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Native with�Kotlin/Native

_

Eugene Petrenko

eugene.petrenko@jetbrains.com

@jonnyzzz

JetBrains, @jonnyzzz, JB KTUG SPB 2019

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Now First Class Supported on Android!

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@jonnyzzz

Eugene Petrenko

JetBrains, Kotlin user, PhD, https://jonnyzzz.com

Kotlin, Java, Go, C/C++, Qt, Server-side, Desktop, DSLs!

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Kotlin Targets

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Kotlin/JVM 1.6+

100% Java Interop
Mix Java/Kotlin in one module
Copy-paste conversion
Gradle, Maven, Ant, Command line

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Kotlin/Android

Officially Supported
Android KTX

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Kotlin/JS

Transpile to JavaScript
Readable
dynamic and JS interop

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Kotlin/Native ❤ LLVM

No Virtual Machine!
Targets

iOS / Android
Windows, Linux, Mac
Small Devices

Native with a higher order language

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No Virtual Machine

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Kotlin/Native Memory

Reference Counting with �Cycles collector
memScoped { }

to allocate native memory

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fun part

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data:image/png;base64,...

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Data URI

Embed images into the code
<img src=”data:...” />
![](data:...)

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The Screenshot Tool

naming is HARD :)�

github.com/jonnyzzz/kotlin-native-clipboard

github icon CC 3.0 BY. : https://www.flaticon.com/free-icon/github-logo_25231

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How it works?

Take a screenshot

CMD+SHIFT+4 on macOS

Run the tool

it replaces image with the URI

Paste Data URI

into markdown or HTML

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Let’s do Native Tool

Starts faster
Direct access to OS APIs
No need for AWT, Swing, Qt, JRE, etc
One standalone binary file

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Why Kotlin/Native?

A higher order language
Code-reuse with other Kotlin code
Easy interop with C/Swift/Obj-C
Platform independent language

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The Tool Run Example

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macOS API

Objective-C/Swift API
Clipboard === Pasteboard

NSPasteboard
NSData

https://developer.apple.com/documentation/appkit/nspasteboard

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Kotlin/Native

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Kotlin/Native

Included into �Kotlin releases as Beta
LLVM based
No Virtual Machine!

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Produces

Executable
Static, Dynamic, Shared libraries
C, Objective-C/Swift Frameworks
klib

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Consumes

Static, Dynamic, Shared libraries

C include files

Framework

C, Objective-C include files
Swift (via Objective-C interop)

klib

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Static vs Shared Libraries

C or Objective-C ABI
included into the binary
loaded at runtime
DLL / JAR / SO hell to find a version

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Platform Libraries

Kotlin/Native comes with pre-imported popular platform libraries

C
Objective-C/Swift

cinterop

to import custom libraries

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Including�Image Info

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https://twitter.com/ProfFeynman/status/1099030726765363200

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Image Info Example

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Image Info Example

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Did you see a Y2K compliant library?

Year 2000 problem with dates support�We will use one soon :)

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libpng

24 years old C library

Y2K compliant

Download and Build

./configure && make install --prefix=jo

Link static (along with zlib)

http://www.libpng.org/pub/png/libpng.html

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Import with cinterop

Import png.h into Kotlin/Native
Use Kotlin code next

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The Pipeline

png.h

.klib

*.kt

cinterop

libpng

Kotlin/Native

executable

linker

libz

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libpng from Kotlin/Native

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Powered by libpng

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Loading PNG from Memory

libpng defaults to FILE*
Configure via� png_set_read_fn function
Need a C-function pointer

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png_set_read_fn

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png_set_read_fn

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png_set_read_fn

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png_set_read_fn params

png structure pointer
void* context
function pointer to a reader func�png struct pointer�byte* + size-to-read

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Registering a callback

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C Function Pointer

Use staticCFunction { .. }
No use local variables inside lambda
Kotlin/Native generates the static function

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void* context - Kotlin

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void* context - towards C

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void* context - recover

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The Whole Picture

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PNG Load Completed

cinterop to import png.h
pass C function pointer to read data from memory
use StableRef<T>

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The Pipeline

png.h

.klib

*.kt

cinterop

libpng

Kotlin/Native

executable

linker

libz

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https://twitter.com/ProfFeynman/status/1099030726765363200

