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THEMES IN WORLD HISTORY

THEME-6

THE THREE ORDERS

PART-3

THE FIRST ORDER-THE CLERGY

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CONTENT

    • The Pope
    • The Bishops
    • The Clerics
    • The Priests

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The Pope

  • The pope was the head of the western church.
  • He lived in the Rome.

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The Bishops

  • Guiding the Christians in the Europe.
  • Religious Nobility.
  • Owned vast land estates.
  • Use of vast land estates.
  • Lived in the grand palaces.

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The Clerics

  • Who lived amongst people in towns and villages.

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The Priest

  • He was the head of village church.
  • Most villages had their own church.
  • He delivered sermons to the villagers in Sunday prayers.
  • The Priests could not marry.

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  • Followings could not become the Priest.
    • Serfs
    • Physically Challenged
    • Women

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The Catholic Church

  • Own laws
  • Own lands
  • Money to the churches
    • Levying the taxes like Tithe which was a tenth of agriculture produce
    • Endowments made by the rich people
  • Very powerful institution
  • Did not depend upon on the king

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Feudal Culture that found the way into the practice of the Church

  • The act of kneeling while praying with hands clasped and head bowed.
  • The use of the term lord for god

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The Monks

  • Some deeply religious people
  • Chose to live in isolation

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Monasteries

  • Monasteries or abbeys
  • The religious communities living in the isolation
  • All abbeys were single sex communities
  • An abbot
  • Was the head of the monastery
  • Two well known monasteries
  • St. Benedict in Italy in 529
  • Cluny in the burgundy in 910

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The rise of The Monasteries

  • From small communities of 10 or 20 men/women to several hundred

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SMALL MONASTERY

LARGE MONASTERY

10-20 Men/Women

Several Hundred

Men/Women

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Features of Monasteries

Features of the Monasteries

Large Buildings

Landed States

Schools & Colleges

Hospitals

Arts

Singers

Musicians

Friars

1. Large buildings

2. Landed estates

3. Attached schools and colleges

4. Hospitals

5. Development of arts

6. Community singing of prayers

7. Musicians

8. Friars

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Rules of Monasteries

  • Monks were not suppose to speak.
  • Humility means obedience.
  • Monks could not own the property.
  • Idleness is the enemy to the soul.
  • The monastery supposed to be self sufficient.

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Criticism of the Monasteries

  • By the fourteenth century, there was a growing uncertainty about the value and purpose of Monasticism.

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  • Langland’s poem ‘Piers plowman’ contrasted the ease and luxury of some monks with the simple life of ploughman, shepherds and poor common laborers.

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  • Chaucer wrote the ‘Canterbury Tales’ which had the comic portraits of a Nun, a Monk and a Friar.

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The Church and The Society

  • Christmas:
    • Jesus Christ’s birthday
    • Celebrated on 25th December
    • It replaced and old pre Roman Festival calculated as per the solar calendar.

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The Church and The Society

  • Easter:
    • It marked the crucifixion of the Christ
    • His rising from the dead
    • It replaced the older festival based on Lunar Calendar.

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The Church and The Society

  • Pilgrimage:
    • An important part of a Christian’s life.
    • Many people went on long journeys to the shrines of martyrs or to the big Churches.

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  • Parish:
    • The Area under the supervision of one Priest.
  • Holiday:
    • The day meant for the prayer.
    • People were not expected to work on that day.