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Infectious Disease &

Bloodborne Pathogens Training

for Citizen Corps Volunteers

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About this course!

Course Title: Infectious Disease & Bloodborne Pathogens Training for Citizen Corps Volunteers

Lesson Title: Lesson 1 of 1

Time Requirement: Approximately 60 – 90 minutes to complete

Prerequisites: None

Required Training: This is required annual training for all affiliated Daisy Mountain Fire Department Citizen Corps volunteers, as well as an OSHA required training. This training credential expires 12/31, and may be renewed up to 90 days prior to expiration. Should it happen that this training hasn't been completed by 12/31, your "Affiliated" status will be temporarily suspended for up to 60 days or until the requirements have been

fulfilled, whichever comes first. If all required annual training hasn't been fulfilled within 60 days, "Affiliation" will be permanently terminated. If a volunteer wishes to be "Affiliated" once terminated, they must begin the application process from the beginning.

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About this course!

continued

Instruction Method: Online, self paced training

Evaluation Method: Written test. PASS/FAIL with 70% minimum threshold for PASS.

(at least 7 of the 10 test questions must be answered correctly)

Resources: Hyperlinks shown in blue, are found throughout the curriculum. Please click them to explore extended information for each topic.

Created by and date: Dave Jensen 2010

Revision by and date: Paul Schickel 3/2020

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Validation Statement

This curriculum was developed through collaborative efforts of qualified individuals as well as consultation with pertinent agencies and organizations. This process has effectively been used to validate this competency based curriculum developed for Citizen Corps Volunteers.

Participating authors, consultants and advisors are qualified individuals, some of whom are�Fire Instructor I and/or II certified by the Arizona Center for Fire Service Excellence who have collaboratively worked to develop this curriculum. These individuals are experienced in their trade, as well as experienced instructors of fire science and non-fire science curriculums.

This training includes substantiated concepts and best practices from the Occupational Safety and Health Association, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Arizona State Plan - Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Daisy Mountain Fire District Policies and Procedures, and Phoenix Fire Department Standard Operating Procedures.

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DMFD Citizen Corps volunteers should reasonably anticipate a risk of exposure to blood or other potentially infectious material (OPIM). The goal of this curriculum is to instruct Citizen Corps volunteers how to minimize the risk of contracting hepatitis and other bloodborne pathogens (BBPs) through the use of proper precautions.

This training will help you:

  • Avoid exposure to themselves, employees, other volunteers, and the public.
  • Avoid time lost.
  • Support the Fire Department’s positive image.
  • Satisfy annual training requirements including that of:

Learn more about OSHA’s Bloodborne Pathogens Standard.

Course Goal

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  • Limit chances of getting or giving an infectious disease through blood borne pathogens
  • Recognize situations that expose you and others
  • Properly manage the potential for exposures
  • Identify how and what could be transmitted
  • Learn how to protect yourself and others

Course Competencies

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Infectious Disease

  • Illnesses caused by infestation of the body by biological microorganisms such as: bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasitic worms.

Bloodborne Pathogen

  • Microorganisms that are carried in the blood that can cause disease in humans

Definitions

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How are Diseases Transmitted?

TRANSMISSION

DESCRIPTION

RESULTING DISEASE

DIRECT CONTACT

Physical contact (touching oral secretions, wounds or lesions, kissing, sexual contact between an infected person & susceptible one, and the transfer of microorganisms

Warts, herpes, rabies

INDIRECT CONTACT

Susceptible person is infected from contact with a contaminated surface (Contact with door knob, radio, gloves, bathrooms, table, chairs, etc.)

Colds, flu, fungal infections, anthrax, tuberculosis

DROPLET CONTACT

Infected droplets contacting surfaces of the eye, nose, or mouth.

Colds, flu, measles, SARS, tuberculosis

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How are Diseases Transmitted?

continued

TRANSMISSION

DESCRIPTION

RESULTING DISEASE

Airborne

Indirectly through the air by dried up droplets or dust particles, which you inhale

Pneumonia, Tuberculosis, Whooping Cough, Polio, Chickenpox

Fecal-Oral

Microorganisms enter the body through contaminated food or water usually resulting from bad sanitation practices.

Food poisoning, typhoid, Salmonella

Vector-Borne

Vectors (e.g. flies, mites, fleas, ticks, rats, and dogs) transmit diseases.

Malaria, West Nile virus, Lyme disease

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Take care of YOURSELF

This is your first line of defense. Practice good hygiene, this includes tying back (putting up) long hair, keep fingernails clean and trimmed, treating and covering open wounds, and be sure your immune system is strong.

Practice Standard Precautions, are the minimum infection prevention practices that apply to all patient care, regardless of suspected or confirmed infection status of the patient, in any setting where healthcare is delivered.

