Grammar &

Punctuation

Level 2

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Parts of Speech

(nouns, verbs and adjectives)

Grammar is the study of the way in which we use words to make sentences.

Words may be divided into groups called parts of speech. Three important parts of speech are nouns, verbs and adjectives.

Unit 1

The powerful eagle landed.

An adjective is a describing word. Adjectives tell us more about nouns.

A noun is a naming word. A noun can be the name of a person, place or thing.

Most verbs are words that describe actions. This verb tells us what happened.

Learning objectives:

• To be able to use nouns, verbs and adjectives which go together.
• To be able to write sentences with nouns, verbs and adjectives.

Game:

1. Pupils write down “The” and then and an adjective. Then fold the paper and pass to the next person.

2. Pupils write down a noun. Then fold the paper and pass to the next person.

3. Pupils write down a verb. Then open up the paper to see what it says.

Discussion:

What toys do you play with? (nouns)

Describe your toys. (adjectives)

What do you do each day? (verbs)

Warm up

Practise

1. The old turtle crawled up the hill.
2. The porter carried the suitcases to our hotel room.
3. Mr Blake planted some seeds in his garden.
4. The secretary typed lots of letters.
5. Emma shouted at the top of her voice.
6. We sailed our boat out to sea.
7. The bull chased the children across the field.
8. The eagle caught the animal in its claws.

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Complete the sentences. Choose the most suitable verb to complete each sentence.

caught shouted carried crawled

planted chased sailed typed

Can you act out the verbs in the box?

Making sure

1. Think of a suitable noun to go with each adjective. Turn your answers into sentences underlining the nouns. Colour the nouns one colour and the adjectives another colour.

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2. Think of a suitable adjective to go with each noun. Turn your answers into sentences underlining the adjectives.

1. a red car
2. the brown dog
3. some golden coins
4. an empty basket
5. a soft toy
6. the warm scarf
7. some tall trees
8. a foolish boy

1. a large parcel
2. the deep sea
3. some naughty children
4. a strong wind
5. a small accident
6. some mango trees
7. an enormous giant
8. the dusty books

Mr. Jones has a red car.

I have a brown dog.

The pirate found some golden coins on the ground.

Red Riding Hood was carrying an empty basket.

The baby wanted his soft toy.

My gran knitted a warm scarf.

The forest was full of tall trees.

A foolish boy bought magic beans.

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There’s a large parcel on the kitchen table.

The man was drowning in the deep sea.

Some naughty children were not listening to the teacher.

A strong wind blew the tree over.

I had a small accident with my car.

I grew some mango trees.

An enormous giant climbed down the beanstalk.

The old book store was filled with dusty books.

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Making sure

2. Think of a suitable adjective to go with each noun.

Now make up four sentences.

Use one of your answers in each sentences.

• a large parcel
• the deep sea
• some naughty children
• a strong wind
• a little accident
• some small trees
• an enormous giant
• the heavy books

Joe has a little accident.

An enormous giant sat down on an armchair.

There’s a large parcel on the kitchen table.

Some naughty children throw water at Alfred.

Practise your punctuation

1. the frightened child approached the dark castle
2. what made that funny noise
3. the small boy was carrying a big bag a book a pointed stick and an apple
4. the old door creaked and opened
5. a strange old lady stood in the shadows

1. The frightened child approached the dark castle.
2. What made that funny noise?
3. The small boy was carrying a big bag, a book, a pointed stick and an apple.
4. The old door creaked and opened.
5. A strange, old lady stood in the shadows.

2. In the sentences you have written:

a) underline the verbs in red b) underline the nouns in blue

c) underline the adjectives in green

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• Punctuation marks make writing easier to understand. Punctuate these sentences correctly. Put in capital letters, full stops, commas and question marks.

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Common and Proper Nouns

A noun is the name of a person, place or thing.

Common (or ordinary) nouns are the names of people, places or things in general.

A proper noun is the name of a particular person, place or thing.

A proper noun starts with a capital letter.

A common noun starts with a small letter.

Unit 2

The boy went by train from the station.

Tom went by Eurostar from Waterloo.

Learning objectives:

• To know proper nouns have a capital letter.
• To know names of people and places, days of the week and months of the year are proper nouns.
• To be able to identify proper nouns and common nouns.

Practise

Draw a chart like this. Write each of the nouns in the box in the correct column.

Snow White crocodile

bus Fluff

Manchester letter

Mr Barnes house

shop River Thames The Times day Mars pet Sunday word

woman Easter Nasir sentence

Making sure

1. Copy these sentences. Underline the proper nouns. Circle the common nouns.

1. The coach to Birmingham was full.
2. At Diwali some people have a party.
3. The boat sailed down the River Severn.
4. During his holiday Ben visited Portugal.
5. Sir Francis Drake was a famous explorer.
6. My favourite team is Chelsea.
7. Mrs Rossetti is a keen gardener.
8. The book was The Pink Pyjamas by Barbara Miller.

Making sure

• Now complete this alphabetical list of people and places.

Andrew lives in America.

Billy lives in Bermuda.

Claire lives in Canada.

Dennis lives in Denmark.

Edward lives in England.

Finn lives in France.

George lives in Germany.

Harry lives in Hungary.

Izzy lives in Ireland.

James lives in Jamaica.

Kevin lives in Kazakhstan.

Lola lives in Luxembourg.

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Martin lives in Malta.

Nelson lives in Norway.

Oliver lives in Oman.

Pauline lives in Portugal.

Richard lives in Russia.

Sarah lives in Scotland.

Thomas lives in Tiberia.

Ursula lives in Ukraine.

Victor lives in Venice.

William lives in Wales.

Xavier lives in Xi’an.

Yassin lives in Yemen.

Zoe lives in Zambia.

Don’t worry if you can’t think of a name or place for every letter.

Practise your punctuation

2. a) underline the common nouns b) circle the proper nouns

1. Ann Moore lives in Edinburgh.
2. My address is 14 King Street.
3. Have you ever been to America, Canada, Mexico or Jamaica?
4. The mountaineer climbed Mount Everest.
5. Is Christmas in November or December?

1. Punctuate these sentences correctly.

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• ann moore lives in edinburgh
• my address is 14 king street
• have you ever been to america canada mexico or jamaica
• the mountaineer climbed mount everest
• is christmas in november or december

Verbs (doing and being words)

Most verbs are words that describe actions.

They tell us what someone is doing or what is happening.

Some verbs are being words.

This is a doing verb.

It tells us what the frog is doing.

This is a being verb.

It tells us what the frog is.

Unit 3

The frog hops into the water.

The frog is green.

Learning objectives:

• To be able to give examples of being verbs.
• To be able to identify proper nouns and common nouns.

Practise

• Tadpoles nibble weeds.
• Tadpoles swish their tails.
• The frog jumped onto a rock.
• The frog croaked loudly.

