Applied monitoring of coastal acidification

Mid-Atlantic OA Workshop, 09-11-2024

Micah Horwith, micah.horwith@ecy.wa.gov

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Acidification so far

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Acidification so far

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mineral

stability

(Ω)

less CO₂ & higher pH

favorable water

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Acidification so far

​

mineral

stability

(Ω)

more CO₂ & lower pH

corrosive water

less CO₂ & higher pH

favorable water

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Acidification so far

​

mineral

stability

(Ω)

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Acidification so far

Bednaršek et al. 2020

mineral

stability

(Ω)

​

Acidification so far

Bednaršek et al. 2020

Waldbusser et al. 2016; Williams et al. 2018

mineral

stability

(Ω)

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Acidification so far

Bednaršek et al. 2020

Waldbusser et al. 2016; Williams et al. 2018

      Nina Bednaršek

mineral

stability

(Ω)

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Acidification so far

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Global

∆

Lauvset et al. 2020

Jiang et al. 2015

mineral

stability

(Ω)

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Acidification so far

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• oceans everywhere are more corrosive

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Global

∆

Lauvset et al. 2020

Jiang et al. 2015

mineral

stability

(Ω)

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Acidification so far

​

• oceans everywhere are more corrosive

​

Global

∆

Salish Sea ∆

Lauvset et al. 2020

Jiang et al. 2015; Hare et al. 2020

mineral

stability

(Ω)

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Acidification so far

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• oceans everywhere are more corrosive

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• Washington waters are near risk zones

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Global

∆

Salish Sea ∆

Lauvset et al. 2020

Jiang et al. 2015; Hare et al. 2020

mineral

stability

(Ω)

Salish Sea ∆

Global

∆

Lauvset et al. 2020

Jiang et al. 2015; Hare et al. 2020

mineral

stability

(Ω)

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Acidification so far

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• oceans everywhere are more corrosive

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• Washington waters are near risk zones

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Acidification so far

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Acidification so far

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• shellfish growers have adapted

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Acidification so far

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• shellfish growers have adapted

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Acidification so far

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• shellfish growers have adapted

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Acidification so far

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• shellfish growers have adapted

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• rising CO₂ will limit efficacy

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Biological sensitivity

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Biological sensitivity

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Biological sensitivity

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Biological sensitivity

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Measuring the problem

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Measuring the problem

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Measuring the problem

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• OA monitoring in WA is robust

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Timing & sensitivity

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Ifremer

1d

6d

10d

15d

21d

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Timing & sensitivity

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Ifremer

1d

6d

10d

15d

21d

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Timing & sensitivity

​

Ifremer

1d

6d

10d

15d

21d

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Timing & sensitivity

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Ifremer

1d

6d

10d

15d

21d

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Timing & sensitivity

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• early life stages are more sensitive

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Ifremer

1d

6d

10d

15d

21d

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Timing & sensitivity

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• early life stages are more sensitive

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• OA impacts hinge on exposure

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Ifremer

1d

6d

10d

15d

21d

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WA Ecology monitors OA seasonality

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WA Ecology monitors OA seasonality

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• 28 stations

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WA Ecology monitors OA seasonality

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• 28 stations

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• monthly sampling since Oct 2018

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WA Ecology monitors OA seasonality

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• 28 stations

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• monthly sampling since Oct 2018

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• discrete samples at 0m & 30m

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WA Ecology monitors OA seasonality

WA Ecology monitors OA seasonality

WA Ecology monitors OA seasonality

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Chemistry

WA Ecology monitors OA seasonality

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• NOAA West Coast OA cruises 2007 →

Chemistry

WA Ecology monitors OA seasonality

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• NOAA West Coast OA cruises 2007 →

Chemistry • Washington OA Center cruises 2014 →

WA Ecology monitors OA seasonality

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• NOAA West Coast OA cruises 2007 →

