Computer Science

Mr. Brummer

Homework

Create a slide with 2-4 pictures that show the class who you are.

They can be photos of you or images of your interests.

Assignment is posted to google classroom.

Unit 1

Warm Up

What do you think COMPUTATIONAL THINKING means?

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Computational Thinking

The thought processes involved in formulating problems and their solutions so that the solutions are represented in a form that can be effectively carried out by an information-processing agent (human or machine).

Key Components to Computational Thinking

• Decomposition - Breaking down complex problems into smaller, more manageable parts, making it easier to analyze and solve each part individually.
• Pattern Recognition - Identifying recurring patterns in data or problems, which can lead to more efficient algorithms and solutions.
• Abstraction - Allows programmers to focus on the essential features of a problem or system, ignoring unnecessary details, and creating simplified representations or models.
• Algorithms - Provides step-by-step solutions to a problem, ensuring that tasks are performed correctly and efficiently.

Jigsaw

Each group member is assigned a discipline.

• Biology
• Urban Planning
• Journalism
• Music

Identify which components of computational thinking are present.

Share Out

Exit Ticket

Choose a field or problem NOT discussed today. How might computational thinking be applied to it? Identify at least two components of computational thinking in your example.

Warm Up

If you were going to teach someone how to tie their shoes, how would you teach them?

Write down the steps as if you were teaching someone to tie their shoes.

Teach Me To Tie My Shoes

Algorithms are…

Sequence of precise, step-by-step instructions to solve a problem or complete a task.

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• Clear
• Finite
• Effective.

Solve a problem

Algorithm - a sequence of precise, step-by-step instructions to solve a problem or complete a task. (e.g., recipes, assembly instructions, driving directions)

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Computer science (e.g., sorting algorithms, search algorithms).

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Solve a problem

Break down the problem into smaller tasks and create an algorithm for each task.

Planning a party:

• Guest list

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• Food/Groceries
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• Decorations

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• Venue
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Warm Up

Have you joined Google Classroom? If not, why?

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Do you have a laptop? If not, why?

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Does your laptop work with no issues?(i.e. broken screen, does not charge, no charger, cannot log in)

Identifying Patterns in Data

Finding patterns in data. Pattern recognition is a key skill in computer science and helps us solve problems more efficiently.

Identifying Patterns in Data

2, 4, 6, 8, …

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1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, ...

Check for Understanding

3, 6, 11, 18, …

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What they think comes next and why?

Independent work

Try to find a pattern in something you see every day - it could be in nature, in numbers, or in people's behavior.

Warm Up

What is this?

What details are missing?

Why might we use this simple representation instead of a detailed drawing?

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Abstraction

Abstraction is the process of simplifying complex systems by focusing on essential features while hiding unnecessary details.

Levels of Abstraction

Problem Domain - refers to the real-world problem or situation that needs to be solved or addressed using computing. This level is about understanding the requirements and context of the problem, often described in natural language.

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Levels of Abstraction

Design/Algorithm - we create a plan or method to solve the problem identified in the Problem Domain. This involves breaking down the problem into steps or processes, often using pseudocode, flowcharts, or other high-level representations. The focus is on the logic and structure of the solution, not the specific programming language.

Levels of Abstraction

Program Code - This level involves translating the design or algorithm into actual programming language code. Here, we implement the solution using specific syntax and structures of a chosen programming language.

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Levels of Abstraction

Execution - This is the lowest level of abstraction, where the program code is actually run on a computer. It involves the machine executing the instructions, managing memory, and performing operations at the hardware level.

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Levels of Abstraction

Making a sandwich:

Problem Domain: "I need to eat lunch"

Design/Algorithm: Steps to make a sandwich

Program Code: A function in a programming language to make a sandwich

Execution: The actual process of making the sandwich

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Levels of Abstraction

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Why abstraction is important in computer science (managing complexity, problem-solving, creating efficient systems)

Transportation:

• Car (high level) ->
• Engine (medium level) ->
• Pistons (low level)

Sending an email:

• Click 'Send' (high level) ->
• Email client processes (medium level) ->
• Binary data transmission (low level)

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Everyday Abstraction

Consider the process of making a sandwich. List three levels of abstraction for this task, from highest (most general) to lowest (most detailed).

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High(most general):

Medium:

Low(most detailed):

Warm Up

Think of a task or activity you did over the weekend. What was the task/activity?

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Using what we learned about abstraction, break down how you completed that task into high, medium, and low levels of abstraction.

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What is a Boolean Expression?

In computer programming, data is a set of instructions or facts which is processed as information and stored in a computer system. The data can be in the form of a document, audio or video.

Computers interpret organized data in the form of binary numbers (0 and 1). Data type determines the type of values which can be stored or used to perform operations on them.

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Boolean Values

Boolean values can only be true or false.

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And: results true if both the conditions are true.

Or: results true if any one of the conditions is true.

Not: returns true when the condition is false.

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True or False

For each scenario, write whether it would evaluate to True or False:

a) The sky is blue AND grass is green: _________

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b) It's raining OR it's snowing (on a sunny day): _________

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c) NOT (2 + 2 = 5): _________

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AND

OR

Not

Exit Ticket

Describe a real-world scenario where Boolean logic could be useful in solving a problem. How would you use Boolean values or operators in this scenario?

Warm Up

Write a boolean expression for each of the boolean operators.

And:

Or:

Not:

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Warm Up

Evaluate the following everyday situations using Boolean logic. Write "True" or "False" for each statement:

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• The sun is shining AND it is raining.
• I am hungry OR I am thirsty.
• The movie is interesting AND the movie is short.
• I am tired OR I have had coffee.
• It is cold outside AND I don't have a coat.