1. Copy these sentences. Underline the doing verb in each one.
2. Complete each sentence with the correct being verb from the box.

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• Tadpoles are baby frogs.
• I am too hot.
• Victoria was Queen of England.
• Ali is good at spelling.
• Tomorrow we will be one day older.
• The Egyptians were inventive people.

am are was were will be is

Making sure

• If you throw the ball, I will catch it.
• Cork floats on water but metal sinks.
• A customer buys things but a shopkeeper sells them.
• A captain leads and the team follows.
• The child lifted the heavy weight and then dropped it.
• The woman dug a hole and then filled it in again.

• Copy these sentences. Choose the correct doing verb from the box to fill each space.

catch throw floats sinks buys sells leads follows dropped lifted filled dug

Making sure

• Copy these sentences. Underline the being verb in each one.

• Samir is a tall boy.
• The doctor was late.
• Tomorrow will be Sunday.
• The Vikings were good fighters.
• How are you today?
• I am tired.

Practise your punctuation

2. a) underline the doing verbs b) circle the being words

1. Punctuate the sentences in this story correctly.

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Sooty looked up at the table hungrily. The budgerigar was in its cage on the table. The cat jumped up. The bird was frightened. Mrs Sharp heard all the noise and ran into the room. She was very angry with the cat.

sooty looked up at the table hungrily the budgerigar was in its cage on the table the cat jumped up the bird was frightened mrs sharp heard all the noise and ran into the room she was very angry with the cat

Sentences and Phrases

A sentence is a group of words that makes sense on its own.

Every sentence must contain a verb.

A phrase is a group of words that does not make sense on its own.

Most phrases are short. Most phrases do not contain verbs.

This is a sentence.

It makes sense on its own.

It contains a verb.

This is a phrase.

It does not makes sense on its own.

It does not contain a verb.

Unit 4

The girls ran along the beach.

along the beach.

Learning objectives:

• To know that sentences have a verb but most phrases do not.
• To be able to make sentences around phrases.

piece of cake

Writing spellings is easy.

perfect storm

The worst thing happened.

Practise

1. Which of the following are sentences? Which are phrases? List the sentences. Then list the phrases.

2. Now underline the verb in each sentence.

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A ghostly sea captain spoke to the girl.

the silver fish

The ship sank into the sea.

The dog chewed the bone.

this morning

yes

King Henry was fond of sport.

The sun came out.

Stand up.

The girl ran out of the cave.

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Making sure

1. Choose a suitable phrase from the box to complete each sentence.

2. Make up six sentences. Include one of these phrases in each one.

1. The zoo keeper put the vulture back in its cage.
2. The soil was very wet after the rain.
3. Three girls climbed over the wall.
4. Owls come out to hunt at night.
5. The fire spread through the town.
6. The football match had to be cancelled because of the fog.

in its cage

because of the fog

through the town

over the wall

at night

after the rain

under the sea

down the hill

at midnight

outside the house

in the woods

because of the cold

Practise your punctuation

Rewrite these pairs of sentences. Exchange the verbs in each pair so that the sentences make sense.

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1. The lady laid an egg. The hen fried an egg.
2. The man boiled a scarf. The cook lost the potatoes.
3. Fishes trot. Horses swim.
4. The goat sang the grass. The girl ate the song.
5. The builder shaved the house. The man built his chin.
6. The teacher roasted her husband. The doctor kissed her chicken.

• The lady fried an egg. The hen laid an egg.
• The man lost a scarf. The cook boiled the potatoes.
• Fishes swim. Horses trot.
• The goat ate the grass. The girl sang the song.
• The builder built the house. The man shaved his chin.
• The teacher kissed her husband. The doctor roasted her chicken.

Adjectives

An adjective is a describing word.

Adjectives give us more information about nouns.

Adjectives make sentences more interesting.

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We can improve the first sentence by adding some adjectives.

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Unit 5

The dragon came out of the cave.

The fearsome, fiery dragon came out of the huge, dark cave.

Learning objectives:

• To know what an adjective does.
• To be able to apply adjectives to improve sentences.

Practise

Copy the sentences. Choose the most suitable adjective from the brackets to fill each gap.

1. The poor beggar wore dirty clothes. (poor, wet, dirty, new)
2. The ugly giant lived in an old castle. (ugly, cold, old, blue)
3. The little girl ate a juicy apple. (purple, little, juicy, hairy)
4. The cheerful lady smiled as she sat on the wooden bench. (wooden, cheerful, red, rubber)
5. The noisy cat chased chased the tiny mouse. (fat, dry, noisy, tiny)
6. The strange monster had a long nose. (wobbly, long, strange, metal)
7. The funny clown tripped over his big boots. (funny, thin, heavy, big)
8. A prickly hedgehog walked up the narrow path. (narrow, high, prickly, quiet)

Making sure

2. Copy the sentences. Put in some adjectives to make them more interesting.

1. Copy the sentences. Leave out the adjectives

1. The brave knight fought the fiery dragon.
2. The mighty wind ripped up the old tree.
3. Some green racing cars sped along the wide track.
4. Where have the gigantic dinosaurs gone?
5. The small wooden boat was tossed about by the rough sea.
6. A strange little man with a pointed hat sang a sad song.

• The wild dog ate the juicy bone.
• The brave boy climbed the tall tree.
• A nasty burglar forced the red door open.
• A keen police officer chased the angry robber.
• The little girl went out on her new bike.
• The old house was in the deep dark woods.

Practise your punctuation

Punctuate this passage correctly. Each time you come to the adjective nice, replace it with a more interesting word.

Saturday was a wonderful day. Youssef dressed in some smart clothes. He called for Alice. She lived in a beautiful house. They went for a long walk in the park. Youssef bought a delicious ice cream. Alice bought a massive bag of crisps. They played on the swings and had a great time.

nice

nice

nice

nice

nice

nice

Subjects and Verbs

Every sentence has a verb. Every sentence also has a subject.

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The subject is the main person or thing in the sentence.

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This is the subject of the sentence.

The subject is usually found in front of the verb.

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Unit 6

Scott saw an elf.

Learning objectives:

• To know that the subject does an action.
• To be able to identify the subject and verb in sentences.

Practise

Copy these sentences. Underline the subject and circle the verb in each one.

• Sandra saw a fairy.
• Dogs bark.
• Tortoises eat lettuce.
• The helicopter crashed.
• Eddie followed the strange troll.
• Charlie found some gold.
• The snake slid through the grass.
• Sam won the race.
• Curry is my favourite dinner.
• Jack and Jill went up the hill.

Watch magic poem.

Making sure

1. The proud princess rode on a pretty horse.
2. The submarine dives into the sea.
3. Humpty Dumpty sat on the wall.
4. A roaring dragon stared at a frightful prince.
5. Some old people walk slowly.
6. The strong wind blew away my umbrella.