Chemistry • Washington OA Center cruises 2014 →

• WA Ecology sampling 2018 →

WA Ecology monitors OA seasonality

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• NOAA West Coast OA cruises 2007 →

Chemistry • Washington OA Center cruises 2014 →

• WA Ecology sampling 2018 →

Larvae

WA Ecology monitors OA seasonality

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• NOAA West Coast OA cruises 2007 →

Chemistry • Washington OA Center cruises 2014 →

• WA Ecology sampling 2018 →

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○ Zooplankton monitoring program 2014 →

Larvae

WA Ecology monitors OA seasonality

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• NOAA West Coast OA cruises 2007 →

Chemistry • Washington OA Center cruises 2014 →

• WA Ecology sampling 2018 →

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○ Zooplankton monitoring program 2014 →

☐ Pacific Crab Research Group 2019 →

Larvae

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OA indicator

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OA indicator

• annual ‘window of opportunity’

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OA indicator

• annual ‘window of opportunity’

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Example

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OA indicator

• annual ‘window of opportunity’

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Example

• 194 days in 2022

194 days

2022

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OA indicator

• annual ‘window of opportunity’

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Example

• 194 days in 2022

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Technical definition

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194 days

2022

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OA indicator

• annual ‘window of opportunity’

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Example

• 194 days in 2022

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Technical definition

• est. # of consecutive days in greater Puget Sound with mean surface Ω > 1

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194 days

2022

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OA indicator

• annual ‘window of opportunity’

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Examples

• 194 days in 2022
• 188 days in 2021

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Technical definition

• est. # of consecutive days in greater Puget Sound with mean surface Ω > 1

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188 days

2021

194 days

2022

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OA indicator

• annual ‘window of opportunity’

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Examples

• 194 days in 2022
• 188 days in 2021
• 178 days in 2019

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Technical definition

• est. # of consecutive days in greater Puget Sound with mean surface Ω > 1

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188 days

178 days

2021

2019

194 days

2022

​

OA indicator

• annual ‘window of opportunity’

​

Examples

• 194 days in 2022
• 188 days in 2021
• 178 days in 2019

​

Technical definition

• est. # of consecutive days in greater Puget Sound with mean surface Ω > 1

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188 days

178 days

257 days

2021

2019

~1700

194 days

2022

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Telling the story

188 days

178 days

257 days

2021

2019

~1700

194 days

2022

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Telling the story

• annual ‘window of opportunity’

188 days

178 days

257 days

2021

2019

~1700

194 days

2022

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Telling the story

• annual ‘window of opportunity’

​

• 2022 had 194 days of favorable water

188 days

178 days

257 days

2021

2019

~1700

194 days

2022

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Telling the story

• annual ‘window of opportunity’

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• 2022 had 194 days of favorable water

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• ↑CO₂ has already narrowed window

188 days

178 days

257 days

2021

2019

~1700

194 days

2022

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Telling the story

• annual ‘window of opportunity’

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• 2022 had 194 days of favorable water

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• ↑CO₂ has already narrowed window

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• reducing CO₂ emissions can preserve window

188 days

178 days

257 days

2021

2019

~1700

194 days

2022

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Applied OA monitoring in Washington State

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Applied OA monitoring in Washington State

surface

Ω

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Applied OA monitoring in Washington State

surface

Ω

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Applied OA monitoring

in Washington State

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• gauges seasonality

surface

Ω

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Applied OA monitoring

in Washington State

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• gauges seasonality

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• yields data products

surface

Ω

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Applied OA monitoring

in Washington State

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• gauges seasonality

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• yields data products

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• advances regional modeling

surface

Ω

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Applied OA monitoring

in Washington State

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• gauges seasonality

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• yields data products

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• advances regional modeling

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• reveals natural & human drivers & regional ‘hot spots’

surface

Ω

Questions?�Micah Horwith, micah.horwith@ecy.wa.gov�

Monitoring Ocean Acidification within State Borders: Lessons from Washington State (USA)

https://doi.org/10.1080/08920753.2021.1947130