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The Screenshot Tool

naming is HARD :)�

github.com/jonnyzzz/kotlin-native-clipboard

github icon CC 3.0 BY. : https://www.flaticon.com/free-icon/github-logo_25231

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C Interop Gems

staticCFunction { .. }
memScoped { .. }

alloc<T> or cValue<T>

StableRef<T>

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Project Setup�Tooling

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IDEA Project

Gradle Kotlin DSL
Standard IDEA features
Supported in

Android Studio
IntelliJ, CLion, AppCode

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Simple Native Executable

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https://github.com/jonnyzzz/kotlin-native-clipboard

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Useful Gradle Tasks

Call Gradle from IDE

runDebugExecutable<TARGET>
runReleaseExecutable<TARGET>

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Template Projects

Gradle Kotlin DSL scripts

for Multiplatform (MPP)
for Kotlin/Native

Contribute your templates!

github.com/jonnyzzz/kotlin-native-mpp-template

github icon CC 3.0 BY. : https://www.flaticon.com/free-icon/github-logo_25231

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Kotlin multiplatform plugin?

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Multiplatform

Share common code

Business logic, Utilities, UI-core, DTO

Use platform for the rest

UI, API, Frameworks

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Multiplatform Kotlin

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JS in JVM�JVM in JS�Native in JS

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Kotlin/Common src

actual & expect

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expect & actual

common

*.kt

expect fun

expect class

...

platform

*.kt

actual fun

actual class

...

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*.kt�

common

expect ...

*.kt, *.java, *.jar

JVM

actual...

*.kt, *.js, NPM

JS

actual...

*.kt, C, Swift, Framework

Native

actual...

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Framework

common

*.kt

expect fun

expect class

...

Kotlin/Native

*.kt

actual fun

actual class

...

compiled

�framework

�Apple Logo - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Apple_logo_black.svg

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What to expect?

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Kotlin Fractals App

github.com/jonnyzzz/kotlin-fractals

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M = Mandelbrot set

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandelbrot_set

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Kotlin

Native

App

❤

Console

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Kotlin

Native

App

❤

iOS

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Template Projects

Gradle Kotlin DSL scripts

for Multiplatform (MPP)
for Kotlin/Native

Contribute your templates!

github.com/jonnyzzz/kotlin-native-mpp-template

github icon CC 3.0 BY. : https://www.flaticon.com/free-icon/github-logo_25231

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Useful Links

kotlinlang.org

try.kotlinlang.org and Kotlin Koans

Slack: slack.kotl.in

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expect fun

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Q & A

_

tweet me �@jonnyzzz

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Fractals App Parts

JVM server
JS frontend
iOS App
Native console app

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Kotlin common code

actual / expect

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Kotlin/Common

reuse code between platforms
expect and actual keywords
Multiplatform (MPP)

Projects
Libraries

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expected / actual

common

*.kt

expect fun

expect class

...

platform

*.kt

actual fun

actual class

...

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*.kt�

common

expect ...

*.kt, *.java, *.jar

JVM

actual...

*.kt, *.js, NPM

JS

actual...

*.kt, C, Swift, Framework

Native

actual...

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What to expect?

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Common Libraries

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common

lib

platform

lib-jvm.jar

common

app

platform

app.jar

expect

actual

expect

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Existing libraries

kotlin standard library
kotlin.test
kotlinx.html
kotlinx.coroutines
...

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Fractals: Common

Requires HSL color impl
Provides Renderer, coords

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Expects

expect ...

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Per Platform

Implement expect per platform
Use actual

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Console App

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App-common: usage/Native

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App-common: expect

expect ...

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Native: actual

actual...

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Native Fractals

common

*.kt

expect fun

expect class

...

native

*.kt

actual fun

actual class

...

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iOS

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Process

Use Kotlin project to create �iOS Framework
Include the Framework in Xcode
Use Swift/Objective-C interop

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iOS Fractals

common

*.kt

expect fun

expect class

...

Kotlin/Native

*.kt

actual fun

actual class

...

compiled

iOS�framework

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JavaScript

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Tap to Zoom

Render in JS/Browser fast
JVM-rendered in background

=> responsive, reuse code

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Web Technologies

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Coded in Kotlin

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JVM

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Ktor HTTP server

Renders PNG images
Implements same `actual`s
Uses Netty or Jetty
github.com/ktorio/ktor

ktor.io

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Ktor DSL for HTTP routes

ktor.io

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JVM: usage

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JVM: actual - typealias

actual...

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JVM Fractals

common

*.kt

expect fun

expect class

...

Kotlin/JVM

*.kt

*.java

actual fun

actual class

...

compiled�classes

*.class

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Tests

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Tests: app-common

common

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Tests: app-common

kotlin.test
Similar to JUnit� actual to JUnit on JVM
Run on all platforms

kotlin.test

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