Case Study #3
Box Protocol--Common Source Grade 8
DAY
3
What to Expect: Today’s Lesson
Warm Up
Social Studies
Vocabulary
Superhero Roles
Learning target, box-protocol
Key definitions
Compare & Contrast
Source analysis
Questions
Wrap-up
Warm Up
I can analyze a map and primary sources
to learn how redlining has affected
where I live.
(Click here for Niagara Falls)
Learning Target
SECTION ONE: WARM UP
Check-In
SECTION ONE: INCLUSIVE WELCOME
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Instructions: Create this set of boxes on your butcher paper. �Be sure to leave space between each box for notes.
SECTION ONE: WARM UP
Vocabulary
Antiracist (adj.)
DEFINITION:
Believing and acting as if racial groups are equals and actively resisting racism.
EXAMPLE:
Dr. Wright, Mrs. Everett, and Mrs. Holland put on a Cabaret-Style Fundraiser with the famous actor Ossie Davis, to benefit the East Side Community Organization which supported the Buffalo civil rights organization BUILD.
VOCABULARY TO CONSIDER
REDLINING
Racist Policy (adj.)
DEFINITION:
Any measure that produces or sustains racial inequity between racial groups.
EXAMPLE:
Charles L. Gurney, Real Estate Mogul and President of Buffalo Savings Bank worked with local banks and the government to create Buffalo’s redlining map and encourage a policy of segregating Black and Brown people into Buffalo’s East Side.
Social Studies Practices:
Compare & Contrast
WHAT DOES THIS TELL US ABOUT BUFFALO IN 2010?
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Common Source
SECTION THREE: COMPARE & CONTRAST (CLICK HERE FOR THE NIAGARA FALLS MAP)
Instructions: Let’s analyze each part of this together, then you will answer questions about it on your own.
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Common Source
SECTION THREE: COMPARE & CONTRAST
Share out what you notice about this source.
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Map created by National Housing Act 1934
So, what is this map?
SECTION THREE: COMPARE & CONTRAST
Map created by National Housing Act 1934, and the key that shows the meaning behind each color
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SECTION THREE: COMPARE & CONTRAST
2._Masten
1._Amherst
Why might this map have also been called �a ‘redlining map’?
4._East Side
3._Tonawanda
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Two area descriptions on the redlining map
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What is similar and different?
SECTION THREE: COMPARE & CONTRAST tinyurl.com/buffred
HAZARDOUS
BEST
2.Masten Ave
1.Township of Amherst
Two area descriptions on the redlining map
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What is similar and different?
SECTION THREE: COMPARE & CONTRAST tinyurl.com/buffred
HAZARDOUS
BEST
4.East Side
3.Town of Tonawanda
Prediction may be made regarding the possibility of the location being invaded by such groups. If a neighborhood is to retain stability it is necessary that properties shall continue to be occupied by the same social and racial classes. A change in social or racial occupancy generally leads to instability and a reduction in value.
Natural or artificially established barriers will prove effective in protecting a neighborhood and the locations within it from adverse influences. Including prevention of the infiltration of business and industrial uses, lower class occupancy, and inharmonious racial groups. A high speed traffic artery or a wide street parkway may prevent the expansion of inharmonious uses to a location on the opposite side of the street.
The need for protection from adverse influences is greater in undeveloped or partially developed areas. High ratings should be given where there are adequate and enforced zoning regulations or effective restrictive covenants for the entire tract, providing protection against undesirable encroachment. To ensure a homogeneous and harmonious neighborhood. To be most effective, deed restrictions should be imposed upon all land in the immediate environment of the subject location . . . Recommended restrictions should include provisions for the following... Prohibition of the occupancy of properties except by the race for which they are intended.
951. Quality and Accessibility of Schools.
The social class of the parents of children at the school will in many instances have a direct bearing. Thus, physical surroundings of a neighborhood area may be favorable and conducive to enjoyable, pleasant living in its location. However, if the children of people living in such an area are compelled to attend school where the majority or a considerable number of the pupils represent a far lower level of society or an incompatible racial element, the neighborhood under consideration will prove far less stable and desirable than if this condition did not exist
The law included these rules about what makes a neighborhood �good and worthy of government investment.
COMMON SOURCE
Authors of National Housing Act 1934 that �created the Buffalo Redlining Map
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SECTION THREE: COMPARE & CONTRAST
President Roosevelt Signing the Law
Local Consultants that�created the Buffalo Redlining Map
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SECTION THREE: COMPARE & CONTRAST
Source: The Federal Government Creates and Spreads Security Maps
Lawrence Brown, Jehan Reaves, Austin Lansey, 2024 CUHE Fellows, and Morgan State University students
April 21, 2024
Charles L. Gurney, Real Estate Mogul and President of Buffalo Savings Bank worked with local banks and the government to create Buffalo’s map.