Wear Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). This includes medical disposable gloves, protective eyewear, disposable sleeves, and Face Masks or N95 respirators.

WARNING

  • Facial hair and jewelry may impact the seal of the mask to a person's face.

Consider the risk factors when choosing your style.

  • Inspect PPE prior to use for wear and damage, if necessary, remove from

service and replace as appropriate.

Infection Control Techniques

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When in contact with the sick, injured or dead

Avoid direct contact, isolate all body substances. Properly dispose of all infectious waste in red biohazard bags and containers.

Use Engineered Sharps Controls

While working within their scope of practice, DMFD Citizen Corps Volunteers will not be using needles, lancets, etc., but you may encounter such items. In that case avoid handling them whenever possible. Be aware these items are much more dangerous when they have been in contact with a disease-causing bacteria or virus. When handling a sharp, first use built-in engineered safety mechanisms if equipped with one. Otherwise, use a one-handed technique to place it safely in the container. If cleaning up sharps such as broken glass, do not use your hands. Use a broom and dustpan or forceps to pick the material up.

After the Incident:

Wash hands vigorously with soap & warm water for at least 20 seconds.

Decontaminate all equipment & PPE. Wash uniforms separate from normal

laundry items.

Infection Control Techniques

continued

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Disinfectant

Either prepare a disinfectant or use a suitable commercially available disinfectant

Prepared formula

Probably the most common formula is bleach and water, using 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (household bleach / clorox) diluted between 1:10 and 1:100 with water (1/4 cup bleach per 1 gallon of water = 1:64)

Commercially Available Disinfectants

To be effective, it must be an EPA-registered tuberculocidal an example of this is Lysol.

Decontamination Techniques

Disinfectant should be left on items you are decontaminating for at least 10 minutes before continuing the cleaning process. This will help ensure that any bloodborne pathogens are killed before you actually begin cleaning or wiping the material up.

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Decontaminate

Small spills, equipment and workspace

  • First using the disinfectant, clean all surfaces, tools, equipment, & other objects that may have come in contact with blood, other body fluids or potentially infectious materials.
  • Allow disinfectant to stand on items you are decontaminating for at least 10 minutes before continuing the cleaning process.
  • Follow up the decontamination by cleaning, using soap and water or other appropriate general cleaner.
  • Wear uncontaminated PPE when disinfecting.

Decontamination Techniques

continued

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Decontaminate

Large Spills

  • Carefully cover the spill with paper towels or rags.
  • Gently pour the disinfectant solution over the towels or rags, and let it stand for at least 10 minutes. Note: Covering the spill with paper towels or rags, reduces the chance of causing a splash when you pour bleach or other disinfectant on it.
  • Any Materials used to clean up a spill must also be decontaminated and cleaned. This includes mops, sponges, reusable gloves, buckets, brooms, etc.
  • Follow up the decontamination with a cleaning using soap and water or other appropriate general cleaner.

Decontamination Techniques

continued

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  • Hepatitis A, B & C
  • HIV
  • Meningitis
  • Tuberculosis

Common Diseases that

Citizen Corps Volunteers may encounter

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  • A, B, & C most common
  • D & E less common (not covered here)

Hepatitis

Description:

Inflammation of the liver most commonly caused by a

virus.

Common causes:

Viruses (most common), bacteria, fungi, parasites, alcohol consumption, or medications

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Transmission Method

Fecal-Oral

Signs/Symptoms

Hepatitis A

Post Exposure Measures

  • Consult your physician
  • Contagious period begins about two weeks before symptoms appear and lasts about one week after symptoms appear.

Prevention

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Transmission Method

Direct contact with body fluids

  • Sharing needles, syringes, or other equipment to inject drugs
  • Needlestick injuries in healthcare settings
  • Sexual Contact
  • Infants born to HBV-positive mothers

Signs/Symptoms

  • Often there are no symptoms, although some may experience: fever, fatigue, joint, muscle pain, or loss of appetite all of which may be mistaken for the flu.
  • Less common, but more serious symptoms include nausea, vomiting, and jaundice.

Hepatitis B

Prevention

Post Exposure Measures

  • Consult your physician
  • Considered contagious until cleared through a blood test.
  • Testing positive for for longer than 6 months indicates a chronic hepatitis B infection, which may stay in your blood and liver for a lifetime.

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Transmission Method

Direct contact with body fluids

  • Sharing needles, syringes, or other equipment to inject drugs
  • Needlestick injuries in healthcare settings
  • Sexual Contact
  • Infants born to HBV-positive mothers

Signs/Symptoms

  • Sometimes there are no symptoms, but they generally present in 6–7 weeks after exposure, but can range from 2 weeks to 6 months.
  • Commonly experienced symptoms include: fever, fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, dark urine, clay-colored bowel movements, joint pain, and jaundice.

