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Bulletproofing Your Story�

Nils Hanson, Swedish Television (SVT)

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How to avoid this?�

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… and this?�

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The answer�

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Three checkpoints

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… with a counterweight

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First checkpoint: Is it worth investing in?�

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The most important question

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The mission: Kill the story!

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How soon can we contact ”the other side?”

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Make up a plan for demanding accountability

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Advantages early contact

  • Avoiding unpleasant late surprises
  • Time to examine the explanations
  • Easier to get a fair picture

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Second checkpoint – are we on the right track?�

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Discuss quality issues

  • The conclusions – can all other explanations be excluded?
  • The big picture – anything missing?

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You can tell true facts – without telling the truth�

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How to make sure we include all relevant facts?

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Delicate questions

  • Would other facts change the general picture?
  • Would the public be disappointed if they knew what we have left out?
  • Can we justify the selection without losing credibility?

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Question the experts

  • Representative?
  • Current and trusted?

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Question the experts

  • Can someone contradict

what the expert is saying?

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Are the sources�trustworthy?

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Background

Have we done�the necessary�background checks?

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Treatment of the victim

Are the relevant critical

questions asked?

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Discuss quality issues

  • The conclusions – can all other explanations be excluded?
  • The big picture – is anything missing?
  • The accountability – are we fair?

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Are we fair?

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The judicial system

The accused person must

be given access to evidence

to prepare the case in court

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The editorial system – too often

The accused person gets

minimum of information

at a very late stage

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”He destroys people”

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”Theatre director

pressed actor

to abortion

for a role”

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The Press Council: �He only got four hours to answer

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Interview and response to criticism

– not the same thing

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We have a ”no surprise policy”

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Three steps – to secure response

  1. Ask for an interview – inform about questions

If an interview is denied:

2. Inform about all criticism and ask for comments – with strict deadline

In most cases:

3. Send excerpts of the manuscipt – with strict deadline for response

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Exclude quotes and details that can lead to sources

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Why inform about the wording ?

  • The context can make allegations more serious
  • Increase the chance to get a comment
  • Last chance to check facts with the “real expert”
  • Better to get the reaction before publication

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Reasons to wait until later

  • Evidence can be removed
  • Sources can be attacked
  • The team can end up in danger

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Dealing with dangerous people

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More tips on dealing with dangerous people

gijn.org

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Third checkpoint – are we accurate and fair?�

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“Line by line”

– the investigative reporter’s survival kit

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Line by line at Mission Investigate

  • 8-10 days before broadcast
  • Concentration: closed door
  • Number of lines: 800 -1 400
  • Duration: 8 hours

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Very complicated issues

  • Do a separate ”pre-line by line”

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Is there any doubt?

  • Outside experts might help you

– pro bono

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Reporter´s preparation

  • Put all documents in order
  • Do a ”pre-linebyline”
  • Make footnotes

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Start with the central questions

  • The overall picture: �Is the story balanced and fair?
  • The evidence: �Are all conclusions well-grounded?
  • The accountability:�Response to all criticism with the most relevant answers? Are all negative details necessary? Are we open to relevant mitigating circumstances?

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All facts must be verified

  • Statements
  • Quotes
  • Dates
  • Names
  • Titles
  • Figures
  • Statistics
  • Graphics

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… even the seemingly harmless ones�

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Leon, 21, died at treatment center

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The mother Nancy told our reporter:

”I called the treatment center six times”

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After checking the telephone log

”The day Leon was found dead Nancy

had called the treatment center five times”

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Lessons learned

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1. Watch out for overstatements

– we tend to exaggerate

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  • How many are ”some”?
  • How many are ”several”?
  • How many are ”many”?
  • How many are ”hundreds”

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Be precise with numbers

”Many people are affected” (an opinion)

”12 people are affected” (a fact)

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2. Avoid unnecessary burden of proof

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Compare:

”The employer neglected the safety rules”

(You must prove they did it deliberately)

”The employer did not follow the safety rules” �(You are stating a fact)

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3. Statements from victims

– are not true until they are proven

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Compare

”He remembers nothing” (Hard to verify)

”He says he remembers nothing” (A fact he is saying it)

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Compare

”The police didn´t do anything to help her” (Hard to verify)

”She says the police didn´t do anything to help her” (A fact she is saying it)

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4. Don´t rely on other media

– they are probably wrong

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900

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5. Not only ”line by line”

– also “frame by frame”

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The last question

Anything that still bothers the reporter or the editor?

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Now the reporter can sleep well

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If it still goes wrong�- the editor is responsible

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If it still goes wrong�- the editor is responsible

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Line by line – ”light”�

1. Facts – verify everything!

2. Conclusions – examine the grounds!

3. Allegations – check the response!

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To sum up – why use this method?�

  • It makes the story closer to the truth
  • It makes the story bulletproofed
  • It makes the story sharper

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… and you will not end up as the bad guy

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Contact:

nissehanson@gmail.com