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Notes for Teachers

Context: This lesson takes place in a classroom or computer lab for two 50- minutes class periods.

List of Materials

1-to-1 computer/chromebook or Ipad
Scratch account for each student (optional but recommended)
Pencil and paper

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Arizona Standards

Computer Science

Algorithms & Programming

7 & 8 AP.C.1: Design & develop programs that combine control structures including nested loops and compound conditionals.

7 & 8 AP.M.2: Create procedures with parameters to organize code and make it easier to reuse.

Math

7.NS.A Apply and extend previous understanding of operations with fractions to add, subtract, multiply, and divide rational numbers except division by zero.

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Objective(s):

- Students will understand the concept of integers and their placement on the number line.

- Students will be able to add and subtract integers using strategies learned through scratch.mit.edu activities.

- Students will apply their knowledge of integers to real-world scenarios involving positive and negative quantities.

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Agenda (Day 1 - 55 minutes)

Review adding and subtracting Integers
Remind students or the specific rules for adding & subtracting integers
Give students time to explore previously-created Scratch programs.

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Agenda (Day 2 - 55 minutes)

1. Review the concept of adding and subtracting integers with the class, providing examples and having students solve some problems on the board or in their notebooks.

2. Explain the rules for adding and subtracting integers:

- Adding two positive integers results in a positive sum.

- Adding two negative integers results in a negative sum.

- Adding a positive and a negative integer is similar to subtraction, and the sign of the greater absolute value is used.

- Subtracting an integer is the same as adding its opposite.

3. Introduce Scratch blocks related to addition and subtraction of numbers:

- "change [variable] by [value]" block for updating variables.

- "set [variable] to [value]" block for initializing variables.

- "if...else" blocks to handle different cases based on positive or negative results.

4. Model the process of adding and subtracting integers using Scratch on the board, demonstrating how to use the blocks for arithmetic operations.

5. Provide students with a Scratch project starter file or template that includes some basic tasks involving adding and subtracting integers.

6. Have students work individually or in pairs to complete the tasks using Scratch.

7. Encourage creativity and challenge students to create interactive stories or games that involve adding and subtracting integers in various scenarios.

8. Circulate the classroom to assist students, answer questions, and provide feedback on their projects.

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Coding what is it? What can you do with it?

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Hands-on Activity Instructions

Day 1

Introduction to Integers and Scratch Programming**
Begin the lesson by reviewing the concept of positive and negative numbers. Explain that integers include both positive and negative whole numbers and zero.
Discuss real-life examples of positive and negative numbers, such as temperature (above or below zero), elevation (above or below sea level), and money (gaining or losing money).
Introduce Scratch programming to the students, explaining that it is a visual programming language where they can create interactive stories, games, and animations.
If students don't have Scratch accounts, assist them in creating one, or alternatively, you can create a class account for collaborative work.
Demonstrate how to search for relative games, stories, or animations.

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Hands-on Activity Instructions

Day 2

Adding and Subtracting Integers with Scratch
Review the concept of adding and subtracting integers with the class.
Introduce Scratch blocks related to addition and subtraction of numbers:

- "change [variable] by [value]" block for updating variables.

- "set [variable] to [value]" block for initializing variables.

- "if...else" blocks to handle different cases based on positive or negative results.

Model the process of adding and subtracting integers using Scratch on the board, demonstrating how to use the blocks for arithmetic operations.
Provide students with a Scratch project starter file or template that includes some basic tasks involving adding and subtracting integers.
Have students work individually or in pairs to complete the tasks using first a paper to plan out their project and the Scratch.
Encourage creativity and challenge students to create interactive stories or games that involve adding and subtracting integers in various scenarios.
Circulate the classroom to assist students, answer questions, and provide feedback on their projects.

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Assessment

Formative: Check that each Sprite, story, game, and/or animations work correctly.

Summative: Does the final product work and meet the criteria?

Does the student have a plan on paper for their creation?

Students can complete a self-reflection at the end of the lesson.

Example questions:

What were the most significant insights or lessons learned?

How can you apply what you learned to future coding activities?

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Differentiation

Provide students with a template to follow for Scratch.

Create a word wall with key vocabulary and image for students to reference.

Provide additional video resources on how to work within Scratch.

Strategically pair students as needed.

Remediation

Extension/Enrichment

Students can create a Flip or Google Slides presentation to document what they learned.

Students can create a different game in Scratch and explain it to the class.