Pseudocode

Making a peanut butter and jelly sandwich

Pseudocode

A program that calculates the area of a rectangle.

Exit Ticket

Write pseudocode for a program that determines if a year is a leap year. (Hint: A leap year is divisible by 4, except for century years, which must be divisible by 400.)

Warm Up

Explain the reasons we as programmers use pseudocode.

Flowcharts

Programmers use flowcharts to visually represent the logic and steps of a program, allowing them to plan out the structure of their code, identify potential issues in the logic before writing code, communicate their ideas to others, and easily debug complex processes by seeing the data flow within the program.

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Flowcharts

Flowcharts

Visualizing complex logic:

• Flowcharts break down a complex problem into smaller, more manageable steps, making it easier to understand the overall flow of data and decision-making within a program.

Planning and design:

• By mapping out the program's logic before coding, flowcharts help programmers identify potential errors or inefficiencies early on.

Collaboration and communication:

• Flowcharts provide a clear visual representation that can be easily shared with other developers, stakeholders, or clients to explain the program's functionality.
• Flowcharts serve as a valuable documentation tool, capturing the design decisions and logic behind a program.

BRING LAPTOPS NEXT CLASS

Analyzing Voter Data

Day 1

Click the link on Classroom and respond to this question.

Poll

Poll

How important do you think it is for people to vote?

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

Not very important

Very important

Voter Turnout

Voter Turnout: percentage of eligible voters who participated in an election.

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In the U.S. in 2020, voter turnout was 70.75%. �(IDEA database, Sept. 30, 2022)

• Why don’t they?

• Why do people vote?

Why do you think voting is important — or not?

What are some factors that might affect voter turnout?

Read article and answer questions

Warm Up

What is a pattern from the country voter data activity last class that you noticed.

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Analyzing Voter Data

Day 2

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CODAP Tutorial/Familiarization

Introduction to CODAP

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• Getting Started in CODAP, Part 1, beginner’s tutorial at http://short.concord.org/lou

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• Optional: Getting Started in CODAP, Part 2, advanced tutorial at https://codap.concord.org/app/#shared=97226

CODAP stands for Common Online Data Analysis Platform

This free resource was developed by The Concord Consortium.

Analyzing Voter Data

Day 3

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CODAP Design Challenge

Design Scenario

Your team of data journalists is investigating and reporting on voter turnout. You are using data to examine trends in voting.

• Use pattern recognition to examine voter turnout data, graph and map a few attributes (voter turnout and age).
• Use abstraction to share what you have discovered in a 3 Slide Story (similar to a social media style).

Design Problem

Explore data about voter turnout in the United States.

Tell a story about what you discover. Include any of your remaining questions and suggestions for further investigation.

Plugged Design Challenge

Explore the Data on CODAP

1. Go to bit.ly/tech-CODAP-voter-data�
2. Follow the steps in the data set.

Craft the Story

Tell the Story of the Data

Each team will take turns presenting.

Debrief

• What types of information did teams focus on in their stories?
• What patterns did you notice in the stories that were shared?
• What has this process made you wonder?
• What other types of data would you like to see and investigate?
• How did computational thinking skills (pattern recognition, abstraction) support your data analysis?
• What actions were you or others inspired to take?
• How could data be used to create change?

Unit 2

Warm Up

• Take out laptops and go to www.Juicemind.com
• LINK IN GOOGLE CLASSROOM
• Raise hand to get checked off when complete.

Mr. Brummer when a student says they “forgot their laptop.”

Juicemind

Go to www. juicemind.com

Assignment

Create 5 print statements.

Each line should be a full sentence about you.

• Name
• Grade
• Hobbies
• Interests
• Sports
• Family

Warm Up

Go to GOOGLE CLASSROOM

Click on assignment under Warm Ups section

• 10/1-10/7 Warm Up

Assignment

Create a program that has 10 outputs.

• 5 outputs are from print statements
• 5 outputs are from input statements

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If You Finished 2.2

Using your current knowledge about print statements and input statements, create a program that meets the following criteria:

• Minimum 25 lines of code
• Uses both print statements and input statements
• Asks the user to enter information about themselves
• Name, age, interests, etc
• Displays all of the information entered

WARM UP

On google classroom

10/10 Warm Up

Data Types

String(str) = words

Ex. hello world

Integer(int) = numbers defined for computation/mathematical operations

Ex. 5, 10, 16

Float = numbers with decimals.

Ex. 20.5

Boolean(bool) = true or false logic

Ex. True/False

String

2.3 - Data Types and Outputs

Create a program that has the user enter different data types

Include the following types:

• 2 Strings
• 2 Integers
• 2 Floats

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You DO NOT need to include boolean.

WARM UP

On google classroom

10/11 Warm Up

Relearning Day

Complete any missing assignments.

Move up to the front if you are confused with anything to work with Mr. Brummer.

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Warm Up

1. What are the four main math operations we use in math?

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• What type of data type could we use if we wanted to program a calculator?

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Mathematical Operations

• Addition
• Subtraction
• Multiplication
• Division

• +
• -
• *
• /

Operation Python

Assignment

Make a calculator that when the user enters two numbers, values are returned for each mathematical operator.

Warm Up

1. Type in the characters/keys we used to do the four mathematical operations; addition, subtraction, multiplication, division.

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• Why do we need to assign variables?

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Warm Up

Take your seat and get laptop setup. Login to Juicemind and prepare for a quiz!

NO PHONES!!!

