Ice Drilling Program
School of Ice
Decoding Ice Cores
Making Direct Measurements
Your Classroom Ideas
Direct Measurements Bill Grosser
I notice…
I wonder…
Exploration…
Data From Direct Measurements
Data obtained by actually measuring the variable of interest.
Collecting Direct Data
Growth Rings
Pith
Bark
Some tree ring facts…
Collecting Direct Data
Spring and Early
Summer Growth
Late Summer and
Fall Growth
Some tree ring facts…
Collecting Direct Data
Consensus:
A general agreement…
Scientific consensus: A general agreement among scientists regarding data and/or the story told by that data.
Example: There is scientific consensus that climate change is being caused by humans burning of fossil fuels.* (97% of climate scientists.)
Collecting Direct Data
How many years of climate data are captured in this tree sample?
Scientific Consensus
Collecting Direct Data
Ice Cores
Your Classroom Ideas
I notice…
I wonder…
Exploration…
Direct Measurements Bill Grosser
I notice…
I wonder???
Collecting Direct Data
Snowfall that accumulates in spring and summer forms light bands.
Some ice core facts…
Snowfall that accumulates in fall and winter forms dark bands.
1-year
Collecting Direct Data
How many years of climate data are captured in this ice core sample?
Scientific Consensus:
Claims and Evidence Based on Direct Data
Which climate record, tree slice or ice core, captured a longer span of Earth’s climate history?
The data suggest…
Evidence that supports this is…
Claims and Evidence…
Your Classroom Ideas
Page #
Direct Measurements Bill Grosser
Ice Cores vs. Tree Rings…
800,000 years
13,000 years
Which direct measurement record provides scientists with the longer view back into Earth’s climate history?
Ice Drilling Program
School of Ice
Decoding Ice Cores
Making Direct Measurements
www.icedrill-education.org
Ice Drilling Program
School of Ice
Decoding Ice Cores
Making Direct Measurements
www.icedrill-education.org
Ice Drilling Program
School of Ice
Decoding Ice Cores
Making Direct Measurements
www.icedrill-education.org
Ice Drilling Program
School of Ice
Decoding Ice Cores
Making Direct Measurements
www.icedrill-education.org
Five Lessons from a tree…
Lesson #1
First years of teaching involve fast growth….
Slowing down is natures way. Make sure you continue to grow a little each year!
Lessons from a tree…. #2
Grow fast, or grow slow… As long as you keep growing you can end up being a giant!
Lessons from a tree…. #3
Have faith in the heartwood during storms….
Heartwood
Years of growth that provide strength to survive storms.
New seasons of growth eventually make the heartwood stronger.
Lessons from a tree…. #4
If you survive the tough years, it makes you stronger!
Lessons from a tree…. #5
Lessons from a tree…. #5
It takes years of hard work nurturing the saplings to get a tree to bear fruit.
Lessons from a tree…
Eternal Verities
27. Nobody in the classroom learns more than the individual teaching the course for the first time.
Ice Drilling Program
School of Ice
Decoding Ice Cores
Making Direct Measurements
Your Classroom Ideas
Presentation Notes
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