• Tom is a good friend.
• Monkeys swung through the trees.
• Foxes hunt for food at night.
• Susan has lovely handwriting.
• The pirates buried the treasure.
• The bull scared the children.

1. Think of a suitable subject to complete each sentence. Underline the verb in each sentence.

2. Think of a suitable sentence ending to go with each subject. Underline the verb in each sentence.

Practise your punctuation

2. In the sentences you have written:

a) underline the verbs b) circle the subjects

1. Match the subjects and sentence endings. Punctuate the sentences you make correctly.

Singular and Plural

We can write nouns in the singular or the plural.

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Singular means one.

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Plural means more than one.

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We just add s to many singular nouns to make them plural.

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When a noun ends in a consonant + y we change the y to i and add es.

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Unit 7

one rattle

two rattles

one baby

two babies

Learning objectives:

• To be able to make most nouns plural or single.
• To be able to make the verb agree with the noun.

Practise

Copy and complete this chart.

Making sure

Take care when you change the subject of a sentence into the plural. The subject of the sentence and the verb must always agree.

1. Copy these sentences. Change the subject of each sentence into the plural. Make the verb agree with the subject.

• The fly is on the table.
• The door was open.
• The story is boring.
• The lorry was speeding.
• The dog is barking loudly.
• The factory has lots of window.

• The flies are on the tables.
• The doors were open.
• The stories are boring.
• The lorries were speeding.
• The dogs are barking loudly.
• The factories have lots of windows.

Making sure

Take care when you change the subject of a sentence into the plural. The subject of the sentence and the verb must always agree.

1. Copy these sentences. Change the subject of each sentence into the singular. Make the verb agree with the subject.

• The pictures are very well painted.
• The families were sitting on the beaches.
• The walls were very dirty.
• The ponies are galloping round the fields.
• The cars are moving on to the ferries.
• The cities are full of heavy traffic.

• The picture is very well painted.
• The family was sitting on the beach.
• The wall was very dirty.
• The pony is galloping round the field.
• The car is moving on to the ferry.
• The city is full of heavy traffic.

Practise your punctuation

2. Now underline all the plural nouns in the sentences.

1. Copy these sentences. Make the verb in each sentence agree with the subject. Punctuate each sentence correctly.

1. the pennies was in the purse
2. some tigers is roaming through the trees
3. a horse were eating a carrot
4. the baby were drinking a bottle of milk
5. lorries cars ships and aeroplanes is all means of transport
6. ponies has manes

1. The pennies were in the purse.
2. Some tigers are roaming through the trees.
3. A horse was eating a carrot.
4. The baby was drinking a bottle of milk.
5. Lorries, cars, ships and aeroplanes are all means of transport.
6. Ponies have manes.

Exclamation Marks

An exclamation mark is a punctuation mark.

This is an exclamation mark: !

An exclamation mark comes at the end of a sentence.

It shows that the writer feels strongly about something.

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Unit 8

! can show excitement or surprise.

! can give warning.

! can show that someone is hurt.

! can show that something happens suddenly.

Learning objectives:

• To be able to know when to apply an exclamation mark or question mark.
• To be able to come up with your own exclamations.

Practise

Which of these are exclamations? Which are questions? List the excliminations. Then list the questions.

Come here quickly!

Where are you going?

What is the time?

How do they do that?

Look what I found!

Why are you sad?

Help! I’m stuck!

I feel quite dizzy!

When can we go home?

Smash! Bang! Crash!

Making sure

What do you think each person is saying? Write it down. Remember the exclamation marks or question marks.

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Look what I found!

An alien!

Help! I’m drowning!

Don’t do that again!

That's nice!

What a mess?

Practise your punctuation

Punctuate each of these correctly.

1. is it safe to open the door now
2. do not do that
3. come here
4. what do you think you are doing
5. hands up this is a robbery
6. what is for tea
7. that is a nasty cut
8. help i am trapped in the mud

• Is it safe to open the door now?
• Do not do that!
• Come here!
• What do you think you are doing?
• Hands up! This is a robbery!
• What is for tea?
• That is a nasty cut!
• Help! I am trapped in the mud!

Verb Tenses (past and present)

Verbs written in the present tense tell us what is happening now.

Verbs written in the past tense tell us what is happening in the past.

This verb is in the present tense. It tells us what is happening now. Verbs in the present tense often have ing at the end.

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This verb is in the past tense. It tells us what is happening in the past. Verbs in the past tense often have ed at the end.

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Unit 9

Today Tom is rowing his boat.

Last week Tom rowed his boat.

Learning objectives:

• To know the present tense tells us what is happening now and past tense tells us what happened in the past.
• To be able to change verbs into the present or past.

Practise

1. Ben is finishing his homework.
2. Rosie is helping her mum.
3. Joe read a good book yesterday.
4. The mouse squeaked loudly.
5. On Saturday we walked to the shops.
6. The boy smiled at the girl.
7. On holiday I visited France.
8. The log floated down the river.
9. Emma is sitting in the sun.
10. The frog hopped on to the rock.

Copy the sentences. Underline the verb in each one. Show whether it is in present tense or the past tense.

(present tense)

(present tense)

(past tense)

(past tense)

(past tense)

(past tense)

(past tense)

(past tense)

(present tense)

(past tense)

Making sure

Today Sam is jumping. Yesterday Sam jumped.

Today Sam is shouting. Yesterday Sam shouted.

Today Sam is talking. Yesterday Sam talked.

Today Sam is floating. Yesterday Sam floated.

Today Sam is playing. Yesterday Sam played.

Today Sam is skipping. Yesterday Sam skipped.

Today Sam is hopping. Yesterday Sam hopped.

Today Sam is laughing. Yesterday Sam laughed.

Today Sam is acting. Yesterday Sam acted.

1. Write a pair of sentences using each verb. In the first sentence, the verb should be in the present tense. In the second sentence, the verb should be in the past tense.

2. Copy and complete this chart.

jump shout talk float play skip hop laugh act

Practise your punctuation

1. Punctuate these sentences correctly.
2. Underline the verb in each sentence.
3. Rewrite each sentence, changing the verb into the past tense.

a) the children are climbing the tree.

b) beth is sucking her thumb.

c) andy and dan are playing in the park.

d) i am writing a poem about the butterfly.

e) the dog is chasing the postman.

a) The children are climbing the tree.

b) Beth is sucking her thumb.

c) Andy and Dan are playing in the park.

d) I am writing a poem about the butterfly.

e) The dog is chasing the postman.

a) The children climbed the tree.

b) Beth sucked her thumb.

c) Andy and Dan played in the park.

d) I wrote a poem about the butterfly.

e) The dog chased the postman.

Adverbs

An adverb is a word which gives more meaning to a verb. Many adverbs tell us how something happened.

The sun shone brightly.

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Unit 10

This is an adverb. It tells us how the sun shone.

Learning objectives:

• To be able to change adjectives into adverbs.
• To be able to use adverbs.