About the source
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National Housing Act of 1934
The U.S. Government passed the National Housing Act of 1934. This created a color coded map of Buffalo to make sure that neighborhoods would be occupied by people of the same ‘social and racial’ groups.
Some groups of people (non-whites) were forced to live in the red-shaded areas. Others (whites) were given money from the government to live in the green areas and suburbs.
SECTION THREE: COMPARE & CONTRAST
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SUMMARY: NATIONAL HOUSING ACT, and the REDLINING MAP
Superhero Roles
SECOND READING WITH CRITICAL THINKING SUPERHERO ROLES
Student Directions: Work in a group of four.
Each member takes a SUPERHERO social studies role. Think about and answer the questions for your role while you read the text. Then share with you found with your group
Superhero Roles
SECTION FOUR: SUPERHERO ROLES
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SECTION FOUR: SUPERHERO ROLES
Who is the author/creator?
What is the goal/purpose of the creator/author?
Is the document/artifact credible (reliable/believable)? Why or why not?
Do you think the author/creator had firsthand knowledge of the events/issues?
(Authenticator – Sourcer) Your task is to determine whether or not the document/artifact is reliable (can you trust this?). In order to do this task, answer the following |
Credible Hulk
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SECTION FOUR: SUPERHERO ROLES
(Impact Analyzer – Purpose Finder) You task is to solve the mystery of the purpose of this document/artifact. In order to do this task, examine the document/artifact and read it through at least once. |
Mister E
What type of document/artifact is it?
What is the goal/purpose of the creator/author?
What perspective is missing?
Who is the intended audience?
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SECTION FOUR: SUPERHERO ROLES
(Main Idea Master – Connector) Your task is to determine the “gist” – the main idea(s) of the document/artifact. In order to do this task, read/analyze the document/artifact, and then write three key details. |
The Connector
Then complete the following statement: “This says that...
What larger issue(s) does this connect with?
Read it a second time to test your statement. Are you right? What would you change/add to your statement?
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SECTION FOUR: SUPERHERO ROLES
(Historian – Context Connector) Your task is to determine the historical context for the document/ artifact. In order to do this task, answer the following questions: |
Captain Context
When was the artifact created/written?
Where was the artifact created/written?
What do you know about this time and place?
What role did the Government play in segregating our community?
Academic Circle:
Circle Agreements: What do you need to �feel supported and challenged?
SECTION FIVE: QUESTIONS
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SECTION FOUR: EXIT TICKET
EXTENSION: Masten Ave 1930s to Today
1930s
Today
SECTION FOUR: EXIT TICKET
Masten Ave 1930s to Today
1930s
Today
SECTION FOUR: EXIT TICKET
Amherst 1930s to Today
1930s
Today
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SECTION THREE: COMPARE & CONTRAST
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1935 Buffalo City Planning Map
Note: Black Dots represent one Black Family
1935 FHA Redlining Map
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SECTION FOUR: EXIT TICKET
Compare these two maps
SECTION FIVE: QUESTIONS
Map created by National Housing Act for Buffalo in 1937
2010 Dot Map
SECTION FOUR: EXIT TICKET
Compare these two maps
HIGHWAYS AND REDLINING IN BUFFALO
SECTION FOUR: EXIT TICKET
REDLINING IN BUFFALO TODAY (2015)
Evans Bank settles with New York over redlining
Must begin lending in Buffalo’s predominantly African-American neighborhoods
September 10, 2015, 6:00 pm By Ben Lane
The State of New York announced Thursday that it reached a settlement with Evans Bank (EVBN) over allegations of unlawful discriminatory mortgage practices, also called redlining.
New York sued Evans Bank last year, accusing the bank of “systematically” denying its mortgages and services to African-Americans in the Buffalo metro area.
According to the lawsuit, Evans Bank allegedly created a map of its lending area, which included most of the city of Buffalo, but excluded the predominately African-American neighborhoods on Buffalo’s East Side.
The settlement, announced by Eric Schneiderman, New York’s attorney general, requires Evans to revise its lending area to include the East Side neighborhoods and other neighborhoods previously excluded from the bank’s lending area due to the neighborhood racial composition.
The settlement also requires Evans to establish an $825,000 settlement fund designed to promote homeownership and affordable housing in Buffalo and to encourage lending activity in the East Side and other previously excluded areas.
“It is essential that all New Yorkers, regardless of the color of their skin or the racial makeup of their neighborhoods, be afforded equal access to our banking systems – and the basic benefits of obtaining a mortgage," Schneiderman said.
“That we continue to see systematic racial and housing discrimination in New York in 2015 is shocking,” Schneiderman continued. “I will not stand for it.”
