Using Social Studies to Enhance Reading Comprehension

Fall Regionals 2024

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Brenda Beymer-Chapman�Project Manager, Social Studies and PFL

Office of Standards and Learning

Oklahoma State Department of Education

Facebook Groups

#OKSS Elementary

#OKSS

brenda.chapman@sde.ok.gov

405-522-3523

@soonergirl1967

Christie Barris

• Project Manager, Elementary ELA
• Office of Standards and Learning
• Christie.Barris @sde.ok.gov
• 405-522-1716

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Check In

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Agenda

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• Social Studies Practices
• Theoretical Models of Reading
• Social Studies and Reading Comprehension
• Reading Comprehension Best Practices
• State Resources for Social Studies and ELA
• Sharing

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What Do Historians/Geographers Do?

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What Do Historians/Geographers Do?

• Research
• Travel
• Speak
• Write articles, books, scripts
• Advise movies/tv shows
• Advise leaders/testify at committees
• Speak on news shows
• Documentaries
• Investigate/handle documents and artifacts
• Help with policies
• Create graphs/maps
• Work with businesses on locations/energy

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Social Studies Practices

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Quick Write for Social Studies Practices

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Theoretical Models of Reading

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Ask yourself….

What do I already know about reading comprehension?

What do I want to know about reading comprehension?

The Simple View of Reading

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Word Recognition (Decoding)

Language Comprehension

Reading Comprehension

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Science of Reading Research

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“Reading and writing are not natural processes.

They must be taught.”

Frank Smith

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Text Generation

(Composition)

Rapid Response

• Write a one short summary of the theoretical models of reading.
• Compare your summary with someone seated near you.
• Discuss how this knowledge can help you when teaching students reading comprehension.

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Science of Reading and Comprehension

What does the Science of Reading say about reading comprehension?

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Reading Instruction Essentials

Reading instruction must be:

• Explicit
• Systematic
• Cumulative

Prior Knowledge vs. Background Knowledge

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Jigsaw

"https://www.flaticon.com/free-icons/puzzle" title="puzzle icons"

Building Background for Better Comprehension

• Build a strong background for students.
• Use multiple approaches to develop background knowledge.
• Direct instruction in subject matter improves comprehension.
• Building general knowledge helps level the playing field.

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Baseball Text Example

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Researchers asked a group of students to read a passage about baseball. The group had mixed reading abilities: some students were generally strong readers, while others struggled. Students reflected the general population in that some liked and knew about baseball while others knew very little.

Baseball Text Example

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Results

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Baseball Text Examples

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What does the research show?

Knowledge matters! The more educators build knowledge on a range of topics - the more likely that students will be able to comprehend future passages with similar vocabulary on similar topics.

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What Would You Take?

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• What would make you abandon your home?
• If you were forced to leave what would you take with you?
• What is important to have?
• Where would you go?

Crop It

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Dust Bowl Pictures

• What is something you notice?
• What time is this?
• What is going on/show a problem? What is in the air?
• What is most interesting/most important?
• What story was the photographer trying to tell?

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1st Grade Social Studies

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1st Grade Social Studies

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What Are These?

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• Examine the artifact your group was given and discuss what it might be.
• Analyze what the artifact would be used for?
• Connect to today - do we have anything like the artifact today?
• Read book aloud that is the same time period as the pictures and artifacts.

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What Are These?

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What Are These?

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What Are These?

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What Are These?

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What Are These?

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Read Aloud

Read aloud a book or passage dealing with the Dust Bowl time period in Oklahoma. Also have other books for students to read about the Dust Bowl in centers and class library. Teachers can also work with their media specialist on acquiring titles for students to use.