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Input/Output Quiz

INDEPENDENTLY, debug the provided code on juicemind. Make sure to test your code. When you have finished debugging the program, submit it.

You CANNOT help each other with this. This is a quiz!

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Warm Up

"When do we make decisions in our daily lives?"

Example: What to wear based on weather, which route to take based on traffic

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Boolean Operators

if Statements

• If I don’t come to class, then I won’t learn the material covered in class.
• If I go to bed late, I will oversleep.
• If I practice an instrument, I will get better.

if Statements

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if condition:

# code to run

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if Statements

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If statements

Assignment

• Create two if statements
• One checks the temperature and tells you if you should wear a coat or not.
• One checks to see if the user entered age is of the age of 18 or over

Warm Up

Write out an if statement with a print/output statement.

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Day 2

grade = 85

if grade >= 90:

print("A")

elif grade >= 80:

print("B")

else:

print("Keep trying!")

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Choose Your Own Adventure

Create a choose your adventure game.

# Example:

print("You're at a crossroads.")

choice = input("Go left or right? ")

if choice == "left":

print("You find a treasure!")

elif choice == "right":

print("You meet a friendly dragon!")

else:

print("Invalid choice!")

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Guidelines:

• Must be at least 30 lines of code long.
• Do not only do choices of left and right.
• BE CREATIVE

Warm Up

1. Why do we use elif statements versus only using an if statement?

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• What is the purpose of an else statement?

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Commenting on Code

Nested if, elif, and else statements

Nested if, elif, and else statements

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2.8 Assignment

Weather Activity Recommender Create a program that suggests activities based on:

1. Temperature (in Fahrenheit)

2. Weather condition (sunny, rainy, or snowy)

3. Time of day (morning, afternoon, or evening)

Use this as the starting point for your code.

Warm Up

Guess the Number

What is it?

• A program that picks a secret number
• Lets the player guess the number
• Tells them if their guess is too high or too low
• Keeps track of how many guesses they take

Requirements

Your program must:

• Print a welcome message explaining the game
• Use a pre-set number as the secret number (choose any number between 1-100)
• Ask the player to make a guess

Tell the player if their guess is:

• Too high
• Too low
• Correct!

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Include at least 3 helpful comments explaining your code

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Starter Template

Example output

Grading Rubric (Total: 20 points)

• Working program (8 points)
• Proper use of if/elif/else statements (5 points)
• Clear comments (3 points)
• Welcome message and player instructions (2 points)
• Code organization and readability (2 points)

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Extra Credit(2 Points)

If you finish early, try adding these features:

1. Count the number of guesses
2. Add a maximum number of allowed guesses

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Warm Up

Get laptops set up and on Juicemind.

You can start working on your laptop.

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A teacher will walk around and check in with everyone to see where they are at on the project.

Unit 3

Warm Up

1. What is your daily average of screen time?

Take out your phone and check what your screen time total is in your settings.

• For Iphone go to settings and scroll down to Screen Time.
• For Android, open the Settings app, tap Digital Wellbeing & parental controls, a chart will show your device usage for the day

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• After seeing your daily average, what are your thoughts about this number and the time you are on your phone?

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4 Corners Activity

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The influence of Social Media on young people is good.

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Pick an Article to Read

Pick one of the three articles to read on the topic of social media.

While reading keep the following questions in mind:

• What are the positives of social media?
• What are the negatives of social media?
• What are my personal experiences with using social media?
• Has social media affected other technologies?

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Warm Up

What did you learn about social media from the video we watched and the article we read yesterday? What did you already know that hey reminded you of or affirm?

Activity

Use Reading Protocol to Annotate the Teen Vogue Article About Social Media

Writing

TEAR Paragraph

Describe what some of the potential effects social media can have on teenagers who use it citing evidence from at least 2 of the 3 sources we used in class.

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Explain how people who develop social media applications can be more responsible using evidence from at least 2 of the 3 sources we used in class.

Warm Up

1. What kinds of jobs use programming/computer science?(list 2-3)

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• What level of education do you think you need for a career in computer science?

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Careers and Applications

• Software Developer
• Computer Systems Analyst
• Network Systems Administrator
• Database Administrator
• Web Developer
• Security Analyst

Software Developer

Write the code for applications

• Graphics software for video games
• Banking software
• Software for Amazon applications
• Mobile applications
• Etc.

High Demand

Computer Systems Analyst

Evaluates and optimizes an organization's computer systems

• Finance
• Insurance
• Healthcare

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Understanding of hardware and software, usually does not do hardware or software development.

Network Systems Administrator

Monitor computer networks(Local area networks, wide area networks, etc.)

• Monitor network traffic
• Install firewalls
• Evaluate software and hardware
• Make sure network is easy to access
• Troubleshoot problems

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Database Administrator

Database maintenance and security

• Shipping address
• Username
• Password

Ensure safety and security of databases considering sensitive information.

• Optimize databases
• Deal with breaches/bugs
• Backup Existing information

Web Developer

Focus solely on website development

• Front end programming(What user interacts with)
• HTML,CSS, Javascript
• Back end programming(Processes happening behind the scenes)

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Security Analyst

Protect a companies network from cyber attacks and security breaches.

• Install software(firewalls)
• Run tests to assess how secure a system is

Job Interviews

Write down questions for your three career field interests.

• What degrees?
• Salary?
• Jobs?
• Schools that offer?

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Careers and applications(Day 2)

Areas of Computer Science

• Cryptography
• Computer Graphics
• Bioinformatics

Artificial Intelligence

• Develop Algorithms/Software
• Self driving cars
• Chess robots

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Cryptography

Encrypting information so if someone intercepts it, they will not be able to decipher it.

