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© Zug Zwang

An Overview of San Francisco

Marine Protected Areas�Your local on the water playground

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OVERVIEW OF PRESENTATION

  • Welcome to the San Francisco Bay
  • Science of marine conservation
  • Deep dive into local marine protected areas (MPAs)
  • Species you may encounter
  • Wildlife etiquette
  • Local engagement with your coast

© Chad King, NOAA

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WELCOME TO SAN FRANCISCO

SAN FRANCISCO

POINT ARENA

SAN JOSE

Monterey BAY

Crescent City

Ukiah

Bodega Bay

Point Arena

Fort Bragg

Crescent City

Ukiah

Bodega Bay

Point Arena

Fort Bragg

Google Earth

YOU ARE

HERE!

  • Founded June 29, 1776 by Spain

  • With density of 18,000 people per square mile, San Francisco is most densely populated city in California

  • The San Francisco Bay Area is home to 10 MPAs and 6 Special Closures:
    • 5 SMCAs (State Marine Conservation Area) = blue
    • 5 SMRs (State Marine Reserves) = red
    • Adjacent to the Greater Farallones National Marine Sanctuary (NMS) and Monterey Bay NMS

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INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES IN SAN FRANCISCO AREA

Ohlone are the predominant Indigenous group, including:

  • Chochenyo & Karkin in E Bay
  • Ramaytush in San Francisco
  • Yokuts in South Bay & Central Valley
  • Muwekma tribe –regional

Ohlone traded salt, mussels, abalone shells and dried abalone meat. So abundant was the wildlife near Mission Bay that fish could be scooped up by basketful.

Other indigenous tribes in the area include: Graton Rancheria community (Coast Miwok and Southern Pomo), Kashaya, Patwin, Mishewal Wappo in the North Bay, and Bay Miwok in the East Bay.

© Museum of Cal History

© Museum of Cal History

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MODERN DAY NATIVE COMMUNITIES

  • Bay Area has one of largest populations of Intertribal Native Americans in country with people from SW, Great Plains, and Eastern Woodlands

  • California now home to ~200 tribes, 109 of which are federally recognized

© Anza Trail NPS

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SAN FRANCISCO BAY WETLANDS, MARSHES, AND SWAMPS

  • Largest estuary on West Coast
  • Estuaries act as a doorway for ocean fish who spawn in freshwater streams such as coho salmon and steelhead trout
  • Protection for juveniles
  • 90% of the Bay Area’s salt marshes have been developed
    • Crissy Field in Golden Gate is an example of a successful salt marsh restoration project

© Cal Academy of Science

© Bill Larkin

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COASTAL RECREATION OPPORTUNITIES

© Rosa Laucci

TIDEPOOLING

HIKING

FISHING

© Sharon Hahn Darlin

© Nicholas D

© Rick Cameron

Go hiking or walking in:

  • Point Reyes National Seashore
  • Mount Tamalpais State Park
  • Mori Point, Pacifica
  • Oakland Redwood Regional Park
  • Fishermen’s Wharf

Certain take is allowed in:

  • Drakes Estero SMCA
  • Point Reyes SMCA
  • Duxbury Reef SMCA
  • Southeast Farallon Island SMCA
  • Pillar Point SMCA

Tidepool in:

  • Agate Beach/Duxbury Reef SMCA
  • China Beach
  • Pacifica State Beach
  • Montara SMR

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COASTAL RECREATION OPPORTUNITIES

BEACH PLAY

©tracy out west

KAYAKING

© City Kayak

© Jason St Peter

WILDLIFE VIEWING

Wildlife watching is popular at:

  • Point Reyes National Seashore
  • Duxbury Reef SMCA
  • Farallon Islands – trips from SF
  • Fishermen’s Wharf
  • Montara SMR

Go kayaking at:

  • Drakes Estero
  • Estero de Limantour
  • Sausalito
  • Alameda
  • McCovey Cove
  • Half Moon Bay

Enjoy a beach day at:

  • Drakes Beach
  • Sculptured Beach
  • Kelham Beach
  • Wildcat Beach
  • Bolinas Beach
  • Stinson Beach
  • Ocean Beach
  • Funston Beach

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COASTAL ACCESS POINTS

  1. Agate Beach
  2. Stinson Beach
  3. Muir Beach
  4. Embarcadero
  5. Fisherman’s Wharf
  6. Crissy Field Beach
  7. Marshall’s Beach
  8. Baker Beach

  • Lands End Lookout
  • Ocean Beach
  • Fort Funston Beach
  • Philip Burton Memorial Beach
  • Pacifica State Beach
  • Montara State Beach

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CAMPGROUNDS

  1. Steep Ravine
  2. Haypress Camp
  3. Marin RV Park
  4. Campsite 5
  5. Hawk Campground
  6. Kirby Cove Campground
  7. Bicentennial Campground
  8. Rob Hill Campground
  9. Camp Ida Smith
  10. Candlestick RV Park
  11. San Francisco RV Resort
  12. Pillar Point RV Park

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SCIENCE OF MARINE CONSERVATION

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WHAT IS A MARINE PROTECTED AREA (MPA)?

©Jim Johnston

©California State Parks

©Chad King/NPAA

Marine Protected Areas (or MPAs) are protected areas of the ocean created to ensure conservation and sustainability of marine resources for the future.

They are important to YOU and here’s why:

  • Fish populations are in decline worldwide

  • MPAs may increase abundance, size and biodiversity (variety of marine life), including fish

  • Many MPAs protect critical breeding, nursery and feeding habitats for fish and other marine species

Ex.) North Farallon Islands SMR and Southeast Farallon Island SMR both provide habitat for halibut, sturgeon, and many species of rockfish

©NOAA

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CALIFORNIA’S NETWORK OF MPAS

  • 124 State MPAs, including 14 Special Closures

    • Protect 16% of California’s waters
        • 9% no-take
        • 84% of waters not designated as MPAs

          • Network completed in 2012

              • Managed by CDFW

Visit wildlife.ca.gov/MPAs

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A Variety of habitats

MPAS PROTECT A VARIETY OF HABITATS

SOFT-OCEAN BOTTOMS

SUBMARINE CANYONS

KELP FORESTS

INTERTIDAL

ESTUARIES

ROCKY REEFS

MPA network contains representative habitats found throughout coastal waters, including estuaries, intertidal zones, rocky reefs, kelp forests, soft-ocean bottoms and submarine canyons.

SANDY BEACHES

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STATE MARINE RESERVES

CANNOT Take, harm, or pursue anything -living or nonliving- from these areas.

CAN Swim, dive, sail, surf, snorkel, kayak, tide pool, and explore!

MULTI-USE AREA NATIONAL MARINE SANCTUARIES

CAN Take most species recreationally & commercially with a license.

CAN Swim, dive, sail, surf, snorkel, kayak, tide pool, and explore!

STATE MARINE

CONSERVATION AREAS

CAN Take certain species recreationally & commercially with a license.

CAN Swim, dive, sail, surf, snorkel, kayak, tide pool, and explore!

WHAT CAN YOU DO IN YOUR MPA?

Many kinds of MPAs--- while National Sanctuaries don’t limit take, State MPAs may limit some or all fishing and collecting.

“Take” means to hunt, pursue, catch, capture, or kill, fish, mollusks, or crustaceans or attempting to do so.

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BIG OLD FERTILE FEMALE FISH (BOFFF)

Average numbers of young produced by three different sizes of vermillion rockfish.

Data: Love et al. (1990) NOAA Technical Report

Older, fatter females are much more important to reproduction than younger, smaller fish. This concept called BOFFF is key to why MPAs can and do work for replenishing our oceans.

