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Chapter 12

Western Europe

Chapter 10, Section

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Section 1: Greece and Italy

Chapter 12: Western Europe

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Greece

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  • Greece began as a series of independent city-states.

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  • It was in the Eastern half of the Roman empire known as the Byzantine Empire.

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  • Greece has lived under foreign rule for over 2000 years.

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  • When the Byzantine Empire fell, they became part of the Ottoman Empire.

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Greece

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  • Greece broke from the Ottoman Empire in 1829 and became an independent nation.

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  • It started as a monarchy.

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  • In 1967, the military seized control.

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  • Since 1973, Greece has had a parliamentary democracy.

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Greece

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  • Most Greeks share the same ethnic background, language, and religion.
    • Speak Greek
    • Belong to the Greek Orthodox Church.

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  • Every major town has a patron saint and they celebrate with an annual festival.

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  • About 2/3 of the people live in the cities.

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Greece

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  • Greece has a president, who mostly has ceremonial duties.

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  • The country is governed by the prime minister, the cabinet, and the parliament.

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  • Voting is compulsory, or required.
    • Failing to vote is against the law.

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  • Greece is part of the EU, but is behind other countries in regards to its economy.

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Italy

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  • After the Western Roman Empire fell, Italy split into many small kingdoms.

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  • They have been independent, and under the rule of France, Austria, and Spain.

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  • In 1796, France conquered much of the Italian Peninsula.

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  • Italians saw the benefits of unity and started to work towards independence.

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Italy

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  • In 1861, Italian patriots succeeded in unifying Italy.

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  • In the early 1920s, Benito Mussolini took control of the government and promoted fascism.
    • Fascism – a political system based upon fierce nationalism and a strong central government led by a dictator.

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  • During World War II, Italy fought on the side of Germany.

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Italy

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  • Mussolini was forced out and killed as he tried to escape Italy.

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  • In 1946, Italy replaced the monarchy with democracy.

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  • Italian is the official language, and is considered a Romance language.
    • Romance languages come from Latin and are spoken in places part of the Roman Empire.

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Italy

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  • Most Italians are Roman Catholic.
    • The religious center of the church is the Vatican. It is located in Italy.

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  • Italy has become more diverse with immigration.

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  • Italy has changed from a rural, agricultural nation to an urban society.

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Italy

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  • Northern Italy is richer with more manufacturing.

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  • Southern Italy has more agricultural

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  • Italy is a parliamentary democracy.
    • Italians elect ¾ of the members. The rest are assigned through a complex system.

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  • A prime minister heads the government.

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Italy

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  • Italy has so many parties, leaders have to form a coalition.

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  • Italy has changed over to a prosperous industrial nation.

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  • It is a member of the European Union.

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  • Milan is world famous for its fashion shows.

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Chapter 10, Section

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Homework

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  • Read P. 362 -367

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  • Answer #2-8

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Chapter 10, Section