1 of 81

Technology, Literacy, and Social Inclusion

Presentation to Pens & Pixels�July 13, 2023

Mark Warschauer�Professor of Education and Informatics�University of California, Irvine

2 of 81

3 of 81

4 of 81

5 of 81

6 of 81

7 of 81

8 of 81

9 of 81

Based on GPT-3 “Large Language Model”

  • 8 years of web crawling
  • Large corpora of books
  • 500 billion tokens
  • 175 billion parameters�
  • GPT-4: ?

10 of 81

“Write me an essay about why ‘home’ is the most important theme in Homer’s Odyssey.”

11 of 81

Ideation

12 of 81

Summarizing

13 of 81

Counterarguments

14 of 81

Feedback

15 of 81

Translation

16 of 81

Create lesson plans & assignments

17 of 81

Create quizzes and tests

18 of 81

19 of 81

20 of 81

21 of 81

22 of 81

Prompt:

Generate 10 bilingual narrative ebook ideas (for children ages 4-6) that are culturally relevant to Spanish-speaking families

Results:

“The Little Tortilla Boy”: Follow a young boy as he learns the importance of patience, hard work, and perseverance while helping his abuela make tortillas from scratch.

"The Magical Piñata" - A story about a group of friends who embark on a magical adventure to find the perfect piñata for their celebration, learning about teamwork and friendship along the way.

"Counting with Abuela" - A counting book that teaches children how to count from 1 to 10 in both Spanish and English, while also introducing them to different cultural traditions and foods.

23 of 81

What Does a Professor Look Like? - Midjourney

24 of 81

Who Stands to Benefit?

25 of 81

Who Stands to Benefit?

26 of 81

Who Stands to Benefit?

27 of 81

Who Stands to Benefit?

28 of 81

Imitation Contradiction�

29 of 81

Imitation Contradiction

English learners and developing writers are constantly told they need to imitate native speakers’ or expert writers’ language use. But when they borrow exact phrases from sources, they can be accused of plagiarism.

30 of 81

Imitation Contradiction�

31 of 81

Imitation Contradiction�

32 of 81

The “Rich Get Richer” Contradiction

33 of 81

The Rich Get Richer Contradiction

AI is incredibly powerful for assisting communication

34 of 81

The Rich Get Richer Contradiction

AI is incredibly powerful for assisting communications

To get the most out of it, you need to know how to prompt it well, critically evaluate its output, and edit and incorporate it into your work

35 of 81

The “With or Without” Contradiction

36 of 81

The “With or Without” Contradiction

If students never learn to use AI, they will be at a disadvantage in their study and careers.

37 of 81

The “With or Without” Contradiction

If students never learn AI, they will be at a disadvantage in their study and careers.

If they use AI too much and too early, they will also be at a disadvantage as they will be robbed of foundational skills necessary to use it well.

38 of 81

39 of 81

Photo Courtesy of David Thornburg

40 of 81

Digital Literacy

“Skills, knowledge and attitudes to use digital technologies to find, evaluate, create, and communicate information”

  • Computer literacy
  • Information literacy
  • Multimodal literacy
  • Computer-Mediated Communication literacy

41 of 81

42 of 81

AI Literacy

43 of 81

AI Literacy

44 of 81

45 of 81

Emily Thomforde AIforCA

46 of 81

47 of 81

CodeAI�

48 of 81

CodeAI�

49 of 81

CodeAI�

50 of 81

CodeAI�

Wikipedia

Open Access Textbooks

Children’s Literature from Project Gutenberg

51 of 81

CodeAI�Student Language Innovation Model (SLIM)

Wikipedia

Open Access Textbooks

Children’s Literature from Project Gutenberg

52 of 81

53 of 81

YouthVoices.live

54 of 81

Generative AI in Engineering Writing Courses

55 of 81

Generative AI in Engineering Writing Courses

Teacher Interface

  • Portal to GPT-4 API
  • Embedded prompts
    • Feedback
    • Summarize
    • Outline

56 of 81

Generative AI in Engineering Writing Courses

Teacher Interface

  • Portal to GPT-4 API
  • Embedded prompts
    • Feedback
    • Summarize
    • Outline

Student Use

  • Log in to use
  • Free GPT-4 access
    • Lengthier texts
    • Embedded prompts

57 of 81

Generative AI in Engineering Writing Courses

Teacher Interface

  • Portal to GPT-4 API
  • Embedded prompts
    • Feedback
    • Summarize
    • Outline

Student Use

  • Log in to use
  • Free GPT-4 access
    • Lengthier texts
    • Embedded prompts

Usage logs available for both instructors and researchers

58 of 81

59 of 81

The Writing Process of Kailing Hua

  • Brainstorm

  • Research

  • Compose

  • Edit

60 of 81

I want to incorporate large language models into the design of educational technologies for children aged 8-10 years to learn math. Give me 10 ideas.

Please elaborate on the 7th idea of a story generator. Tell me in detail how it will work and how it will interact with the users.

What are some potential concerns about this tool?