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Apply in Stations/Centers

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• Use a map to talk about all the states affected by the Dust Bowl and the trip from Oklahoma to California
• Plan a route from their town/city to California
• Where does your family go if a storm is coming? Make a plan.
• Oral History - https://www.loc.gov/item/toddbib000091/

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Ballad - Story Set to Music

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Writing

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• Blackout Poetry - using one of Woody’s songs
• Found Poem
• Ballad - have the students write their own ballad of a family impacted by the Dust Bowl or a more recent disaster
• I Am Poem - analyze one of the primary source photos by writing an I Am Poem from the point of view of someone in the picture
• Poems for Two Voices - point of view of refugee arriving in California and a California resident
• 2 Word Sentence Poem

Blackout Poetry

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Found Poem

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2 Word Sentence Poem

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Owl

Head turns.

Eyes lock.

Predator plunges.

Scream echos.

Prey scurries.

Life continues.

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Ideas for Knowledge Building

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• Read Alouds
• Centers/Stations
• Listening/Speaking
• Text Sets
• Independent Reading
• Writing

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Pre-learning Activity

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Museum Walk

• Take a look at the pictures your group has been given.
• Discuss with your group members what you see in the pictures and how they might be connected.
• Think about what the book we are about to read might be about.
• After reading book discuss how the pictures were connected with the book.

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Break

Be Back in 10 minutes!

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Science of Reading Research

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Since information learned while studying other subjects directly supports comprehension, dedicated time allocated to subject matter instruction is essential. Reading comprehension is likely to suffer if students are pulled out of social studies direct instruction.

International Dyslexia Association

Reading to Students

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Comprehension Instruction

• Comprehension instruction is essential for all students.
• Younger grades need more decoding practice.
• Upper grades need more comprehension practice.

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Knowledge as a Tool for Literacy

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• Knowledge helps in choosing word meanings and making inferences
• Understanding metaphors and literacy language requires knowledge.
• Informational text contain vocabulary tied to knowledge.

Susan Neuman, Tanya Kaefer, Ashley Pinkham

Silent Solo

• Take one minute to jot down something new you have learned about how background knowledge and comprehension work together.

Reading Comprehension Best Practices

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Comprehension Best Practices

Strategies can be organized as:

• Before Reading
• During Reading
• After Reading

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Reading instruction must be:

• Explicit
• Systematic
• Cumulative

Before Reading

Before Reading a Text: Goal

Set a Goal for Reading

• Identify Objectives.
• Connect to the final assessment.
• Decide how students will show their learning.

Before Reading a Text: Genre

Teach Genre/Text Structure

• Knowing WHAT we are reading helps us know HOW to read it and WHY we are reading it.
• Text Features: Identify features important to understanding the text.

Vocabulary: Builds Background Knowledge

• What words need to be taught AND are worth teaching to support comprehension?
• How will you foster independent word learning strategies?
• Are there multiple meaning words?
• What meaningful parts are in the words (prefix, suffix, root)?

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Vocabulary

Tiers

Your Turn

1. Read the passage.
2. Discuss with your partner/group what the passage is about.

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Glimlet Code

The glimlet codes give us guidance on how to treat the glimlet. Put the glimlet up briskly and lower it zorkly. Place the glimlet in the position of honor, usually to the right or higher. The glimlet should not be garfid in poor weather.

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Activate Knowledge

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Vocabulary Defined

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glimlet: flag

zorkly: ceremoniously

garfid: flown

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Build Knowledge

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Goblerts Big Job

The Goblert has a big job! The Goblert helps make important decisions for the zorf. One job is to work with other goblerts to keep our zorf safe. The Goblert also helps make kylerts for everyone. Another job is to help cortips when they need it. The Goblert even tells everyone what’s happening in our zorf. Being Goblert is a lot of work, but it’s very important!

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Flag Code

The flag codes give us guidance on how to treat the flag. Put the flag up briskly and lower it ceremoniously. Place the flag in the position of honor, usually to the right or higher. The flag should not be flown in poor weather.

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Activate Knowledge

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Vocabulary Defined

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goblert: president

zorf: country

kylerts: laws

cortips: people

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Building Knowledge

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Reflections

1. Read the passage again.
2. Discuss with your partner/group what the passage is about.
3. Discuss how your background knowledge changed your comprehension of the passage.

