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Glucagon, Insulin, and Blood Sugar Patterns

Blood Sugar

Insulin

Glucagon

Interpretation

Low

Low

High

Healthy hypoglycemia response (normal counter-regulation)

Low

Normal

High

Early autonomic dysfunction or impaired glucagon response (e.g., T1D)

High

High

Low

Typical insulin resistance (glucagon suppression intact)

High

Low

High

Hepatic insulin resistance (excess glucagon driving glucose release)

Normal

Normal

Normal

Balanced metabolic regulation

High

High

High

Glucagon excess with insulin resistance (e.g., NAFLD, metabolic syndrome)

Normal

High

Low

Post-prandial or insulin-dominant state (e.g., insulin therapy)