Hepatitis C

Prevention

  • Standard Precautions
  • PPE/Personal Protective Equipment
  • Hand washing
  • No Vaccine available
  • Cleaning & decontamination of equipment after each use

Post Exposure Measures

  • Consult your physician
  • Contagious if your are infected with the Hepatitis C virus
  • Treatments are available

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Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

Description:

HIV is the virus that can lead to Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, or AIDS. There are two types of HIV, HIV-1 and HIV-2. In the United States, unless otherwise noted, the term “HIV” primarily refers to HIV-1. Both types of HIV damage a person’s body by destroying specific blood cells, called CD4+ T cells, which are crucial to helping the body fight diseases.

Transmission Method

Direct contact with body fluids

  • Sharing needles, syringes, or other equipment to inject drugs
  • Needlestick injuries in healthcare settings
  • Sexual Contact
  • Infants born to HIV-positive mothers

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HIV continued

Signs/Symptoms

  • Often presents with no symptoms, however infected individuals sicken as they progress toward AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome).
  • 2 weeks to 3 months after exposure, individuals usually experience acute illness, likened to severe flu.
  • When HIV progresses to AIDS, many suffer from fatigue, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, fever, chills, and night sweats.

Prevention

  • Standard Precautions
  • PPE/Personal Protective Equipment
  • Hand washing
  • No cure or vaccine

Post Exposure Measures

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Meningitis

Description:

Meningitis is the inflammation of the membranes that surrounds a person’s spinal cord and brain, usually cause by an infection of the fluid surrounding the brain and cord.

Types:

There are five types, but bacterial and viral are most common

Transmission:

Bacterial - Through contact with oral secretions often associated with kissing, sharing food/drink, suctioning, or intubation.

Viral - Through contact with oral secretions as well as through fecal to oral route.

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Meningitis

continued

Signs/Symptoms

  • Both Bacterial Meningitis and Viral Meningitis present similarly.
  • Symptoms include high fever, severe headache, stiff neck and occasionally a rash. may also present with nausea, vomiting, and confusion.

Prevention

  • Standard Precautions
  • PPE/Personal Protective Equipment
  • Hand washing
  • Vaccines are available to the young and elderly to help prevent bacterial meningitis. None are available for viral meningitis.

Post Exposure Measures

  • Consult your physician
  • Spinal fluid testing is required to determine the type of meningitis.
  • Viral meningitis may improve without treatment.
  • Bacterial meningitis is serious, has a rapid onset. Delay increases risk of

brain damage or death.

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Tuberculosis

Description:

Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease caused by a bacteria that usually attack the lungs, and if not treated properly can be fatal.

Transmission:

The TB disease that is spread through the air from one person to another. Individuals who have suspected or confirmed TB should be considered contagious if they are coughing. Use of a Face Mask or N95 mask worn by the infected individual, can help reduce the transmission of the disease.

Prevention:

Skin tests identify an exposure. Early identification of exposure and drug prophylaxis are key to treating and preventing spread.

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Tuberculosis

continued

Signs/Symptoms

  • Fever, weakness, weight loss, night sweats and may also include coughing, chest pain, and the coughing up of blood.

Prevention

  • Standard Precautions
  • PPE/Personal Protective Equipment
  • Hand washing

Post Exposure Measures

  • Consult your physician

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Work Practice Controls

Defined as precautionary measures which alters a method, task or procedure to reduces the likelihood of exposure or injury. In this case, bloodborne pathogens.

DMFD Citizen Corps Volunteers will:

  • Fully utilize the procedures covered in this training. This includes proper use of Universal Precautions, PPE, engineered sharps protection and decontamination procedures.

  • Always evaluate available engineered controls then select and implement the one that affords greatest protection appropriate for the situation.

  • If you are exposed, follow this Exposure Control Plan
    • Immediately contact your supervisor
    • Complete a DMFD Exposure Incident Form as soon as is reasonable.

Maintain a log for every event or incident to which Citizen Corps Volunteers

have been deployed to document all sharps injuries and exposures.

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Summary

  • Our level of care MUST not change for patients with known infectious disease.
  • Infection control works both ways; you must use care not to infect those you are helping.
  • Avoid cross contamination which means moving an infection from someone with it to someone that does not have it.
  • Wear your personal protective equipment.
  • Use clean equipment and stay clean yourself.
  • Remember to WASH YOUR HANDS!

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Congratulations

You Have Completed the

Bloodborne Pathogens Training

Complete the TEST

and give us your feedback.

CLICK HERE to begin

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