Many adverbs of manner (how adverbs) end in ly.

Open reading book with story containing adverbs

Game:

The class comes up with a verb and then one student acts out this verb in certain way (with an adverb). The class have to guess the adverb that was acted with the verb.

Discussion:

Pupils describe how they do the following actions each day:

I eat crisps …

I listen …

I sleep …

I whisper ...

I run ...

I argue …

Warm up

Practise

• I eat crisps noisily.
• I listen carefully.
• I sleep soundly.
• I whisper quietly.
• I run quickly.
• I argue crossly.

• The rail fell heavily.
• The river flowed rapidly.
• The boy spoke rudely.
• Shahla was dressed smartly.
• The time passed slowly.
• Cross the road safely.
• The girl sang loudly.
• The nurse treated me gently.

1. Complete each sentence with a suitable adverb from the box.

2. Copy the sentences. Underline the adverb in each one.

carefully quietly crossly soundly noisily quickly

Making sure

a) deep → deeply

b) light → lightly

c) proud → proudly

d) clever → cleverly

e) glad → gladly

f) fierce → fiercely

g) clear → clearly

h) slow → slowly

q) happy → happily

r) angry → angrily

s) heavy → heavily

t) hungry → hungrily

u) lucky → luckily

v) merry → merrily

w) easy → easily

x) lazy → lazily

i) humble → humbly

j) noble → nobly

k) gentle → gently

l) simple → simply

m) feeble → feebly

n) horrible → horribly

o) sensible → sensibly

p) terrible → terribly

1. Form an adverb from each adjective.

2. Copy and complete these adverbs webs.

eat

sing

talk

slowly

hungrily

quickly

happily

comfortably

loudly

softly

sharply

beautifully

quietly

loudly

softly

slowly

easily

quietly

Practise your punctuation

1. Punctuate this passage correctly.

2. Now underline all the adverbs in the passage.

The children were throwing things, running, shouting and laughing. What a noise! Mrs Turner walked quickly down the corridor. She stormed angrily into the room. Mrs Turner shouted loudly. The noise stopped suddenly. The children slowly returned to their seats and got on quietly with their work.

the children were throwing things running shouting and laughing what a noise mrs turner walked quickly down the corridor she stormed angrily into the room mrs turner shouted loudly the noise stopped suddenly the children slowly returned to their seats and got on quietly with their work

Progress Test A

1. Copy these sentences. Underline the subject in each one. Circle the verb.
1. My brother plays loud music.
2. Joanne sings very well.
3. I am sailing my boat this morning.
4. The passengers are boarding the bus.

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• Now write the sentences in the past tense.

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Yesterday my brother played loud music.

Yesterday Joanne sang very well.

Yesterday morning I sailed my boat.

Yesterday the passengers were boarding the bus.

3. Copy the chart, and write each noun in the correct column.

bird Coronation Street house Mrs Finch February day Jupiter holiday Fernbank Junior School Holland Diwali mother snow Joanne envelope King John

• Think of a suitable adverb to complete each sentence.
• Mark behaved very badly.
• The crowd shouted loudly.
• Last night the rain fell very heavily.
• The elephant lumbered slowly along.

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6. Copy and complete this chart.

1. There are leaves on the dinosaur.
2. There are fishes in the water.
3. Last night, I watched the football match.
4. When the dragon came, he burned the whole bridge.
5. After a time William kept on waiting.
6. I stabbed a piece of chicken with a fork.

4. Make up a sentence including each of these phrases.

• Choose a suitable adjective from the box to make each sentence more interesting.
• The puppy in the park was very playful.
• The car and the lorry were involved in a serious accident.
• The tall trees in the forest made it seem very dark.
• Tom was blinded by the bright sunlight.
• The stormy weather made the ferry crossing very unpleasant.
• It was difficult to move because the streets were so crowded.

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• Copy the sentences. In each sentence, underline the being verb and circle the doing verb.
• Alvin Moonburst is a pop singer who sings very well.
• The Romans were good soldiers who fought bravely.
• Dogs bark loudly but they are good pets.
• The doctor came when I was unwell.
• I am a good speller and score full marks in tests.
• Toffees are my favourite sweets and I eat lots of them.

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playful, tall, crowded, stormy, serious, bright

Pronouns

A pronoun is a word which takes the place of a noun.

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In this sentence we use the pronoun he instead of the noun Fitzherbert.

This stops us from repeating ourselves and sounds better.

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Unit 11

Fitzherbert knew that Fitzherbert was different from the others.

Fitzherbert knew that he was different from the others.

Learning objectives:

• To be able to identify pronouns.
• To be able to use pronouns.

Listen to the Audio link for this story

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Practise

Copy these sentences. Use pronouns from the box to complete them.

1. The children were sad when they were told off.
2. Rachel said that she was fed up.
3. Do you like chips? Yes, I do!
4. Pass the ball to me, Tom shouted.
5. Katie asked Harry to give her a sweet.
6. When Dan got home he watched television.
7. Where is the ball? It is under the chair.
8. Come with us. We are going shopping, the girls said.
9. The birds flew away when the cat chased them.
10. Lisa smiled at Dan. He smiled back at her.

he, him, it, you, I, me, they, them, we, us, she, her

Making sure

Copy the sentences. Replace each of the underlined nouns with a pronoun.

Pick up your book and put it on your desk.

My sister and I are going on holiday because we like the sun.

Ben knew exactly what to do when he saw the robber.

When the girl walked in the rain she got wet.

Mrs Blake gave Tom a hug because she loved him.

The race was very important. It turned out to be very exciting.

After the woman had read the book she returned it to the library.

Ann and I spent the night at a hotel. We left the next morning.

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1. Pick up your book and put your book on your desk.

2. My sister and I are going on holiday because my sister and I like the sun.

3. Ben knew exactly what to do when Ben saw the robber.

4. When the girl walked in the rain the girl got wet.

5. Mrs Blake gave Tom a hug because Mrs Blake loved Tom.

6. The race was very important. The race turned out to be very exciting.

7. After the woman had read the book the woman returned the book to the library.

8. Ann and I spent the night at a hotel. Ann and I left the next morning.

Practise your punctuation

Punctuate these sentences correctly and underline all the pronouns in the sentences.

1. We live in a big house with a large garage. I keep a bike, a sledge, a go-kart and some footballs in it.
2. Pull the rope hard. If you let it go, the post will fall.
3. The television programme bored me. It was very dull. Even the adverts were boring. They were too old.
4. We went to the match. Mr Smart gave us a lift.
5. Joe asked Mrs Crown the way to the shop. She told him how to get there.
6. Give me an apple please.

1. we live in a big house with a large garage I keep a bike a sledge a go-kart and some footballs in it
2. pull the rope hard if you let it go the post will fall
3. the television programme bored me it was very dull even the adverts were boring they were too old
4. we went to the match mr smart gave us a lift
5. joe asked mrs crown the way to the shop she told him how to get there
6. give me an apple please

Conjunctions

A conjunction (sometimes called a connective) is a joining word.

