INTRO TO UNIT ONE:
The birth of exploration and how three continents collided
MIGRATION
When people or animals move from one region to another
The Earliest Americans
*many scientists believe that humans migrated from ASIA to North America many years ago.
*HOW? They believe that oceans levels were 300 feet lower than today, allowing people to cross over just like they would any type of land.
*WHY? They were most likely following animals in search of food for survival
During the last Ice Age:
While important cultures developed all over the world, we will be focusing on Europe for Unit 1. It was here that the age of discovery began. Why here?
*cultures were highly developed and hungry for more knowledge and power
*as rival nations competed for power, the competition led to pushing the known limits
*this competition fueled new technologies, bigger ships, and a hunger for discovery
*the Age of Exploration eventually led to the English Colonies being formed and eventually the United States of America
AGE OF DISCOVERY - BEGINS IN 1400
WHY DID IT TAKE SO LONG FOR NATIONS TO EXPLORE BY SEA?
TRAVEL WAS DIFFICULT AND DANGEROUS
MOST PEOPLE COULDN’T READ OR WRITE
THERE WERE VERY FEW MAPS AROUND, AND MOST WEREN’T GOOD
FEUDALISM KEPT PEOPLE STUCK IN A SYSTEM WITH FEW OPTIONS BUT MERE SURVIVAL
THE VIKINGS TO NORTH AMERICA (1000 AD)
EXCEPTIONS
A FEW ITALIAN
MERCHANTS TO CHINA (Marco Polo 1271)
At age 17, Marco Polo traveled to China with his father and uncle. Along the journey they escaped bandits, wild animals, illness, and harsh weather conditions. After 4 long years, they finally arrived in China. They found spices, jewels, and silks. Marco lived here for 17 years before the ruler allowed him to return home. The return back took 3 years.
Polo was soon captured in a war, and while in prison, he told his stories to a writer, who wrote “The Travels of Marco Polo.” Because of this book, many Europeans became interested in going back. Some thought there could be a water route to get there.
1271-1275
1292-1295
THE SEARCH FOR RESOURCES AND WEALTH BECOMES THE AGE OF DISCOVERY
THE POWERS THAT CONQUERED THE SEA:
PORTUGAL SPAIN
ENGLAND FRANCE
THE NETHERLANDS ITALY
Meanwhile, in present day United States...
*tribes often fought and killed each other (usually over food supply)
*tribes were very different (sometimes within 50 miles tribes could be completely different)
*hard to unify tribes for alliance (language sometimes different, goals different)
*The Iroquois League was one powerful alliance of 5 tribes.
Native American tribes could best be described as:
*not very unified
*constantly bickering and fighting for survival
*easy to be conquered
Meanwhile, European explorers prepare to sail the Atlantic...
Why was a sea route to Asia so important?
What was the Northwest Passage?
How did the caravel and astrolabe improve exploration?
How did the Spanish treat natives as they colonized?
WENT TO THE AMERICAS: WENT TO EUROPE:
SOLVING THE FIGHTS BETWEEN SPAIN AND PORTUGAL
POPE’S LINE: (LINE OF DEMARCATION) IS IN THE PURPLE DOTTED LINE. FAIR??
SOLVING THE FIGHTS BETWEEN SPAIN AND PORTUGAL
POPE’S LINE: (LINE OF DEMARCATION) IS IN THE PURPLE DOTTED LINE. FAIR??
TREATY OF TORDESILLAS: leaders of Spain and Portugal moved the line to the West to be more fair
Martin Luther (a German monk) begins the Protestant Reformation and splits religion.