BACKUP SLIDE A: ELPC™ Olfactory Interference Mechanism

Scientific Hypothesis on Pest Control & Pathogen Vector Interruption (Fruit Flies & Psyllids)

4 Key Disruption Pathways of Active Volatiles

• 1. Competitive Antagonism (Receptor Blockade)

Terpenoids & aldehydes bind to Odorant Receptors (ORs/Orco) with high affinity without activating them, physically blocking host odor detection.

• 2. OBP Conformational Inhibition (Carrier Interception)

Specific volatile compounds alter the 3D protein structure of OBPs, disabling scent transport across antennal sensilla fluid.

• 3. Olfactory Masking & Signal Overload

Creates high-density background scent noise, disrupting the precise volatile ratios needed by pests to identify target crops.

• 4. Repellent Pathway Activation (TRP Channels)

Triggers avoidance receptors (e.g. TRP channels), signaling potential toxicity to induce immediate negative chemotaxis (repellency).

Target Vector Impact

► Fruit Flies (Drosophila spp.)

Competes with universal OR83b (Orco) coreceptor complex, neutralizing attraction toward ripening fruit esters.

► Asian Citrus Psyllid (Diaphorina citri)

Disrupts recognition of citrus monoterpenes (β-caryophyllene), preventing landing, feeding, and transmission of Citrus Greening (HLB).

► Broader Impact

Provides non-contact, chemical-free vector block, protecting fruit quality and export compliance.

BACKUP SLIDE B: ELPC™ Yield & Flowering Physiology Mechanism

Physiological Response & Bio-Signaling Activation via Natural VOCs

4 Core Physiological Mechanisms

• 1. Endogenous Hormones Cascade

Airborne VOCs stimulate leaf/bud receptors, upregulating Gibberellins (GA), Cytokinins (CTK), and Brassinosteroids (BR) to promote floral bud differentiation.

• 2. Pollen Viability & Fertilization

Active terpenes increase pollen germination rates and accelerate pollen tube elongation across the stigma, securing fruit set under stress.

• 3. Zero Immune Energy Depletion

Effective repellency stops chronic plant defense activation & tissue repair costs, directing 100% of carbohydrates to fruit growth.

• 4. Photosynthesis & Sugar Transport

Regulates stomatal conductance and chlorophyll activity, accelerating carbon fixation and sucrose transport to developing fruit sinks.

Physiological Closed-Loop Pathway

▶ PATH 1: Hormone Trigger

Rapid floral bud differentiation & higher bloom density per tree.

▶ PATH 2: Pollen Tube Elongation

High germination rate & improved fertilization success.

▶ PATH 3: Defense Savings

Zero immune energy depletion → 100% resource allocation to fruit.

▶ PATH 4: Sink Transport

Elevated sucrose synthesis & superior fruit expansion.