A conjunction is a word we use to join two sentences together to make one longer sentence.

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We have used the conjunction and to join the two sentences.

Notice how the second sentence has been changed slightly.

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Unit 12

The dragon went on a journey.

The dragon left the man to guard his treasure.

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The dragon went on a journey and left the man to guard his treasure.

Learning objectives:

• To be able to identify conjunctions.
• Can join two sentences together.

Practise

Make each pair of sentences into one longer sentence. Use either the conjunction and or the conjunction but.

• The gorilla looked fierce. It was really rather tame.

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• Jack went to the shop. He bought a comic.

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• The referee blew the whistle. The game began.

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• My favourite food is chips. You prefer baked beans.

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• The lion chased the zebra. It sprung on its back.

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• It rained heavily. The game continued.

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• Mum grabbed her umbrella. She went out into the rain.

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• Gary did ten spellings. He got two wrong.

Tip:

If you use the conjunction and you don’t need the pronoun e.g.

Jack went to the market. He sold his cow.

Jack went to the market and sold his cow.

The gorilla looked fierce but it was really rather tame.

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Jack went to the shop and bought a comic.

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The referee blew the whistle and the game began.

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My favourite food is chips but you prefer baked beans.

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The lion chased the zebra and sprung on its back.

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It rained heavily but the game continued.

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Mum grabbed her umbrella and went out into the rain.

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Gary did ten spellings but he got two wrong.

We use but when the first sentence is the opposite of the second sentence.

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Gran is old but Leanne is young.

Making sure

1. Make each pair of sentences into one longer sentence. Use either the conjunction because or the conjunction so.

2. Copy these sentences. Underline the conjunction in each one.

• I went to bed early because I was tired.
• I felt sick so we hurried home.
• It was raining so we could not go out.
• Dan washed his hands because they were dirty.
• Jack overslept so he was late for work.
• I want to eat something because I am hungry.
• The dog barked because the cat came.
• There was a fire so we shouted for help.

• Mark kept on trying until he passed his driving test.
• I hurt my leg when I was playing football.
• You must wash up before you go to bed.
• I have felt ill since I ate the cake you made.
• I washed the car while you were asleep.

Tip:

When using because the second sentence gives the reason for the first sentence. When using so the first sentence gives the reason for the second sentence.

Practise your punctuation

1. Punctuate these pairs of sentences correctly.
2. Now rewrite the pairs of sentences. Make them into one sentence.

• the haunted house was old it stood in the middle of a dark forest
• the footballer was injured he was taken to hospital.
• the dragon was angry it was caught in a trap
• the man was lucky he won the lottery
• the wind was strong it blew down several trees
• the child was frightened he ran away to london

• The haunted house was old. It stood in the middle of a dark forest.
• The footballer was injured. He was taken to hospital.
• The dragon was angry. It was caught in a trap.
• The man was lucky. He won the lottery.
• The wind was strong. It blew down several trees.
• The child was frightened. He ran away to london.

• The haunted house was old and stood in the middle of a dark forest.
• The footballer was injured so he was taken to hospital.
• The dragon was angry because it was caught in a trap.
• The man was lucky because he won the lottery.
• The wind was strong and it blew down several trees.
• The child was frightened so he ran away to london.

More about Adjectives

An adjective is a describing word.

Adjectives tell us more about nouns.

Adjectives make writing more interesting.

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Numbers are often used as adjectives.

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Adjectives can tell us the order of nouns.

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Adjectives can add colour.

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Adjectives can describe feelings.

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Unit 13

There were three cars.

The second car was an estate car.

Joe liked the red car best.

He was very excited when he bought it.

Learning objectives:

• Know adjectives of number, order, colour and feeling.
• Can write sentences around adjectives.

Practise

1. Copy these sentences. Choose a suitable colour, number or order adjective to complete each one.

• I bought a bunch of yellow bananas.
• I won the first prize and Billy won the second prize.
• Calum bought a bag of red cherries.
• It takes two people to make a quarrel.
• In autumn, orange leaves fall from the trees.
• The swan was as white as snow.
• Sophie’s skirt was as green as grass.
• There are eleven players in a football team.

Making sure

• I felt angry when my mother told me to go to my room.
• Ali felt excited when the football match started.
• Jane was jealous when she saw another girl with lots of sweets.
• At school I was bored when I finished all the work.
• He felt brave because he had jumped from the 10 meter diving board.
• The small boy was lonely when he was left at home on his own.
• Mrs Smith was worried because she could’t find her phone.
• The burglar was surprised when he found no money was in the safe.
• I would feel shy if I had to make a speech in front of people.
• The cat was curious when she found a mouse hole.

1. Find a suitable ending to each of these sentences. Write these sentences.

2. Say which you think is better. Explain why.

3. Say which you think is worse. Explain why.

Practise your punctuation

1. Punctuate these sentences correctly.
2. Now underline all the adjectives in the sentences you have written.

• have you felt lazy have you ever wanted to stay in bed all day
• dan felt happy he felt contented satisfied pleased and delighted all at the same time
• edward threw the ball at sue unfortunately it missed and hit the window crash mr clark appeared at the door looking very angry
• it was shireens ninth birthday she had invited four friends to her party sam nazma dan and dean all came

• Have you felt lazy? Have you ever wanted to stay in bed all day?
• Dan felt happy. He felt contented, satisfied, pleased and delighted all at the same time.
• Edward threw the ball at Sue. Unfortunately, it missed and hit the window. Crash! Mr Clark appeared at the door looking very angry.
• It was Shireen’s ninth birthday. She had invited four friends to her party. Sam, Nazma, Dan and Dean all came.

Prepositions

Unit 14

A preposition is a word that tells us the position of one thing in relation to another.

The alien had two curly horns on its head.

Between its eyes it had a pointed nose.

Under its nose was a large mouth with sharp teeth.

These words are prepositions.

Learning objectives:

• Pupils can understand where a preposition is indicating something is.
• Pupils can apply prepositions appropriately.

Practise

Copy these sentences.

Choose a suitable preposition from the box to complete each one.

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• The green alien is in the spacecraft.
• The red alien is on the ladder.
• The orange alien is climbing into the spaceship.
• The blue alien is under the spacecraft.
• The yellow alien is between the spacecraft and the rock.
• The purple alien is beside the rock.
• The pink alien is behind the rock.
• The brown alien is flying above the rock.

into between behind in

on above beside under

Making sure

Think of a preposition to complete each sentence.

1. Tara received a lovely present from her aunt.

2. John draped his coat over a chair.

3. The pirate gold was buried under the ground.

4. Mrs West turned off the light by her bed.

5. The dog chased after the cat at great speed.

6. Jamal ran on the race track twice.

7. The robber threw the stone at the shop window.

8. The car crashed into the traffic lights.

9. The lottery money was divided between two winners.

10. The magician pulled a rabbit from his hat.

Practise your punctuation

2. Now underline the preposition in each sentence.

1. Write the sentences with the correct punctuation.

Match the beginning and ending of each sentence.

