Methods
Background
Summary
Results
Purpose
Analysis
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Conclusions
Integrated Optics for Undergraduate Native Americans
Acknowledgements
A special thank you to both Shelbi Jenkins and Robert Norwood for helping and guiding me through this process. The abundance of knowledge and skills I gained through this process is because of them and it is greatly appreciated.
The authors would like to acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation through grant number #EEC-0812072, and grant number #EEC-1941583
Photonic Devices for Sensor Applications
Authors: Tommey M. Jodie, Shelbi Jenkins, Robert Norwood; University of Arizona
Center for Quantum Networks: Developing the Quantum Internet
Optical Spectrum Analyzer (OSA)
YOKOGAWA AQ6370B 600~1700nm
An OSA is a precision instrument designed to measure and display the distribution of power of an optical source over a specified wavelength span. An OSA trace displays power in the vertical scale and the wavelength in the horizontal scale.
Temperature Controller
5305 TEC Source; 5A/12V
A temperature controller is a device that is used to control a heater or other equipment by comparing a sensor signal with a set point, performing calculations according to the deviation between those values and adjusting power to maintain the set point.
Research Methods:
Photonic integrated circuits find applications in many areas; some examples: Optical fiber communications and data center optical communications can utilize circuits for signal generation, detection, regeneration and other processing.
Photonics Integrated Circuit
Photonics is the physical science and application of light generation, detection, and manipulation through emission, transmission, modulation, signal processing, switching, amplification, and sensing. In this work, we used photonics to see and discuss how it can be used to detect changes in its surrounding environment.
The graph shown below is the experimental definitions/formulas we used in the process. It shows how we found the resonant wavelength of our optical spectra, the Q factor, free spectral range (FSR), and insertion loss measurements from the first chip.
The implications are that we know that you can reliably characterize integrated photonics devices. By doing that you can monitor how these characteristics fluctuate in various environments - such as temperature. By changing the temperature of the chip, we can reproducibly alter these characteristics and alternatively track temperature changes by monitoring these characteristics. Through these methods these devices can be used for environmental sensing applications.
The main purpose of this project was to discuss ways to use optics to sense temperature and index by characterizing integrated photonic devices through two of the chips.
Port 1 from Chip 1
These graph is one of six that show the standing waves we got from the first chip's first few ports; this data was gathered using an optical spectrum analyzer and the photonics integrated circuit.
Objective/Thesis:
Characterizing photonic devices for sensor applications used to measure changes in refractive index and temperature fluctuations.
The goal of this project was to explore ways to use integrated optics to sense temperature and index changes by characterizing integrated photonic devices using two photonic chips. I characterized four different parameters of one chip: the Free Spectral Range (FSR), the Q factor, the insertion loss and the resonant wavelength. Temperature response measurements were measured from the second chip. Using the numbers and data we gathered, we were able to see how we could monitor these characteristics and how they fluctuate in various environments.
Resonance shift: 0.0715 nm/℃
These are the temperature measurements from 2nd chip that we got from the optical spectrum analyzer. The x axis shows the temperatures in Celsius from 25 degrees to 35 degrees. And the y axis shows the resonant wavelengths from 1551.9 to 1552.7 in nanometers.
Chip 1
Chip 2
The passive measurements such as the the insertion loss, free spectral range and the Q factor give us a baseline understanding of the functionality of our devices. The insertion loss indicates how strong of a signal we can maintain through our device for a given initial signal. The FSR defines the separation between two resonant wavelengths. The Q factor measurements show us how well the resonators can maintain resonant wavelengths and thus how easily we can see changes in the index that result from external environmental changes to the photonic chip.
By plotting the shift in resonant wavelength with temperature we can use these photonics chips to determine external temperature shifts by measuring the resonant wavelength for a known resonator device.