EX: Password: #14DL;NFS4875839VG

Originally: Mbrummer123!

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Ensure security for internal and external applications

Cybersecurity

• Stopping viruses, malware, etc
• Firewalls, access control, intrusion detection
• Stopping hackers

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Forensic Computer Analyst

-Perform analysis and experimentation on security systems

Bioinformatics

• Develop software used for understanding biological data
• Genetics and Genomics
• Analysis of gene and protein expression
• Simulating DNA, RNA, and protein
• Cancer research

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Need to have knowledge of biology and computer science.

Computer Graphics

Image processing, computer vision

• Special effects(movies/tv)
• Video games
• Graphic Design

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Math/Physics involved

Warm Up

Warm Up:

What kind of jobs do you think people with experience and backgrounds in computer science have?

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What college degree(s)/level of education do you need to have to get a job in the field of computer science?

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Job Review

Look at the job posting and identify all of the key information.

Hard skills - measurable abilities that you learn through education or experience. They are often the foundation of a company, and are necessary to perform a job.

• Coding
• UX design
• Management

Soft skill - personal qualities that you develop over time. They are also known as professional skills.

• Adaptability
• Creative
• Hard working

Warm Up

Warm Up:

1. What do you think of when you hear the term “personal data”?

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• List three types of personal data you've shared online in the past week. Do you know how this data is protected?

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Annotation Guide

Students should:

1. Highlight key terms and their definitions

2. Circle real-world examples

3. Underline specific actions they can take

4. Mark questions or unclear concepts with "?"

5. Put a star (*) next to information they find surprising

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Password Strength

What does a scam email look like?

• You won a prize!
• Debt relief
• Information about packages or purchases
• “You owe…”
• Requests for personal information
• Random email addresses
• Email addresses that look official but are one or two characters off
• Suspicious links

Exit Ticket

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Name one new thing you learned about data security today and one question you still have.

Find Your New Seat

Desk

Board

Aiden/Rafael/Sam

Addison/

Chris/Pryncess

Evelyn/

Sandro

Zion M/

Steven

Mikol/

Afeez

Amaya/

Nashla

Ramya/

Skylah

Alvin/Zion R

Jahvon/

Delan

Sharely/

Joseph

Tiffany/

Analia

Yanilee/

Mariah

Nariyah/

Noah

David

Matthew/

Eddy

Windows

Door

Ryan

Geo

Warm Up

Analyze the sample passwords and rate their strength, explaining your reasoning.

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password123

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P@ssw0rd!2024

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Ilovemydog

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Tr@ff1cL1ght$2024!

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MyB1rthd@y1990!

When you don’t want to do your warm up but you do it anyways because you’re a chill guy

Security Audit Workshop

Think of three accounts you want to check. Use the password check tool that is posted to Juicemind. Enter your password(it will not be saved) and note the strength of the password.

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Account Service:

Strength of password:

How could you improve the password strength?:

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Security Scenarios

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As groups, go through the scenarios and identify the red flags, what immediate actions should be taken, and how would you verify if the threats are legitimate?

Find Your New Seat

Desk

Board

Aiden/Rafael/Sam

Addison/

Chris/Pryncess

Evelyn/

Sandro

Zion M/

Steven

Mikol/

Afeez

Amaya/

Nashla

Ramya/

Skylah

Alvin/Zion R

Jahvon/

Delan

Sharely/

Joseph

Tiffany/

Analia

Yanilee/

Mariah

Nariyah/

Noah

David

Matthew/

Eddy

Windows

Door

Ryan

Geo

Warm Up

Warm Up:

• When you replace your old laptop, where does it go?

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• Many tech companies are building massive data centers. How could the water used to cool these facilities impact local water resources?

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PUk4udSQGE0

Exit Ticket

Three security actions I will take this week:

1. ​
2. ​
3. ​

Why I chose these actions:

seven

Warm up

What do you know about AI?

Have you used AI before? If so, how?

Al is one of the smartest technologies right now. AI is really useful for many things. AI has helped humans in many things such as helping them better their essay. . Another thing that AI has helped out is helping us go to the location we need to be at. AI gives us directions where to go and how to get to your location. AI has helped us with many things even when we have questions on something that we don’t know about or lost about we just have to ask AI. AI gives the answer to everything we need and plus on that if we need an image that is different to any other images they make it for you. AI can create imagine for your liking and make decisions for you and whatever you need.

How does AL help us ?

How can AI be bad?

Ai has many abilities but it can also cause disasters. Ai can cause development issues with data privacy concerns, misplacements and cyber security risks. There are many issues with Ai and it's always good to be alert of them. If Ai itsn’t used the right way the data can be flawed, be impartial or even biased in any way, You’ll struggle with lack of creativity, you can lose your job and even increase lazzines with how much Ai is being used that maily nobody does work by hand.

What happens later on with AI?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FGRAcczxRJw

Read and Annotate

Students should:

1. Highlight key terms and their definitions

2. Circle real-world examples

3. Underline specific actions they can take

4. Mark questions or unclear concepts with "?"

5. Put a star (*) next to information they find surprising

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Warm Up

Warm Up:

• What are some benefits of artificial intelligence?

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• What are some drawbacks/negatives impacts of artificial intelligence?

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The Moral Machine

A self driving car has had a brake malfunction/failure and cannot stop. Choose the lesser of two evils. As an outsider, you must judge which outcome is more acceptable.

When you have answered all 13 scenarios, do not leave the page. Scroll down for your results.

Use those results to answer the questions.

https://www.moralmachine.net/

The Moral Machine

Now that you have analyzed your results, turn to your partner and discuss each others results. Answer the questions in the group discussion section of the worksheet together.