Adjectives (comparatives and superlatives)

Unit 15

An adjective is a describing word.

When we compare two nouns we use a comparative adjective.

When we compare three or more nouns we use a superlative adjective.

This is an adjective.

This is a comparative adjective.

Many comparative adjectives end in er.

The Moon is big.

The Earth is bigger.

This is a superlative adjective.

Many superlative adjectives end in est.

The Sun is the biggest.

Practise

Copy and complete this chart.

Making sure

1. Write the comparative and superlative forms of each adjective.

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a) wise →

b) brave →

c) safe →

d) pale →

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m) sad →

n) wet →

o) thin →

p) slim →

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e) strange →

f) tame →

g) white →

h) large →

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i) hot →

j) big →

k) fat →

l) red →

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q) busy →

r) heavy →

s) noisy →

t) lucky →

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u) pretty →

v) happy →

w) ugly→

x) dry →

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a) wise → wiser → wisest

b) brave → braver → bravest

c) safe → safer → safest

d) pale → paler → palest

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e) strange → stranger → strangest

f) tame → tamer → tamest

g) white → whiter → whitest

h) large → larger → largest

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i) hot → hotter → hottest

j) big → bigger → biggest

k) fat → fatter → fattest

l) red → redder → reddest

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m) sad → sadder → saddest

n) wet → wetter → wettest

o) thin → thinner → thinnest

p) slim → slimmer → slimmest

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q) busy → busier → busiest

r) heavy → heavier → heaviest

s) noisy → noisier → noisiest

t) lucky → luckier → luckiest

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u) pretty → prettier → prettiest

v) happy → happier → happiest

w) ugly→ uglier → ugliest

x) dry → drier → driest

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If the adjective ends in e just add r or st

If the adjective ends with a short vowel and a consonant double the consonant.

If the adjective ends with y change it to an i then add er or est.

Making sure

2. Copy these sentences. Choose a comparative or superlative adjective to fill each space.

a) A rhinoceros is fat. A hippo is fatter but an elephant is fattest.

b) Ann is pretty. Kim is prettier but Sam is prettiest.

c) My rabbit is tame. My cat is tamer but my dog is tamest.

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Practise your punctuation

1. Punctuate these sentences correctly.

2. In the sentences you have written:

a) underline the comparative adjectives

b) circle the superlative adjectives

• gorillas live in africa they are taller stronger fiercer and heavier than humans
• the three aliens approached the red one was hairy and the blue one was hairier still but the purple one was the hairiest thing I have ever seen

1. Gorillas live in Africa. They are taller, stronger, fiercer and heavier than humans.
2. The three aliens approached the red one was hairy and the blue one was hairier still, but the purple one was the hairiest thing I have ever seen.

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Opposites (verbs)

Unit 16

Opposites are words whose meanings are as different as possible from each other.

The bus driver loaded the luggage.

The bus driver unloaded the luggage.

These verbs have opposite meanings.

We can sometimes give a verb the opposite meaning by adding a prefix like un or dis to the beginning of the verb.

Practise

1. Write the opposite of each of these verbs by adding the prefix un.

2. Rewrite these sentences. Change each verb to give the sentence the opposite meaning.

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a) wrap → unwrap

b) pack → unpack

c) dress → undress

d) do → undo

e) tie → untie

f) cover → uncover

g) buckle → unbuckle

h) bolt → unbolt

• Maria packed her case on Saturday.
• Ahmed soon got dressed.
• The knight buckled his belt.
• The old lady unbolted the door.
• Sue unwrapped the present carefully.

• Maria unpacked her case on Saturday.
• Ahmed soon got undressed.
• The knight unbuckled his belt.
• The old lady bolted the door.
• Sue wrapped the present carefully.

Making sure

1. Write the opposite of each of these verbs by adding the prefix dis.

2. Rewrite these sentences. Change each verb to give the sentence the opposite meaning.

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a) trust → distrust

b) agree → disagree

c) like → dislike

d) obey → disobey

e) connect → disconnect

f) please → displease

g) appear → disappear

h) allow → disallow

i) arm → disarm

• Suddenly, as if by magic, the fluffy white rabbit appeared.
• The footballer players all agreed with the referee.
• I really like sprouts.
• The plumber called to connect the water supply.
• Children always obey their parents!
• Tom knew just how to displease his teacher.
• The referee disallowed the goal.
• The bandits were soon disarmed.
• The police officer distrusted the shopkeeper.

• Suddenly, as if by magic, the fluffy white rabbit disappeared.
• The footballer players all disagreed with the referee.
• I really dislike sprouts.
• The plumber called to disconnect the water supply.
• Children always disobey their parents!
• Tom knew just how to please his teacher.
• The referee allowed the goal.
• The bandits were soon armed.
• The police officer trusted the shopkeeper.

Practise your punctuation

1. Punctuate these sentences correctly.
2. In these sentences you have written:

a) underline the verbs b) change each verb to give the sentence the opposite meaning, and write the new sentence.

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• mr barnes filled the watering can
• joe carra mark and shireen arrive on friday
• when did you sell that lovely picture
• mrs simons lost her purse in the grass
• the children whispered to each other
• the soldiers captured some spies

1. Mr Barnes filled the watering can.
2. Joe, Carra, Mark and Shireen arrive on Friday.
3. When did you sell that lovely picture?
4. Mrs Simons lost her purse in the grass.
5. The children whispered to each other.
6. The soldiers captured some spies.

• Mr Barnes emptied the watering can.
• Joe, Carra, Mark and Shireen leave on Friday.
• When did you buy that lovely picture?
• Mrs Simons found her purse in the grass.
• The children shouted at each other.
• The soldiers released some spies.

Apostrophes (contractions)

Learning objectives:

• Pupils understand that an apostrophe can be used in place of letters.

Unit 17

An apostrophe is a punctuation mark. This is an apostrophe: ’

We use an apostrophe to show that one or more letters are missing.

We sometimes join two words together and miss out some letters.

We call these words contractions. (To contract means to shorten.)

This is a contraction.

I’m is short for I am.

This is a contraction.

Let’s is short for let us.

Let’s go shopping.

I’m bored.

