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Science Curriculum Passport

Materials and material change/ Rocks

The science curriculum aims to nurture a healthy curiosity about our universe and equip pupils with the confidence to ask questions and engage in science-based discussions which affect their own lives, the progress of society and the future of our world. Scientific processes are built upon and developed over time through systematic investigations and engaging first-hand experiences of the biological, chemical and physical processes that make up their world.

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EYFS

Materials

Knowledge end points:

To use all senses in hands-on exploration of natural materials.

To explore collections of materials with similar and different properties.

Methods and processes:

(characteristics of effective learning)

To explore and observe similarities and differences in properties of materials.

Vocabulary

bumpy

texture

smooth

pattern

rough

In EYFS, we look at different materials in our art area. We rotate the materials often so we can see and explore a variety of different materials. We feel the texture and describe the simple properties. We then compare it to other materials we have used.

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Materials

Year 1

Knowledge end points:

To distinguish between an object and the material it is made from.

To identify and name a variety of everyday materials.

To describe some simple physical properties of everyday materials.

To compare and group everyday materials according to properties.

Methods and processes:

To observe closely changes to materials.

To record observations.

To think creatively about different uses for everyday materials.

To record results from simple tests

Which material is most suitable for an umbrella?

Vocabulary

Meaning

material

A substance that can be used to make something.

bendy

Can bend easily into a curved shape.

stretchy

Can easily be made longer; elastic.

stiff

Not easily stretched or changed in shape.

shiny

Bright or reflect light.

smooth

No roughness, lumps or holes.

waterproof

Does not let water pass through.

natural

Things that exist in nature and not made by people.

man-made

Things that are created by people.

In our materials topic we learn all about materials and their properties. We investigated different types of materials and put them into similar groups such as waterproof materials, transparent materials, hard and soft. We looked at toys and the different materials toys are made from.

Materials song

Key facts to remember:

Transparent means that you can see through the material.

Natural materials already exist.

Man-made materials are created by people.

Materials have properties such as smooth and shiny.

Trips and visitors:

We visit Sunderland Museum to investigate how old toys worked and how toys and their materials have developed over time.

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Materials Year 1�Knowledge Check

  • What toys are made out of wood?

  • What is the best material for a superhero costume?

  • What is the best material for a bookshelf?

  • Can you describe what a window is made out of and what it’s like?

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Uses of Materials

Year 2

Knowledge end points:

To identify and describe everyday materials.

To identify the suitability of a variety of everyday materials.

To compare the suitability of a variety of everyday materials for everyday uses.

To observe how the shapes of solid objects made from some materials can be changed by squashing, bending, twisting and stretching.

Methods and processes:

To ask questions about everyday materials and properties.

To use key vocabulary to describe and classify materials.

To record results from simple tests.

Vocabulary

Meaning

property

A characteristic of a material. (what it is like or what it does)

suitable

Correct for a particular use

unsuitable

Not correct for a particular use

absorbent

Soaks up liquid easily

squash

Pressed or crushed so it loses its shape

transparent

See through

opaque

You cannot see through it

twist

Turn to make a spiral

stiff

Does not easily bend

In our materials topic we learn all about materials and their properties. We investigate different types of materials and discuss how we can group similar materials. We discuss the suitability of materials and what makes them suitable and unsuitable for certain purposes.

Materials song

BBC Bitesize

Key facts to remember:

Some materials can be manipulated and their shapes can be changed.

You can’t see through opaque materials.

You can see through transparent materials.

Materials are suitable or unsuitable for certain uses.

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Materials Year 2�Knowledge Check

  • How many different things can you name that can be made out of metal?

  • Which materials would be suitable for making a coat hanger?

Which materials would not?

  • Which materials do you have at home that could be recycled?

  • What types of material can be stretched?

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Rocks and soils Year 3

Knowledge end points:

To compare and group different types of rock on the basis of their appearance and simple physical properties.

To describe in simple terms how fossils are formed when things that have lived are trapped within rock.

To recognise that soils are made from rocks and organic matter.