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CALIFORNIA’S MARINE PROTECTED AREAS�(MPAs)

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STATE MARINE RESERVES (SMR)

STATE MARINE CONSERVATION AREAS (SMCA)

SPECIAL CLOSURES

  1. Drakes Estero SMCA
  2. Estero de Limantour SMR
  3. Point Reyes SMR
  4. Point Reyes Headlands Special Closure
  5. Point Reyes SMCA
  6. Point Resistance Rock Special Closure
  7. Double Point/Stormy Stack Special Closure
  8. Duxbury Reef SMCA
  9. North Farallon Islands SMR
  10. North Farallon Islands Special Closure
  11. Southeast Farallon Island SMR
  12. Southeast Farallon Island Special Closure
  13. Southeast Farallon Island SMCA
  14. Egg (Devil’s Slide) Rock Special Closure
  15. Montara SMR
  16. Pillar Point SMCA

SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA STATE MPAS

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“Take” means to hunt, pursue, catch, capture, or kill, fish, mollusks, or crustaceans or attempting to do so.

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SMR

Restrictions

Estero de Limantour, Point Reyes, North Farallon Islands, Southeast Farallon Island, & Montara SMRs

Take of all living marine resources,

including shells and rocks, is prohibited.

Marine Protected Area

Allowable Take

Drakes Estero SMCA

Recreational take of clams. Commercial aquaculture of shellfish.

Point Reyes SMCA

Recreational and commercial take of salmon by trolling and Dungeness crab trap.

Duxbury Reef SMCA

Recreational take of abalone and finfish from shore only.

Southeast Farallon Island SMCA

Recreational and commercial take of salmon by trolling.

Pillar Point SMCA

Recreational take of Dungeness crab by trap, market squid by hand held dip net, and pelagic finfish by trolling. Commercial take of Dungeness crab by trap, market squid by round-haul net, and pelagic finfish by trolling or round-haul net.

Point Reyes Headlands, Point Resistance Rock, Double Point/Stormy Stack, North Farallon Islands, Southeast Farallon Island &

Egg (Devil’s Slide) Rock Special Closures

Restrict boating and access. No person shall enter these areas. Additional restrictions related to: boating speed limits, anchoring, seasonal closure, commercial diving, operation exhaust procedures, and transit exist for North Farallon Islands, Southeast Farallon Island, and Egg (Devil’s Slide) Rock Special Closures.

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GREATER FARALLONES AND MONTEREY BAY NATIONAL MARINE SANCTUARIES

  • MBNMS stretches from SF to Cambria protecting an area size of Connecticut! Primarily protects from oil drilling.
  • "Serengeti of the Sea”, dense kelp forests, rocky shores, estuaries and one of North America's largest underwater canyon.
  • Greater Farallones NMS sits where a unique and powerful current runs north to south. This cold-water current creates one of the most spectacular & biodiverse marine ecosystems in the world.
  • Key species in GFNMS: ashy storm petrel, blue whale, common murre, Dungeness crab, harbor seal, krill, Steller sea lion, tufted puffin, white shark.

Greater Farallones

National Marine

Sanctuary

Greater Farallones

National Marine

Sanctuary

Cordell Bank

National Marine

Sanctuary

Monterey Bay

National Marine

Sanctuary

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POINT REYES MPAS

© Jason Crotty

© Bart Selby

© D Smith

© NPS

  • Includes 6 MPAs and 3 special closures
  • Extensive recreational activities include hiking, biking, kayaking, camping, and wildlife viewing
  • Great diversity and abundance of birds protected by the special closures makes the Point Reyes a popular location for birdwatching

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DUXBURY REEF SMCA

  • With one of the largest shale reefs in North America, Duxbury Reef contains various habitats including rocky and soft bottom, shallow rocky reefs and bull kelp beds
  • Extraordinary tidepooling
  • On clear days, you may glance a view of the Farallon Islands

© Ed Bierman

© Colleen Proppe

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FARALLON ISLAND MPAS

  • The Farallon Islands are often called the "Galapagos of Central California" because of the spectacular displays of abundance.
  • Farallon means “rocky pillar jutting from sea”.
  • Treacherous waters: over 400 ship and aircraft wrecks.
  • Islands provide breeding and feeding grounds for over 25 endangered or threatened species.
  • Nursery area for seabird and seal species.
  • One of most significant white shark populations on planet!

