Sterilization and Disinfectants in the Operating Theater

This presentation will cover essential aspects of sterilization and disinfection in the operating theater. We will explore key methods, effective agents, and crucial checks to maintain a sterile environment.

by Dr vinod

Ensuring Asepsis: An Overview

Aseptic Principles

Preventing contamination is paramount in surgical settings. Strict adherence to aseptic techniques reduces infection risks.

Sterilization

Eliminates all forms of microbial life. This includes spores, viruses, and bacteria.

Disinfection

Reduces harmful microorganisms. It does not eliminate bacterial spores.

Chemical Sterilization Methods

Ethylene Oxide (EO)

Low-temperature sterilization for heat-sensitive items. Requires aeration due to toxicity.

Hydrogen Peroxide Plasma

Rapid, low-temperature method. Uses plasma for effective sterilization. Leaves no toxic residues.

Glutaraldehyde

High-level disinfection for immersible instruments. Requires proper ventilation and contact time.

Physical Sterilization Techniques

Steam Sterilization (Autoclave)

Most common and reliable method. Uses saturated steam under pressure. Effective for heat-stable instruments.

Dry Heat Sterilization

Suitable for materials sensitive to moisture. Slower process. Used for powders and oils.

Ionizing Radiation

Used for pre-packaged, single-use medical devices. Gamma rays or electron beams sterilize products.

Disinfectants in the Operating Theater

Alcohols

Rapid-acting, non-corrosive. Used for skin antisepsis and surface disinfection.

Chlorine Compounds

Broad-spectrum germicides. Effective against bacteria and viruses. Used for environmental surfaces.

Quaternary Ammonium Compounds

Good for general cleaning and disinfection. Less effective against spores. Used for floors and walls.

Peracetic Acid

High-level disinfectant. Rapid action. Biodegradable and environmentally friendly.

Methods of Checking Sterilization Markers

Biological Indicators

Gold standard for sterility assurance. Contains resistant bacterial spores. Confirms sterilization cycle efficacy.

Chemical Indicators

Changes color or form in response to sterilization parameters. Provides immediate visual feedback. Includes external and internal indicators.

Physical Monitors

Gauge readings and printouts from sterilizers. Verifies time, temperature, and pressure. Ensures cycle parameters are met.

Biological Indicators in Detail

Steam Sterilization

Geobacillus stearothermophilus

Autoclaves

Ethylene Oxide

Bacillus atrophaeus

EO gas sterilizers

Dry Heat

Bacillus atrophaeus

Dry heat ovens

Hydrogen Peroxide Plasma

Geobacillus stearothermophilus

Plasma sterilizers

Biological indicators are crucial for validating sterilization processes. They contain highly resistant spores, confirming the destruction of all microbial life.

Key Takeaways and Next Steps

Prioritize Asepsis

Consistent practice of sterilization and disinfection protocols is non-negotiable.

Verify Efficacy

Regularly check sterilization markers: biological, chemical, and physical.

Continuous Education

Stay updated on best practices and new technologies. Attend regular training sessions.

Maintaining a sterile operating environment is a continuous effort. Diligence and adherence to protocols are vital for patient safety and successful surgical outcomes.