Practise

1. Write these out in full.
2. Write each of these next to its contraction.

a) couldn’t →

b) haven’t →

c) aren’t →

d) isn’t →

e) hasn’t →

f) don’t →

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a) it is →

b) we are →

c) I have →

d) she would →

e) we will →

f) who is →

g) I am →

h) you have →

i) you are →

j) I would →

k) we have →

l) he is →

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a) couldn’t → could not

b) haven’t → have not

c) aren’t → are not

d) isn’t → is not

e) hasn’t → has not

f) don’t → do not

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a) it is → it’s

b) we are → we’re

c) I have → I’ve

d) she would → she’d

e) we will → we’ll

f) who is → who’s

g) I am → I’m

h) you have → you’ve

i) you are → you’re

j) I would → I’d

k) we have → we’ve

l) he is → he’s

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Making sure

1. Copy each sentence, writing complete words instead of contractions.

2. Copy each sentence, writing a contraction where possible.

1. I’ve got a new bike.
2. I’m going to France.
3. She’s a good swimmer.
4. It’s no good. You’ll have to try harder.
5. We’re having a great time.
6. I’m sure you’d like it.
7. We’ll all do it together.
8. It isn’t fair.

• Do not do it!
• I have not got any money.
• The tigers were not very fierce.
• I will call for you later.
• Who is that?
• We have scored two goals.
• I would help if I could.
• They are in bed.

I have got a new bike.

I am going to France.

She is a good swimmer.

It is no good. You will have to try harder.

We are having a great time.

I am sure you would like it.

We will all do it together.

It is not fair.

Don’t do it!

I haven’t got any money.

The tigers weren’t very fierce.

I’ll call for you later.

Who’s that?

We’ve scored two goals.

I’d help if I could.

They’re in bed.

Practise your punctuation

1. Punctuate this conversation correctly.

2. Now underline any contractions in the sentences you have written.

emma: Ive got a good joke do you want to hear it

edward: I hope its a good one

emma: what do you call a camel with three humps

edward: I dont know

emma: humphrey

edward: thats the worst joke youve ever told me

Emma: I’ve got a good joke. Do you want to hear it?

Edward: I hope it’s a good one.

Emma: What do you call a camel with three humps?

Edward: I don’t know!

Emma: Humphrey!

Edward: That’s the worst joke you’ve ever told me.

Sentences (subject and predicate)

Unit 18

Every simple sentence can be divided into two parts: a subject and a predicate.

This is the subject of the sentence.

The subject is the main thing or person.

This is the predicate.

The predicate is the rest of the sentence.

It always contains a verb which tells us what is happening.

The chicken

laid an egg.

Practise

Match these subjects and predicates to make simple sentences. Write the sentences.

1. The snake

2. A grey cat

3. Bakers

4. Comedians

5. Robin Hood

6. My pet dog

7. Some fishing boats

8. The busy doctor

bake bread.

visited the sick child.

chugged out of the harbour.

hid in Sherwood Forest.

slithered through the grass.

jumped over the fence.

tell jokes.

was chewing a bone.

Making sure

a) My youngest brother eats a lot of pizzas.

b) The big black crow flew into the clear blue sky.

c) A fierce wild dog snarled at the frightened boy.

d) Three strong men pushed the car back on to the road.

e) Some straggly sheep were grazing in the field.

f) Kieran and Jayesh ran into the cave as fast as they could.

g) The new dentist inspected my teeth.

h) The teacher in the playground blew the whistle.

i) A small fishing boat was battered by the huge waves.

j) The metal robot moved with strange clanking sounds.

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1. Copy these sentences. In each one, circle the subject and underline the predicate.

2. Now tick the verbs in the sentences you have written.

Practise your punctuation

1. the hungry tiger pounced on sara

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• the guide dog found the injured explorer on top of the icy mountain

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• the police officer chased the young burglar

• a red sports car crashed into the back of the coach

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• the dragon ate prince rupert for breakfast

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• the wise old wizard turned tess into a toad

1. Punctuate these sentences correctly.

2. Rewrite the sentences, changing the subject in each.

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The hungry tiger pounced on Sara.

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The guide dog found the injured explorer on top of the icy mountain.

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The police officer chased the young burglar.

A red sports car crashed into the back of the coach.

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The dragon ate Prince Rupert for breakfast.

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The wise old wizard turned Tess into a toad.

Practise your punctuation

The hungry tiger pounced on Sara.

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The guide dog found the injured explorer on top of the icy mountain.

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The police officer chased the young burglar.

A red sports car crashed into the back of the coach.

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The dragon ate Prince Rupert for breakfast.

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The wise old wizard turned Tess into a toad.

Sara pounced on the hungry tiger.

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The injured explorer found the guide dog on top of the icy mountain.

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The young burglar chased the police officer.

The coach crashed into the back of a red sports car.

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Prince Rupert ate the dragon for breakfast.

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Tess turned the wise old wizard into a toad.

1. Punctuate these sentences correctly.

2. Rewrite the sentences, changing the subject in each.

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Direct speech

Unit 19

When we write down the exact words that someone has spoken we call this direct speech.

We use inverted commas to mark the beginning and end of what the person said. These are inverted commas: “ ”

The waitress said, “Here is your soup.”

This is exactly what the waitress said.

Everything she said goes inside the inverted commas.

Practise

Copy these sentences, putting in the inverted commas.

• The lady said, I would like some soup, please.
• The waitress asked, Which soup would you like?
• The lady replied, What sort of soup have you got?
• The waitress said, You can have tomato or vegetable soup.
• The lady said, I’ll have tomato soup.
• The waitress replied, I’ll go and get it for you.

• The lady said, “I would like some soup, please.”
• The waitress asked, “Which soup would you like?”
• The lady replied, “What sort of soup have you got?”
• The waitress said, “You can have tomato or vegetable soup.”
• The lady said, “I’ll have tomato soup.”
• The waitress replied, “I’ll go and get it for you.”

Making sure

Copy the sentences, putting in what you think each person is saying.

• The doctor asked, “What’s wrong with you?”

The child replied, “I have a pain in my arm!”

• The man shouted, “Help me!”

The woman shouted back, “Don’t worry, I’m coming.”

• Dan said, “Does you know how to get there?”

Lisa answered, “Yes.”

• Mrs Franks asked, “Which dress do you like?”

Joanne replied, “I like the one with hearts.”

Practise your punctuation

Punctuate these sentences correctly.

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• the troll roared why are you walking on my bridge dan replied Im walking because I cant fly

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• the car mechanic said theres a problem with the steering wheel mrs monk asked can you mend it by saturday

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• mr ford said you can have hamburger pizza curry or fish fingers for tea john answered Ill have hamburger and chips please

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• the teacher asked where do you think youre going beth said Im going home for dinner

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• jo asked what do you call someone who has jelly and custard in their ears carra said I dont know jo smiled and a trifle deaf

The troll roared, “Why are you walking on my bridge?” Dan replied “I’m walking because I can’t fly.”

The car mechanic said, “There’s a problem with the steering wheel.” Mrs Monk asked, “Can you mend it by Saturday?”

Mr Ford said, “You can have hamburger, pizza, curry or fish finger for tea.” John answered, “I’ll have hamburger and chips please.”

The teacher asked, “Where do you think you’re going?” Beth said, “I’m going home for dinner.”