SECTION FOUR: EXIT TICKET
REDLINING IN BUFFALO TODAY (2015)
SECTION FOUR: EXIT TICKET
REDLINING IN BUFFALO TODAY (2021)
2021 NYS DEPT OF FINANCE REPORT ON CURRENT DAY REDLINING IN BUFFALO, NY
Lender | Mortgage originations | Percent in non-white neighborhoods | Lender | Mortgage originations | Percent in non-white neighborhoods |
KeyBank | 9025 | 3.7% | M&T | 1356 | 7.4% |
Hunt Mortgage Corp. | 4123 | 1.8% | Quicken Loans | 1321 | 14.8% |
Wells Fargo | 2152 | 6.4% | Evans Bank | 1302 | 12.8% |
Bank of America | 2020 | 5.8% | New Choice Funding | 1243 | 6.0% |
Five Star Bank | 1460 | 12.7% | SEFCU Services | 1163 | 1.8% |
“Report on Inquiry into Redlining in Buffalo, New York”
New York State Dept. of Financial Services, February 2021
Next we will learn about ordinary people and activists like Miss Earlie Ashley, Erie County’s first Black female Deputy Sheriff (1966). She faced discrimination in Buffalo and persevered to fight racism in Erie County through her work, protests, and political engagement.
Looking Ahead:
OPTIMISTIC CLOSURE
SEL: INTENTIONAL Closure
Zones of Regulation What zone are you in? | |||
Blue 1 finger | Green 2 fingers | Yellow 3 fingers | Red 4 fingers |
Bored | Happy | Excited | Upset |
Tired | Positive | Worried | Angry |
Sad | Thankful | Nervous | Aggressive |
Depressed | Proud | Confused | Mad |
Shy | Calm | Embarrassed | Terrified |
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Map created by National Housing Act for Buffalo in 1937
EXTENSION: WHAT DO YOU NOTICE ABOUT THE ‘SAFE’ GREENBOOK LOCATIONS FOR BUFFALO IN 1946?
Antiracist (adj.)
DEFINITION:
Believing and acting as if racial groups are equals and actively resisting racism.
EXAMPLE:
Bloneva Bond, a dedicated civil rights activist and community leader, significantly impacted Niagara Falls, NY. Denied teaching jobs due to racism, she became active in the Niagara Community Center and the NAACP, where she served as secretary and three-term president, fighting discrimination and participating in the March on Washington. She also worked with CORE. Bond opposed discriminatory urban renewal, championed school integration as the first African American woman elected to the Niagara Falls Board of Education (1979-1984), and negotiated during the Attica Prison Riot. Her civic contributions included appointments to the NYS Health Council and the Health Planning Commission. Bond's tireless advocacy cemented her legacy as a pivotal figure in Niagara Falls' history.
NIAGARA FALLS: VOCABULARY TO CONSIDER
Bloneva Bond Primary School is named for her
NIAGARA FALLS: VOCABULARY TO CONSIDER
Racist Policy
DEFINITION:
Any measure that produces or sustains racial inequity between racial groups.
EXAMPLE:
During and after World War II, as the Black population in Niagara Falls grew, housing discrimination intensified. Hyde Park Village, a temporary housing project built in 1943, became overcrowded and substandard. Despite the need for more housing, realtors refused to sell or rent to Blacks outside designated areas, leading to further overcrowding and unsanitary conditions. A few Black families were eventually allowed into Griffon Manor, a previously all-white federal housing project, but the demand for adequate housing remained largely unmet. This segregationist practice contributed to the perpetuation of racial inequality and limited opportunities for Black residents in Niagara Falls.
Note: Black residents who integrated Griffon Manor later played a significant role in fighting the environmental conditions in the Love Canal community
Griffon Manor Niagara Falls
Common Source
NIAGARA FALLS
Share out what you notice about this source.
Map created by National Housing Act 1934
So, what is this map?
SECTION THREE: COMPARE & CONTRAST tinyurl.com/niagarared
Map created by National Housing Act 1934, and the key that shows the meaning behind each color
So, what is this map?
SECTION THREE: COMPARE & CONTRAST
D1 Hyde Park and Highland
A1 Niagara Rapids Blvd
Why might this map have also been called �a ‘redlining map’?
D2
3._Tonawanda
D1
A1
D2
Two area descriptions on the redlining map
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What is similar and different?
HAZARDOUS
BEST
D1.Hyde Park and Highland
A1 Niagara Rapids Blvd
SECTION THREE: COMPARE & CONTRAST TINYURL.COM/NIAGARARED
Two area descriptions on the redlining map
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What is similar and different?
HAZARDOUS
BEST
D2 Buffalo Ave
C3 Ferry Ave
Clarify remarks
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What is similar and different?
HAZARDOUS
BEST
D2 Buffalo Ave
C3 Ferry Ave