<a href="https://www.flaticon.com/free-icons/think" title="think icons">Think icons created by Freepik - Flaticon</a>

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Language Structures

• Are there clauses, phrases, or complex sentence structures that may be difficult for students?
• Are the ideas in the text easily connected or will students need support to connect ideas?
• Word meanings and sentence structure work together to contribute to comprehension.

Complex Sentence

During the 1930s, when severe droughts and strong winds swept across the Great Plains, many farmers lost their crops, which led to a period of hardship known as the Dust Bowl.

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Compound Sentence

The Dust Bowl caused many crops to fail, and it forced thousands of families to leave their farms in search of a better life.

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Activities for Before Reading

• Book Talks
• Dramatic Readings
• Artifacts
• Photographs
• Preview Test
• Make predictions from illustrations and title
• Listen to Songs about the topic

It’s Time for a Joke

Why were the early days of history called the Dark Ages?

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There were so many knights!

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During Reading

Good Readers

Good readers use many forms of thinking and analyzing text as they read.

It is therefore important to teach readers strategies for constructing meaning from text.

National Reading Panel, 2000

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What is a strategy?

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A strategy is…

• Intentional mental actions before, during and after reading that improve reading comprehension.
• Conscious actions taken by a reader to better understand or remember what is being read.

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What is not a strategy?

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A strategy is not…

• Completing worksheets, as they often lack instruction on active mental processes to improve comprehension.
• Practicing skills like sequencing or drawing conclusions without explicit guidance on how to think during reading.

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Monitor Comprehension

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Strategies Most Consistent with Research: During Reading

Visualize the Text

Draw Inferences

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During Reading Strategies

Ask and Answer Questions

Summarize the Text

During Reading Strategies Cont..

Describe Text or Story Structure

Single or Multiple- Strategy Instruction

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Try it Out

1. Read the passage
2. Apply one of the strategies
• Visualize
• Draw an inference
• Ask a question
• Summarize the text
• Describe story structure

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Share it Out

1. Find a partner you have not worked with today.
2. Share your comprehension strategy with your partner.
3. Discuss other ways you could help students understand the text.

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During Reading-Second Read

• Clarify Understandings
• Summarize
• Graphic Organizers for text structure or genre
• Independent Reading
• Revisit Goal

During Reading-Third Read

• Teacher will determine if a third read is necessary depending on student understanding.
• The text or portions of the text could be used for repeated reading to support fluency.

After Reading

After Reading Strategies

• Provide time for students to discuss understandings with partners.
• Determine if the goal for reading was achieved.
• Students provide a response as determined by goal for reading.

Assessment

• Assessment is linked to the goal set for the text.
• May be in different forms depending on the text.
• Integrate writing as much as possible.

Break Time

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State Resources for Social Studies and Reading Comprehension

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Oklahoma ELA Frameworks

https://bit.ly/3LJejWQ

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Literacy Progression

Exemplar Lesson Plans

Social Studies Frameworks

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Social Studies Frameworks

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Social Studies Resources

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Social Studies Resources

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Your Turn

• Choose a Social Studies topic you will teach this year.
• Using the lesson plan template, begin to create a plan for instruction.
• Use strategies from today’s presentation.
• You may use any of the resources we brought today.

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Template

https://bit.ly/4ecJTIZ

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Lesson Plans

Spend 5 minutes looking at a lesson plan for your grade level.

Sharing

• What do you do to include social studies in your day?
• What did you learn today that would help you implement social studies into your day?

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3-2-1 Exit Slip

• Name three things you will take back to your classroom.
• Name two things you learned about building background knowledge.
• Name one reading strategy you could use next week in your class.

Professional Learning Survey

We hope this presentation has met your expectations. Let us know about your experience.

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Office of Standards and Learning

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Name of Session:

Using Social Studies to Enhance Reading Comprehension

Subject Area:

Social Studies/ELA

Location:

Chickasha

https://bit.ly/4cDHxSp

Quick Write for Building Background Knowledge with Social Studies

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Reflection

• One thing you will take back and use in your class.
• One thing you learned about social studies.
• One thing you learned about reading comprehension.

SS Fall Regionals 2023

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