Now, let's go back to the story generator idea. I want the generator to generate math-related stories for children aged 8 to 10 years in collaboration with teachers. Teachers can input story configurations, such as setting, math concepts, etc. After the story is generated, teachers will review and modify the story to make sure it's appropriate. Tell me the pros and cons of this idea.

61 of 81

How do narrative stories help young children learn math? Tell me 10 researchers that on narrative stories in math.

The African-American community has a rich tradition in oral storytelling. Tell me about their oral practices. For example, what are the common themes of African-American oral practices? What do the oral practices look like between family members. Also, tell me 10 researchers who conduct work in this field.

Among the 10 researchers, whose research is the most relevant to the oral storytelling among African-American families. Briefly summarize his/her research.

Tell me 10 research projects on math education funded in Georgia over the past 10 years.

62 of 81

Write a research proposal according to the bullet points below:

1. Background

  • Storytelling is an important way for children to learn math
  • Limited math stories for children
  • Math storytelling works best when it’s relevant. This is especially true when it comes to culturally and linguistically diverse children.
  • Finding content in African-American English for the subject area is oftentimes hard.�

2. Solution - A math narrative generation platform

  • Using generative AI to generate math stories Teachers review and revise the stories to make sure the content and math concept is proper.
  • The platform also generates discussion questions pairs to foster interactive reading of the story to improve understanding of concepts.

63 of 81

Revise this paragraph using academic language.

The proposed study will recruit 15 parent-child pairs from a local non-profit organization, Atlanta ARISE. ARISE is a community partnership of parents, eaders, community agencies, and schools dedicated to improving learning in reading, math, and social-emotional development for all children ages 5-12 in Atlanta Our lab has been collaborated with ALIVE to recruit participants for our series of studies on developing AI for children. For the present study, we will have ALIVE distribute the study flyer to families in its pool and get their contact information. We will then reach out to these families by phone to confirm their willingness to participant in the study.

64 of 81

65 of 81

66 of 81

67 of 81

by Jacob Guttierez & Adam Nam

68 of 81

Vertical Reading

Digging Deeper in a Document or Site

69 of 81

70 of 81

71 of 81

72 of 81

Artificial intelligence (AI) language models, such as ChatGPT, can not be used for course assignments. The following actions are prohibited in this course:

  • Submitting all or any part of an assignment statement to an online learning support platform;
  • Incorporating any part of an AI generated response in an assignment;
  • Using AI to brainstorm, formulate arguments, or template ideas for assignments;
  • Using AI to summarize or contextualize source materials;
  • Submitting your own work for this class to an online learning support platform for iteration or improvement.

73 of 81

Ryan Baker, University of Pennsylvania

Within this class, you are welcome to use foundation models (ChatGPT, GPT, DALL-E, Stable Diffusion, Midjourney, GitHub Copilot, and anything after) in a totally unrestricted fashion, for any purpose, at no penalty. However, you should note that all large language models still have a tendency to make up incorrect facts and fake citations, code generation models have a tendency to produce inaccurate outputs, and image generation models can occasionally come up with highly offensive products. You will be responsible for any inaccurate, biased, offensive, or otherwise unethical content you submit regardless of whether it originally comes from you or a foundation model. If you use a foundation model, its contribution must be acknowledged in the handin; you will be penalized for using a foundation model without acknowledgement. Having said all these disclaimers, the use of foundation models is encouraged, as it may make it possible for you to submit assignments with higher quality, in less time.

The university's policy on plagiarism still applies to any uncited or improperly cited use of work by other human beings, or submission of work by others as your own.

74 of 81

75 of 81

Technology: Gregory Bateson (1972)

Suppose I am a blind man, and I use a stick. I go tap, tap, tap. Where do I start? Is my mental system bounded at the handle of the stick? Is it bounded by my skin? Does it start halfway up the stick? Does it start at the tip of the stick?

But these are nonsense questions. The stick is a pathway along which transformations of difference are being transmitted. The way to delineate the system is to draw the limiting line in such a way that you do not cut any of these pathways in ways which leave things inexplicable. If what you are trying to explain is a given piece of behavior, such as the locomotion of the blind man, then, for this purpose, you will need the street, the stick, the man. (Bateson, 1972)

76 of 81

Technologies are not mere exterior aids but also interior transformations of consciousness and never more than when they affect the word.

Technologies are artificial, but - paradox again - artificiality is natural to human beings. Technology, properly interiorized, does not degrade human life but on the contrary enhances it.

Literacy: Walter Ong (1982)�

77 of 81

Social Inclusion: Shoshana Zuboff (1988)

78 of 81

Automate

79 of 81

Automate

Informate

80 of 81

The informated organization relies on the human capacities for teaching and learning, criticism, and insight….It reflects the interdependence between the human mind and one of its most sophisticated productions. As one worker mused,

“If you don’t let people grow and develop and make more decisions, it’s a waste of human life – a waste of human potential. If you don’t use your knowledge and skill, it’s a waste of life. Using the new technology to its full potential means using the person to their full potential.”

Social Inclusion: Shoshana Zuboff (1988)

81 of 81

Thank you!

Web: MarkWarschauer.com

Email: markw@uci.edu

Twitter: @markwarschauer