Methods and processes:

To use scientific equipment such as magnifying glasses to help identify and classify rocks

To ask questions about how rocks are formed

How are rocks formed?

How is soil formed?

Vocabulary

Meaning

decaying

Gradually being destroyed by a natural process

imprint

A mark or outline made by the pressure of one object on another

magma

Molten rock formed in very hot conditions

mineral

Something formed naturally in rocks and in the earth

paleontology

The study of fossils as a guide to the history of life on earth

permeable

A substance such as water of gas can pass through it

porous

It has many air holes in it which water and air can pass through

sediment

Solid material that lies at the bottom of a liquid

In this topic we investigate the different rocks that make up the Earth. We observe fossils first hand and ask questions about the plants and animals they tell us about.

Rocks

Key facts to remember:

Fossils are the remains of prehistoric life.

Soil is made from pieces of rock, minerals and decaying plants and water.

There are different layers of soil.

Fossils are formed when a living thing dies and the body is covered up or buried by sediment over tens of thousands of years.

We learn about the different soils that can be found in our local area.

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Rocks and soil Year 3

Key Concepts

Igneous

  • When molten magma cools, igneous rocks are formed
  • This either cools and forms rocks under the earth’s surface, or flows out of erupting volcanoes as lava and may mix with minerals
  • Examples include granite and basalt
  • This type of rock is strong, hard wearing and non-porous.

Sedimentary

  • Sometimes, little pieces of rock that have been weathered can be found at the bottom of lakes, seas and rivers. This is called sediment.
  • Over millions of years, layers of this sediment builds up forming sedimentary rocks.
  • Examples include limestone and chalk.
  • Sedimentary rocks are porous and can easily be worn down.

Metamorphic

  • When some igneous and sedimentary rocks are heated and squeezed (pressured), they form metamorphic rocks.
  • Examples include slate and marble.
  • Metamorphic rocks are strong.

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Rocks Year 3�Knowledge Check

  • What types of rock might you find on Marsden Beach?

  • What happens if you rub two rocks together?

  • How is soil formed?

  • What might a fossil tell us?

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Properties and changes in materials

Year 5

Knowledge end points:

To compare and group together everyday materials on the basis of their properties.

To know that some materials will dissolve in liquid to form a solution.

To describe how to recover a substance from a solution.

To use knowledge of solids, liquids and gasses to decide how mixtures could be separated.

Methods and processes:

To give reasons based on evidence from comparative and fair tests, for the particular uses of everyday materials.

To demonstrate that dissolving, mixing and changes of state are reversible.

To make choices about how investigations are planned, conducted and evaluated

Vocabulary

Meaning

conductor

A substance that heat or electricity can pass through.

dissolves

When a substance is mixed with a liquid and the substance disappears.

filtering

A device used to remove dirt or other solids from liquids or gasses.

insoluble

Impossible to dissolve.

insulator

A non- conductor of electricity or heat.

irreversible

Impossible to reverse, change back or turn back.

reversible

Able to turn or change back.

thermal

Relating to heat or changes in temperature.

In this topic we build on our previous learning about materials. We learn about dissolving and evaporation and think about when we can observe these process in our everyday life. We look at other methods of separating materials and carry out experiments to investigate these.

Materials

Key facts to remember:

Materials which are good thermal conductors allow heat to pass through easily.

Electrical conductors allow electricity to pass through them easily while electrical insulators do not.

Thermal insulators could be woolen clothes and flasks for hot drinks.

Chemists have created new materials in the past.

We look at the impact different materials in the designing of vehicles through our visit to Nissan.

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Properties and changes in materials Year 5

Key Concepts

Dissolving

  • When the particles of a solid mix with the particles of a liquid, this is called dissolving.
  • The result is a solution
  • Materials that dissolve are soluble.
  • Materials that do not dissolve are insoluble.

Separating

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Properties and changes in materials�Year 5 Knowledge Check

  • What would be the best material to stop a cube from melting?

  • What is a variable in an investigation?

  • Can you think of two changes which are irreversible?

  • Can you explain the difference in particle structure between solids, liquids and gasses? How does this impact their behaviour?