1. Where did you agree or disagree with your classmates?
2. What surprised you about others' perspectives?
3. What principles should guide autonomous vehicle decision-making?

Exit Ticket(back of worksheet)

Choose one field (healthcare, education, environmental protection, etc.) and using the article from the previous class and your discussion from today, analyze how AI might transform your chosen field over the next decade.

Warm Up

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Four Corners

Participation is key!

To receive full participation, you must speak at least TWICE.

AI tutors and virtual assistants will eventually replace human teachers in classrooms.

AI will ultimately replace human workers in most industries and professions.

AI will enhance human capabilities and lead to new opportunities and innovations.

AI should be used for surveillance and monitoring purposes to ensure public safety.

The benefits of AI will be distributed unequally, widening social and economic gaps.

AI will revolutionize the creative industries and produce works of art, music, and literature.

TEAR Paragraph

Write a TEAR paragraph why identifying our own biases and how it relates to artificial intelligence is important. Use the following article as a source.

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https://hdsr.mitpress.mit.edu/pub/qh3dbdm9/release/2

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Unit 4

Warm Up

We are now returning to programming with Python. Think back to print statements.

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What's the difference between:

print("2 + 2")

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print(2 + 2)

Mad Libs

Assignment

Create a mad libs using python. Have the user type in however many entries you decide. Then make a print statement with the user's inputs to create the mad lib. Here are some links to example mad libs you can use or create your own. Also, feel free to make your own.

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Mad Lib 1

Mad Lib 2

Mad Lib 3

Warm Up

1. What is the difference between = and ==?

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• Write an if statement that checks if a number is both even and greater than 10

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Once you have completed the warm up, go to Juicemind and go onto 4.2 Rock Paper Scissors.

DO NOT START THE ASSIGNMENT!!!

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Boolean Operators

If statements

Nested if, elif, and else statements

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Rock Paper Scissors

On Juicemind, a majority of the program is already created. You need to use if/else statements to code the outcomes. Write the code under the #comments for the potential outcomes of each choice.

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Pay attention to indentation!

Warm Up

1. Describe how a loop(for/while loop) works in python. Be sure to use the following words in your description: loop, condition, input, output

For Loops

Assignment

Create a for loop that does the following:

# Ask user for their age

# Print that many * symbols on one line

# Print "Happy Birthday!" below

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# Example output for age 5:

# * * * * * # Happy Birthday!

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Warm Up

1. Why do we use “for loops”?
2. Give an idea on how for loops are used in real life.

Assignment

Create a 3 line code that outputs a multiplication table.

Use this code to help you.

Assignment

Once you have submitted your code, complete the check for understanding on the google classroom assignment; 4.4 For Loops

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MAKE SURE TO TURN IN THE ASSIGNMENT AFTER COMPLETING

Warm Up

• What is the purpose of a “for loop”?
• Write out an example for loop. Be sure to use proper indentation.

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Lists in Python

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• Lists are used to store multiple items in a single variable
• Lists are used to store collections of data
• To create a list you need to use Square Brackets [ ]
• Use single quotation marks to identify each item of the list
• Lists are ordered items and the order/place of each item starts from zero
• See the next slide for an example of a list

Example of a list called Colors and one item printed

More about Lists…

• Lists have a length and we will use the length function to print the length (total number of items in a particular list)
• The function to determine the length of lists is len( )
• See the next slide for an example of how to print the length of a list and how to print all the elements/items of a list

For Loops and Lists

For this lesson, create 3 different lists of your choice:

• Each list can have different number of items (your choice) but no less than 4 items
• Each list can be of a different topic. For example my list is based on colors.
• Don’t use Colors as one of your lists since I already used it
• For each list print one or two items , your choice, print the length of the list and print all the items of the list
• 1 loop must use a for loop

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Warm Up

• What is special about lists(Keep in mind how variables use lists)?

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• Write an example list with at least 3 items in the list.

TYPES OF LISTS

• STRING LISTS

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• INTEGER LISTS

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• BOOLEAN LISTS

For this lesson, create 4 different lists (One for each type), and one where you mix elements of different types:

• Each list can have different number of items (your choice) but no less than 4 items
• Each list can be of a different topic. For example my list is based on colors.
• Don’t use Colors as one of your lists since I already used it
• For each list print one item of your choice, print the length of the list and print all the items of the list
• For two of the lists, use an if statement to see if an item exists in the list

While Loops

Warm Up

• What is something you did over the break that you enjoyed?

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• What does a for loop do in python?

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• What is the purpose of an if/elif/else statement?

TURTLE LIBRARY/MODULE

Using turtle in Python

To be able to draw/create graphics in python, we can use the turtle library.

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Importing libraries allows us to do more than what the base code of python allows us to.

Assignment 4.8 - Replit

• Create a square of a different size from what is provided on the example
• Create two other shapes of your choice using the square example
• In total you will have three different shapes

Warm Up

• What is the name of the library we use to draw in python?

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• What do the functions forward and backward do?

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• What do the functions right and left do?

Assignment 4.9 - More Turtle Commands

• Create 4 different shapes of your choice
• Make sure shapes don’t touch/intersect each other (Hint: Use penup and pendown commands)
• Make sure your screen has a background color and a title

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Warm Up

• Describe what the “goto” function does when using the turtle library.

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• Describe what the “penup()” and “pendown()” functions do when using the turtle library.