© Reverend Lukewarm

© fideodeloeste

© Jeff Gunn

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EGG (DEVIL’S SLIDE) ROCK SPECIAL CLOSURE

  • Protect nesting birds - no entry within 300 feet
  • Brandt’s cormorant, pelagic cormorant, black oyster catcher, western gull, common murre, pigeon guillemot, brown pelican
  • Oil spill wiped out 3,000 common murres here in 1980’s
  • 10 years later, biologists used decoys, mirrors, and sound recordings to lure birds back

© NOAA

© Judy Gallagher

© Linda Tanner

© sswj

© Jim Vanides

© David Seibold

© Phoca2004

© CN

© Marcel Holyoak

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MONTARA SMR & PILLAR POINT SMCA

  • Harbor at Pillar Point vital commercial fishing, sport fishermen, and recreational boaters.
  • Mavericks, world famous surf spot with massive waves breaks in winters!
  • Fitzgerald reserve in Montara SMR most prized tide pools in N. CA.

© Shalom Jacobovitz via Wikipedia

© keppet

© Jim Vanides

© Bart Selby

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MARINE SPECIES OF INTEREST

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LOCAL FISH AND ELASMOBRANCH SPECIES

HALIBUT

STURGEON

LINGCOD

BAT RAY

STRIPED BASS

CDFW

LEOPARD SHARK

© Amaury Laporte

@Trisha Fawver

© NOAA

© DanielGotshall

© Bemep

© Ed Bierman

© Brian Gratewicke

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LOCAL INVERTEBRATE SPECIES

PURPLE SHORE CRAB

SEA STAR

CALIFORNIA MUSSEL

SEA CUCUMBER

ANEMONE

© Jerry Kirkhart

© Thomas Shahan

© J Maughn

© John Mundy

© californiarowan

MARKET SQUID

© Marcel Holyoak

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LOCAL BIRD SPECIES

GREAT BLUE HERON

PEREGRINE FALCON

OSPREY

Tufted Puffin

BLACK-FOOTED ALBATROSS

BLACK OYSTERCATCHER

© larzalere

© BLM

© Laura Wolf

© Ken Schneider

© Frank Fogarty

© Lilian Chou

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LOCAL MARINE MAMMAL SPECIES

© M Grimm

© David Slater

© Greg Smith

© Robin Agarwal

© NOAA

© Will George

© Victor Burolla

BLUE WHALE

HUMPBACK WHALE

PACIFIC WHITE-SIDED DOLPHIN

HARBOR SEAL

GRAY WHALE

SEA LION

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LOCAL MARINE ALGAE SPECIES

ROCKWEED

BULL KELP

FEATHER BOA KELP

SEA PALMS

GOLDEN ROCKWEED

© Jen Gordon

© CC

© Ingrid Taylar

© rebafay

© Ken ichi Ueda

GIANT KELP

© aneumann

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ENVIRONMENTAL ETIQUETTE

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If you see a sick or injured marine mammal, please do not approach!

The Marine Mammal Center 415-289-SEAL, for deceased animals call California Academy of Sciences: (415) 379-5381

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TIDEPOOLING ETIQUETTE

Keep an eye on the water. Never turn your back to the ocean.

Be aware of your surroundings, including water and waves, slippery rocks or algae, and tidepool creatures.

Step carefully. Avoid crushing animals, algae, and plants whenever possible.

Be gentle. Always touch lightly so you don’t disturb intertidal life.

Leave them. Take only pictures and return the animals, algae, plants, rocks, and shells to where you found them.

Remove trash. Pick it up and dispose of it in waste bins.

Avoid wading in tidepools

Give marine mammals space. Remain 50 yards away from them.

