Year 11 : Development and resource issues water resources and
regional economic development
Glossary:
Abstraction
When water is taken from a river reservoir or underground source to be used it is abstracted
Over abstraction
When water is abstracted at a faster rate than it is recharged, leading to a store of water decreasing in size.
Water footprint
The amount of water used to make an item of food or make a product such as an item of clothing
Water Security
When society has enough water to ensure that everyone has clean water sanitation and good health and the economy has enough water to grow food and make things
Water Insecurity
When a country does not have enough water this is normally down to a lack of investment by the Government
Aquifers
Rocks in the ground that are capable of holding large quantities of water.
Top down development
When decisions about development are made by governments or officials rather than by ordinary people
Self Help scheme
Improvement projects carried out be ordinary people rather than by businesses or Government
Informal Sector
Section of the economy that includes many types of irregular jobs as well as jobs such as household chores child care and studying
Water Transfer
Movement of water from an area that has surplus to an area that requires it
Lesotho Highlands Water Project (LHWP)
An example of a large scale water transfer scheme
Hydro Electric Power (HEP)
Using the power of water to create electricity usually by the construction of a dam.
Rainwater harvesting
The collection and storage of rain water
Regional Inequalities
The uneven distribution of income or other variable across different locations
Year 11: Development and resource issues Global Inequalities
Glossary
Gross national income per person (GNI)
The average income in a country it is also known as GNP gross national product.
PPP
Purchasing power parity a way of comparing the average wealth of a country by taking the cost of living into account
HIC
High income country eg UK
LIC
Low income country eg Malawi
NiC
Newly industrialised country eg India
Multinational companies (MNC’s)
Large businesses such as Nike who have branches in several countries. Can also be known as Transnational companies
Infant Mortality Rate
The number of children who die before the age of 1 per 1000 that are born
Globalisation
Flows of people ideas money and goods are making and increasingly complex global web that links people and places from distant continents together.
Out sourcing
To get a product or service from a supplier that is outside the company .
Multiplier Effect
An upwards spiral of the economy and its benefits on employment. Positive multipliers are often triggered by large investment.
Tariff
A type of tax that might be charged on goods as they enter a country
Trade Blocs
Trading partnerships between different countries. The EU is an example.
Imports
The purchase of goods from another country
Subsidy
A payment that a country makes to its own farmer and businesses so their goods can be sold at al lower price to consumers
Fairtrade
A scheme to ensure farmers in LIC receive a fair and consistent price for their goods
Tourist Enclave
A tourist resort separated from the local community
Ecotourism
Small scale tourism which creates money for conservation and local jobs
Worlds countries by GNI
Positive multiplier effect
Year 11: Social Development
Glossary:
Infant Mortality Rate
The number of children who die before the age of 1 for every 1000 born
Average Life Expectancy
The average age to which people can expect to live
Human Development Index
A measure of development that takes into account a country’s level of education its wealth and average life expectancy.
Child Labour
Children doing work which deprives them of their childhood their potential and dignity
Economic Migrant
People who move to another in search of work
Asylum seekers
People who move from one country to another because the are in danger or because they are persecuted because of their religious or political views
Refugees
People who are in danger and who leave their homes for their own safety. Refugees may move because of natural disaster such as a volcanic eruption or because of conflict.
Schengen Zone
The are area within the EU in which boarder control has been abandoned allowing people to cross from one country to another without showing a passport
Poverty Line
People who live below this amount of income are said to live in poverty
Malaria
Mosquito bourne infectious disease the affects humans
Human Immunodeficiency viruses (HIV)
A virus that damages the cells in your immune system
Ebola
A virus that is spread easily like flu but can be fatal in about 40% of cases