Assignment 4.10 - Using Turtle Commands to Make a House

• Use Turtle Commands to make a house of your own.
• Your house must include a the body of the house, a roof, at least two windows, and a door.
• You roof and windows can be any shape you would like.
• Use the penup, pendown, and goto commands to place the individual shapes of your house.
• Make sure your screen has a background color and a title

Warm Up

• The marking period ends this Friday. Reflect on this past marking period. What could you have done differently and what are you going to do in the next marking period?

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4.11 Olympic Rings

-Import turtle.

-Create the screen.

-Initialize our variable to draw.

-Use the penup,goto, and pendown functions to move drawings.

OR

4.11 Olympic Rings

Create the olympic rings in Juicemind.

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Each ring should be a different color as shown in the photo.

Make Up Day

Most grades are now fully input. Check your grades. What are you missing? What do you need help with?

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If you have completed everything, move around the room and check in with other students to see if you can help

Spring Semester

Semester Outline

Expectations

Questions?

Warm Up

1. How was the first day of the second semester?

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• What are you looking forward to in computer science this semester?

Functions

A function is a block of code which only runs when it is called.

You can pass data, known as parameters, into a function.

A function can return data as a result.

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Functions

Functions

Functions

Functions

Assignment

Complete the curse function. It accepts a weapon_damage parameter and returns two values:

1. The lesser_cursed damage: reduce the input weapon_damage from 100% to 50% (50% reduction).
2. The greater_cursed damage: reduce the input weapon_damage from 100% to 25% (75% reduction).

A greater curse is more powerful than a lesser curse, so it reduces the damage more.

30% of 50 is 50 * 0.3

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Warm Up

• How was the first day of the second semester?

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• What are you looking forward to in computer science this semester?

Warm Up

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Login to Juicemind and go to the assignment named Pong

Pong

The Evolution of Video Games: Pong's 50-Year Legacy

Warm Up

1. What trip did you go on? What was the best part of the trip?

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• What have we programmed so far in pong?

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• What do you think the next step is?

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Warm Up

Unit 6

Warm Up

What did you do over the break?

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Think about your phone or any other electronic device you own. How do you think it works? What do you think is happening inside the device for it to operate?

Electronics

• What are we going to learn?
• What are we going to do?
• What is the point?

Scientific Notation

Multiplying by 10, 100, or 1000 in the following problems just means to add the number of zeroes to the number being multiplied. This is because our number system is based on 10. The chart above shows the powers of 10 you are most likely to encounter in your science studies.

1. 35 x 10 → 35 + 0 → 350

2. 6 x 100 → 6 + 0 + 0 → 600

3. 925 x 10 → 925 + 0 → 9,250

4. 42 x 1000 → 42 + 0 + 0 + 0 → 42,000

5. 691 x 1000 → 691 + 0 + 0 + 0 → 691,000

Scientific Notation

Scientific Notation

Places to right of the decimal point are called decimal fractions. The negative exponents shown under the negative exponents shown under the Exponents column above tell you to divide by that number.

Examples:

10^-1 = 1/10 = .1

10^-2 = 1/102 = 1/100 = .01

10^-3 = 1/103 = 1/1000 = .001

Scientific Notation

Ohm’s Law

German Scientist Georg Ohm studied the amount of current and voltage flowing

through various conductors and discovered the mathematical relationship between

them. His findings became known as Ohm’s Law.

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Ohm’s law is a mathematical equation that describes the relationship between

voltage, current, and resistance. This equation will help you understand how electric

circuits work. To understand Ohm’s law, you’ll need to look further at the concepts

of voltage, current, and resistance.

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Ohm’s Law

Voltage is the pressure from an electrical circuit power source that pushes charged electrons (current) through a conducting loop. Voltage is measured in volts(V).

Electrical current is measured in amperes (A) or amps, for short, and it is the rate of flow of electrical charge past a given point in a circuit. In other words, it is the movement of electrons along a conductor.

The third concept in this equation is resistance, which is a measure of the opposition to current flow in a circuit. As electrons travel through a wire in a circuit, they encounter resistance. Resistance is measured in ohms, abbreviated by the Greek letter omega.

Ohm’s Law

To Find Voltage To Find Current To Find Resistance

Warm Up

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Express #1 as scientific notation. I.e. # x 10^x

1. 45,000 = __________

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Express #2 as a standard form number.

2. 23 × 10⁵ = _________

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Solve the word problem using ohm’s law.

3. A CD player with a resistance of 40 ohms has a current of

0.1 amps flowing through it. What is the voltage in volts?

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Resistors

Annotation questions:

What does the gold band represent?

What does the first band represent?

What does the second band represent?

What does the third band represent?

Resistor Color Code Chart

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Tolerance: Gold +/- 5% Silver +/- 10% none +/- 20%

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Using the international color code above, give the value of the following resistors given the colors.

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1. brown, black, orange _____________________________________________

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2. blue, gray, brown _____________________________________________

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Give the color code of the following resistors

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1. 1,500 ohm _____________________________________________

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2. 1,000,000 ohm _____________________________________________

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Warm Up

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A circuit has a voltage of 120V and a current of 0.8 amps. What is the resistance across a resistor?

What is the color code of the resistor?

Series circuits have only one path for the electricity to flow. If any part of a series circuit is broken, the circuit fails. If either light is unscrewed both lights will turn off.

Current

Current is moving electrons, moving charge.

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Increasing current causes more electricity to move through a device.

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Increasing electricity through a device causes it to work faster(like a motor) or brighter(in a lightbulb).

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Voltage

Voltage is electrical potential: how much work a battery can do.

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To increase voltage you could use a stronger battery OR add batteries.

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More voltage is like a stronger pump, giving more force and more current.