Jo asked, “What do you call someone who has jelly and custard in their ears?” Carra said, “I don’t know!” Jo smiled and said, “A trifle deaf.”

Positive and Negative Sentences

Unit 20

A positive word or sentence is one that means yes.

A negative word or sentence is the opposite. It means no.

This sentence has a negative meaning.

The main negative in English is not or n’t.

I don’t like the picture.

I like the picture.

This sentence has a positive meaning.

Practise

1. Decide whether each sentence is positive or negative.
2. Now rewrite each sentence, giving it the opposite meaning.

I am not fond of spiders

I can finish this sum.

I like swimming.

The sun is very hot.

Those animals are not very tame.

Paris is in Scotland.

Gary can ride a bicycle.

These questions are not easy.

Sasha isn’t the best speller in the class.

Camping is not allowed in the forest.

1. I am fond of spiders.
2. I can’t finish this sum.
3. I don’t like swimming.
4. The sun isn’t very hot.
5. Those animals are very tame.
6. Paris is not in Scotland.
7. Gary can’t ride a bicycle.
8. These questions are easy.
9. Sasha is the best speller in the class.
10. Camping is allowed in the forest.

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positive

positive

positive

positive

positive

negative

negative

negative

negative

negative

Making sure

1. Make each of these sentences negative. You may need to change them a little.
1. The dragon blew smoke through its nostrils.
2. Olivia plays the guitar.
3. The fire burned for three days.
4. The giraffe ate the leaves from the trees.
5. Mr Jones caught the last bus home.
2. Make each of these sentences positive.
1. The washing did not dry very well.
2. Henry was not a king of England.
3. Please don’t wear your best clothes.
4. The hedgehog does not hibernate in winter.
5. It’s not true!
3. What does each of these negative signs mean?

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​

1. The dragon did not blow smoke through its nostrils.
2. Olivia does not play the guitar.
3. The fire didn’t burn for three days.
4. The giraffe didn’t eat the leaves from the trees.
5. Mr Jones didn’t catch the last bus home.

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1. The washing dried very well.
2. Henry was a king of England.
3. Please wear your best clothes.
4. The hedgehog hibernates in winter.
5. It’s true!

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1. Do not go.
2. Do not go left.
3. Do not turn around in the road.
4. Do not overtake.
5. Do not cycle.

Practise your punctuation

1. Punctuate this passage correctly.

2. Now rewrite the passage using only positive sentences.

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Rabbits do not come out to feed early in the morning. They don’t sleep during the day in their burrows. Their ears aren’t very long so rabbits can’t hear very well. They can not easily escape from their enemies because they are not able to run very fast. Rabbits don’t have sharp front teeth. They do not like nibbling carrots and lettuces.

Rabbits come out to feed early in the morning. They sleep during the day in their burrows. Their ears are very long so rabbits can hear very well. They can easily escape from their enemies because they are able to run very fast. Rabbits do have sharp front teeth. They like nibbling carrots and lettuces.

rabbits do not come out to feed early in the morning they dont sleep during the day in their burrows their ears arent very long so rabbits cant hear very well they can not easily escape from their enemies because they are not able to run very fast rabbits dont have sharp front teeth they do not like nibbling carrots and lettuces

Progress Test B

• Complete each of these sentences with a suitable colour, order or number adjective.

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1. There are five cars.
2. The fourth car is purple.
3. The third car is green.
4. The third car is green.
5. The yellow car is second.
6. The fifth car is turquoise.

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2. Copy these phrases and underline the preposition in each one.

1. playing in the park
2. sitting on the chair
3. running through the woods
4. flying over the sea
5. swimming under the water
6. standing by a tree
7. stopping outside a shop
8. going up the stairs

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3. Copy these pairs of sentences. Replace each of the underlined nouns with a suitable pronoun from the box. You can use each pronoun more than once.
1. The boy could not carry the box. The box was too heavy for the boy.
2. Mrs Bryant bought a new car. Mrs Bryant paid a lot for the new car.
3. The firefighters fought the fire. The firefighters took a long time to put the fire out.
4. Hannah keeps goldfish. Hannah feeds the goldfish every day.
5. Sam and Ben have a dog called Sally. Sam and Ben take Sally for walks.

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• Make each pair of sentences into one larger sentence.

Choose a conjunction from the brackets.

1. Dad bought a new suit. It was too big for him. (and/but)
2. It was an easy test. I finished it quickly. (if/so)
3. I have a drink. I am thirsty. (and/when)
4. You will be late for school. You do not hurry. (because/if)
5. Sam picked an apple. She ate it straight away. (and/but)
6. The lady put her her umbrella. It was raining. (until/because)

• Dad bought a new suit but it was too big for him.
• It was an easy test so I finished it quickly.
• I have a drink when I am thirsty.
• You will be late for school if you do not hurry.
• Sam picked an apple and she ate it straight away.
• The lady put her her umbrella because it was raining.

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1. The boy could not carry the box. It was too heavy for him. .
2. Mrs Bryant bought a new car. She paid a lot for it. .
3. The firefighters fought the fire. They took a long time to put it out. .
4. Hannah keeps goldfish. She feeds it every day. .
5. Sam and Ben have a dog called Sally. They take her for walks. .

them it him they she her

• Copy these sentences. In each sentence, circle the subject and underline the predicate.
• My sister can stand on her head.
• Our classroom has thirty desks.
• The sun shone brightly all day.
• The flag was very colourful.
• Several horses galloped around the field.
• The big brown dog is barking furiously.
• Youssef wrote a good story.
• The noisy children were playing football.

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• Each of these sentences below is positive. Change each one into a negative sentence.
• My sister can stand on her head.
• Our classroom has thirty desks.
• The sun shone brightly all day.
• The flag was very colourful.
• Several horses galloped around the field.
• The big brown dog is barking furiously.
• Youssef didn’t write a good story.
• The noisy children were playing football.

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7. Copy and complete this chart.

• My sister can’t stand on her head.
• Our classroom does not have thirty desks.
• The sun didn’t shine brightly all day.
• The flag wasn’t very colourful.
• Several horses didn’t gallop around the field.
• The big brown dog isn’t barking furiously.
• Youssef didn’t write a good story.
• The noisy children weren’t playing football.

8. Add dis, mis or un at the beginning of the verb to give it the opposite meaning.

1. obey →
2. understand →
3. screw →
4. lock →
5. approve →
6. appear →
7. behave →
8. read →
9. load →
10. place →
11. own →
12. do →
13. coil →
14. connect →
15. calculate →

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• obey → disobey
• understand → misunderstand
• screw → unscrew
• lock → unlock
• approve → disapprove
• appear → disappear
• behave → misbehave
• read → unread/misread
• load → unload
• place → displace
• own → disown
• do → undo
• coil → uncoil
• connect → disconnect
• calculate → miscalculate

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9. Match these sentence beginnings and endings. Write each sentence correctly.

Assessment quizes