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METHODOLOGY

The undeclared war on Women in Europe

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Thanasis Troboukis�a.troboukis@imedd.org�lab.imedd.org

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THE DATA

  • The EIGE data (European Institute for Gender Equality)
    • focuses on femicides, rapes, and four types of intimate partner violence;
      • physical,
      • sexual,
      • economic,
      • psychological
  • The report provides data until 2018
  • The data are not complete for all countries
  • Heterogeneous data-collection systems across the EU Member States.
  • They are grounded in national crime statistics or other administrative data sources on homicide (from the judiciary or health system) or from non-governmental organisations’ media analysis.

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THE DATA

  • Eurostat (the statistical office of the European Union)
    • Population of EU countries -> 1st of January 2022
    • Causes of death – deaths by country of residence and occurrence
    • Intentional homicide victims by age and sex – number and rate for the relevant sex and age groups (2011-2020)
    • Victim-offender relationship
    • Female victims by crimes
    • Suspected-Prosecuted-Convicted Males

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THE DATA

Adding data obtained by the EDJNET partners

  • Compared the documentation provided by the agencies (collection methods, measurement units, age & sex classification)
  • Compared it with the EIGE report’s standards
  • In cases where we received data that extended before 2019, we checked if it matched the EIGE report’s data.

e.g. if country X had 100 recorded incidents of psychological violence against women in 2018 in the EIGE report, we checked if the data from the reporters also had 100 incidents in 2018

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THE DATA

Adding data obtained by the EDJNET partners

  • Data that we couldn’t validate for accuracy were excluded from our analysis.
  • For countries that we had complete data, but didn’t match EIGE’s standards, we produced separate reports. But we didn’t add them to the master dataset.

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LIMITATIONS

  • Each european member state employs distinct methods, variables, and classification systems to quantify incidents of violence against women.
  • They use different definitions of femicide.
  • Some countries measure the number of victims, while others focus on the number of perpetrators.
  • In some nations, a case of violence is not recorded unless an official complaint is filed.

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LIMITATIONS

  • The age of victims varied across the data; some studies included only victims over 18, while others included all ages.
  • The sex of victims in cases of sexual offenses and rapes was not differentiated.
  • In some jurisdictions, intimate partner violence (IPV) is categorized under the broader term of domestic violence but is not considered a specific offense.
  • In other jurisdictions, neither IPV nor domestic violence is recognized as an offense in itself.

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CLEANING

  • Python script that parsed the pdf tables of the EIGE report.
  • Scripts that cleaned all the Eurostat data, normalizing Country names, numbers etc.
  • Merging the datasets in a master dataset, uploaded on a shared google doc, with filters etc.
  • Check for missing values …

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THE MISSING DATA

Percentage of data missing per country

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ANALYSIS

Avoid using absolute numbers in the analysis but rates.

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We calculated the following rates:

  • Percentage change

((new value – old value)/old value)*100

  • Per 10k of female population

(incidents / female population)*10000

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ANALYSIS

Comparing the changes:

  • Perpetrators

We examined the relationship between prosecutions for intimate violent crimes and imprisonment of perpetrators.

(prosecutions/imprisonments)

E.g. On average, out of 100 prosecutions for intimate violence in Greece, three convictions to jail time are recorded annually. In Slovenia the estimation is 5%. In contrast, in Spain, the estimation is 30%, respectively.

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ANALYSIS

Comparing the changes:

  • Sexual Assaults Vs Prosecutions

Is there a correlation between the increase in sexual assaults and the number of prosecutions? If not, it raises concerns about the delivery of justice.

E.g. There was a median rise in female sexual assault victims in Serbia of 23.60% between the years 2015-2020, while there was only a 9.10% increase in the number of men that were prosecuted for sexual assault. In Finland, on the other hand, there was an increase of 15.85% in female sexual assault victims, while there was a decrease of 4.8% in male perpetrators who were prosecuted.

Average rape victims per 100k of female population�Source: Eurostat�Note: Years 2010 - 2021

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VISUALIZATIONS

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LINKS

METHODOLOGY POST

https://lab.imedd.org/en/femicides-methodology/

REPOSITORY

https://github.com/troboukis/FEMICIDES�ANALYSIS�https://github.com/troboukis/FEMICIDES/blob/main/Analysis.ipynb

DATASET

https://github.com/troboukis/FEMICIDES/blob/main/master_df.csv

THE STORY BY MIIR

https://miir.gr/en/the-undeclared-war-on-women-in-europe-part-1/

ALL THE STORIES BY THE EDJNET PARTNERS

https://www.europeandatajournalism.eu/femicides-in-europe/

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ΕΥΧΑΡΙΣΤΩ

Thanasis Troboukis�a.troboukis@imedd.org

@troboukis

�iMEdD.org