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Resistance

Resistance slows down current. Think of resistance like a dam holding back water.

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Adding devices in a circuit increases resistance.

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Ohm’s Law in a Circuit

Warm Up

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What is a series circuit?

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Draw the schematic symbol for a resistor.

Draw a simple series circuit with a battery and three resistors. Label the direction of current flow. What do you predict happens to the current as it flows through each resistor? What about the voltage?

What happens in a circuit?

Current in a series circuit

Key concept: In a series circuit, the current is the same at all points

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Explanation: Since there's only one path for electrons to flow, the same number of electrons must pass through each component

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Formula: I₁ = I₂ = I₃ = ... = I_total

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Real-world application: Like water flowing through a single pipe - the flow rate is constant throughout

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What happens in a circuit?

Voltage in a series circuit

Key concept: In a series circuit, the total voltage is divided among the components

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Explanation: Each resistor creates a voltage drop proportional to its resistance

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Formula: V^total = V¹ + V² + V³ + …..

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Real-world application: Holiday lights used to work in series (one bulb burns out, whole string goes dark)

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What happens in a circuit?

Resistance in a series circuit

Key concept: In a series circuit, resistances add together

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Explanation: Each resistor or component adds resistance to the circuit.

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Formula: R^total = R¹ + R² + R³ + …..

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Calculating Values with Ohm’s Law

A series circuit contains three resistors (10Ω, 15Ω, and 25Ω) connected to a 12V battery.

Calculate the total resistance

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Calculate the current through the circuit

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Calculate the voltage drop across each resistor

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Warm Up

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1. If a current is 1.0 amps in a circuit, what will the current be across each component?

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• If you have two resistors in a circuit and a voltage of 3 volts, what will the voltage drop be across each component?

Resistor Color Code Chart

Warm Up

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• Draw a series circuit. Include a battery and two resistors.
• Label the battery and resistors.
• Draw an arrow for the flow of current.

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• What does the word parallel mean?

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What is a Parallel Circuit

A parallel circuit is an electrical circuit that has multiple paths for electric current to flow. This allows each branch of the circuit to operate independently.

• Components are connected across the same two points
• Each component provides a separate path for current
• All components share the same voltage
• Current divides among the branches

Parallel Circuits

Compare electric circuits to water pipes

• Main pipe (battery) branches into multiple pipes (parallel paths)
• Water pressure (voltage) is the same in each branch
• Water flow (current) divides among branches
• Thinner pipes (higher resistance) allow less water flow

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Voltage in Parallel

The voltage is the same across all components in parallel.

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Current in Parallel

The total current equals the sum of currents through each branch

Resistance in Parallel

The equivalent resistance is always less than the smallest individual resistance

Formulas in a Parallel Circuit

Example

Ohm's Law Application

For each component: I = V/R

Total current: I_total = I₁ + I₂ + I₃ + ...

Expanded form: I_total = V/R₁ + V/R₂ + V/R₃ + ...

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Equivalent Resistance

Formula: 1/R_eq = 1/R₁ + 1/R₂ + 1/R₃ + ...

For two resistors only: R_eq = (R₁ × R₂)/(R₁ + R₂)

Note: The equivalent resistance is always less than the smallest individual resistance

Warm Up

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• In a parallel circuit, how does the voltage across each component compare to the source voltage?

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• In a parallel circuit, how does the total current compare to the individual branch currents?

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Safety Concerns and Procedures

Safety Agreement

Read and Sign the Safety Agreement

Safety Check for Understanding

LED Polarity

Designing our First Circuit

3/14 - Finish Lab Packet

If you are done, use this schematic and try to build the circuit.

Warm Up

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List at least 5 electronic devices:

What is a capacitor?

A capacitor is a two-terminal, electrical component that can:

• charge electric charge
• store electric charge
• discharge electric charge

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How Capacitors Work

When current flows into a capacitor, negative charges (electrons) build up on one plate, making it negatively charged. This causes the other plate to become positively charged. This separation of charge creates an electric potential (voltage).

Units and Ratings

The standard unit of capacitance is the farad, abbreviated as F.

Most capacitors you'll encounter have values in the range of:

• pico-farads (10^-12)
• micro-farads (10^-6)

Why is the voltage rating important for a capacitor?

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Basic Structure of a Capacitor

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Label the parts of this capacitor diagram and schematic:

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Reflection Questions

Exit Ticket

Warm Up

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What can happen to capacitors if the voltage rating is exceeded?

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What is a Transistor

A transistor is a fundamental electronic component, a semiconductor device, that amplifies or switches electronic signals and electrical power, acting as a tiny switch or amplifier.

Transistors

Base

Collector

Emitter

The emitter and collector can change places. The emitter is the end with the arrow

Base

Emitter

Collector

Transistors

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VnlFVL0hW_M

Exit Ticket

Building a Capacitor - Warm Up

Read the first page of the packet

Warm Up

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1. What do you think of when you hear the word "electricity"? How has it changed our world?

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• What might be the difference between an inventor and a businessman?

Reading and Annotation Questions

Read the article. When you are done, answer the questions on the last page.

Tesla Demo

What do you see?

What do you hear?

What do you smell?

Check for Understanding

Answer the questions on the last page.

Warm Up

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• Have you ever used a "secret code" to communicate with friends or family? What made it effective or ineffective?

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• Why do you think people throughout history have needed ways to keep their communications private? Can you think of any historical examples?

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Reading and Annotation

Annotation Questions

1. What are the two Greek root words that form the term "cryptography," and what do they mean?

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• What historical example of an early cipher is mentioned in the text, and who used it?

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• According to the reading, name three everyday applications where modern cryptography is used.

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• What are the two main categories of cryptographic systems mentioned in the last paragraph?

Cesar Cipher

Cesar Cipher

The Caesar cipher is one of the simplest and most widely known encryption techniques. It works by shifting each letter right in the plaintext by a fixed number of positions down the alphabet. For example, with a shift of 3, A becomes D, B becomes E, and so on.

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Encode - To encode each message, shift each letter to the right of the alphabet by the number it says to encode.

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Shift 1

Plaintext: Computer Science is Fun

Ciphertext:

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Decode - To decode each message, we go backwards. Shift each letter the number of shifts to the left of the alphabet.

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Shift 3:

Ciphertext: PRUQLQJ URXWLQH

Plaintext:

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Cesar Cipher

Pigpen Cipher

The cipher works by arranging the alphabet in grids:

• The first nine letters (A-I) go in a 3×3 grid
• The next nine letters (J-R) go in another 3×3 grid (often with dots added)
• The final eight letters (S-Z) are placed in the sections of two X shapes

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Ciphertext:

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Plaintext:

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Pigpen Cipher

Exit Ticket

Pick one of the ciphers we practiced today. Write the plaintext version and the encrypted version of it. The code should be at least two words or 10 characters long.

Warm Up

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Atbash Cipher

Atbash cipher is a substitution cipher with just one specific key where all the letters are reversed that is A to Z and Z to A. It was originally used to encode the Hebrew alphabets but it can be modified to encode any alphabet.

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Plaintext: Capacitor

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Ciphertext:

Morse Code

Morse code is a telecommunications method which encodes text characters as standardized sequences of two different signal durations, called dots and dashes, or dits and dahs. When writing out morse code, you can place a line or | in between letters.

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Plaintext: Pizza

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Ciphertext:

SIT WITH YOUR GROUP MEMBERS.

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Fill out your paper with

the group members names

and group number

MAKE-UP DAY

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Complete any past due assignments.

Work with classmates if you need help.

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Check Google classroom for what you are missing.

Welcome Back!

Go to Figuro.io and make an account(DO NOT SIGN IN WITH GOOGLE)

The link is on google classroom.

You can use your student email but remember, your password will not change if you change your student account password. It is a separate account.

What is Next?

You will need your LAPTOP AND CHARGER EVERYDAY!

Project Format

• Select a subject of personal interest to model in 3D
• Research the subject thoroughly (measurements, reference images, etc.)
• Create initial concept sketches
• Develop a 3D model using Figuro
• Render final images/animations
• Prepare and deliver a 3-5 minute presentation

POP QUIZ

GO TO THIS LINK

Make an account

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app.sketchup.com/app

bphscs.com

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Warm Up

• Submit any 3d models that have not been completed.

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• Go to JDoodle, link is on classroom.
• You can make an account. If you DO NOT make an account. Your files will NOT auto save. You will have to save and open files manually.

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What is a Website?

Websites are made of code that tells your browser what to show

Two main languages create most of what you see online:

• HTML (structure)
• CSS (appearance)

Think of a website like a house:

• HTML is like the frame and walls (structure)
• CSS is like the paint and decorations (style)

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What Makes A Website

HyperText Markup Language

Uses "tags" to organize content on a webpage

Tells the browser what each piece of content is

Tags look like this: <tag>content</tag>

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Select “Start Coding”

Type in HTML to the language

HTML Syntax

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

<h1>My First Webpage</h1>

</head>

<body>

My name is Mr. Brummer and I like to make things.

</body>

</html>

Common HTML Tags

<h1>Heading 1</h1> - Main heading

<h2>Heading 2</h2> - Subheading

<p>This is a paragraph.</p> - Paragraph of text

<ul><li>Item 1</li><li>Item 2</li></ul> - Bullet list

<a href="https://example.com">Link</a> - Hyperlink

<img src="photo.jpg" alt="Description"> - Image

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HTML Practice

Create an "About Me" page with:

1. A heading with your name
2. A paragraph about yourself
3. A list of your favorite things
4. A link to a website you like

Remember to save your file with the .html extension!

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Warm Up

Login to JDoodle(link on classroom)

Complete your About Me website assigned yesterday.

What is CSS?

Cascading Style Sheets

Controls how HTML elements look

Changes colors, sizes, fonts, spacing, and more

Makes websites visually appealing

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Example

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

<style>

CSS PROPERTIES

</style>

<h1>My First Webpage</h1>

</head>

<body>

My name is Mr. Brummer and I like to make things.

</body>

</html>

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How CSS Works

CSS uses a simple pattern:

css

selector {

property: value;

}

Example:

css

p {

color: blue;

}

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Ways to Add CSS

Inline CSS (directly in a tag):� html�<p style="color: blue;">Blue text</p>�

Internal CSS (in the head section):� html�<head>

<style>

p { color: blue; }

</style>

</head>

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Basic CSS Properties

color: red; - Text color

background-color: yellow; - Background color

font-size: 20px; - Text size

font-family: Arial, sans-serif; - Font type

text-align: center; - Text alignment

border: 2px solid black; - Add a border

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Add style to your "About Me" page

1. Add a <style> section in the <head>
2. Change your heading color
3. Add a background color to the page
4. Center your name
5. Add a border around your list

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Divider

Each item(paragraph, h1, list) will have a div class.

<div class = “color”>

<li>item 1 </li>

<li>item 2 </li>

<li>item 3 </li>

</div>

5/19 - Check-Ins

Go onto JDoodle and pull up progress on Computer Scientist website.

I will be meeting with each student individually to see progress and help.