©Coastal Monument

© Colleen Proppe

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BE SEABIRD SAFE

  • Stay on trails – view from a distance.
  • If you see seabirds acting nervously (head bobbing, fluttering, or flying away), you are too close - back away.
  • Pack out your trash, recycle plastics.
  • Do not feed seabirds.
  • Never dump oil, fuel, or other foreign substances into the water or drains.
  • To learn more, visit: SeabirdProtectionNetwork.org
  • To report a dead or injured seabird, call Wildlife Rescue Sonoma County (707) 526-9453

©Coastal Monument

© Julio Mulero

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REPORT SARGASSUM HORNERI

  • Non-native brown seaweed from China, Korea, and Japan.
  • Arrived in southern CA in ports of LA early 2000s.
  • Recently recorded at Monterey Breakwater in June 2020.
  • Highly invasive – adults fragment easily, and each can produce hundreds of fertile eggs in one receptacle (shown in yellow).
  • Help prevent spread, check vessel props & anchors before transiting!
  • If spotted, record the date and location and report to CDFW’s Invasive Species Program:
    • Call (866) 440-9530
    • Send an email to invasives@wildlife.ca.gov
    • Fill out the form at: wildlife.ca.gov/Conservation/Invasives/Report

© Ann Bishop

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STRANGE FISH IN WEIRD PLACES

© Stefanie

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CLIMATE CHANGE ON THE WEST COAST

Warming Ocean Temperatures:

  • Much of the northeast Pacific Ocean was warmer than normal from April 19 to July 18, 2020.
  • Effects most dramatic offshore between Hawaii and Alaska.

Atmospheric Pressure Changes:

  • High pressure over Gulf of Alaska, Low pressure in NE Pacific in summer of 2019: causes reduced winds

Why is this a concern?

  • Winds remove heat, mix the surface waters with cooler waters below

Consequence: rapid warming of surface waters in NE Pacific

Marine Heatwaves:

  • New marine heatwave off the West Coast in Sept, 2019
  • Researchers monitoring effects on the marine ecosystem, resembles “The Blob” heatwave of 2014.

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GET INVOLVED

GET INVOLVED

© LIMPETS

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  • Grassroots environmental organization protects unique lands, waters, and biodiversity of W. Marin thru advocacy, education, and stewardship.
  • Tired of Trash? Join us for our watershed and beach Annual Coastal Clean Up. Volunteers remove more than 5,000 pounds of trash annually-Our plastics program helps stop pollution by advocating to remove single-use plastics.�
  • Join Our Team as an Intern! Our internship program accepts applications for fall and summer legal and coastal advocate internships for students looking to gain experience.

© West Marine Environmental Action Committee

© West Marine Environmental Action Committee

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EDUCATION

SCIENCE

CONSERVATION

Restoration of ocean health by saving sharks from overfishing and the shark fin trade

Protection of critical marine habitat through the establishment of marine protected areas and shark sanctuaries

Education and policy enactment from the USA to Asia

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GOLDEN GATE NATIONAL RECREATION �AREA NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

  • Rocky intertidal monitoring is part of MARINe, a multi-agency effort to collect long-term data on intertidal biodiversity from Baja, Mexico to SE Alaska
  • We rely on amazing community of volunteers who put in hundreds of hours as docents, photographers, and community scientists
  • Explore how to get involved and discover more on our website: www.nps.gov/goga/

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AQUARIUM OF THE BAY

Volunteers are vital to operation of all programs.

Joining the team can make a meaningful contribution.

From helping educate public to assisting with daily responsibilities.

“We simply could not do it without volunteers.”

© aquariumofthebay

© aquariumofthebay

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GREATER FARALLONES ASSOCIATION

  1. Beach Watch- >150 highly-trained volunteers survey the birds, marine mammals, oil, and human uses

2) LiMPETS (Long-Term Monitoring Program & Experiential Training for Students) 

  • Hands-on, science-based environmental education for 6,000 students explore local beaches and rocky shores
  • Collect data on 27 intertidal organisms including sea stars, iridescent algae, and sand crabs

Visit: www.Farallones.org for more information

© Greater Farallones Association

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POINT BLUE

Reducing impacts of climate change, habitat loss, & threats with over 160 scientists collaborating with volunteers.

Learn about habitat needs of shorebirds, grow plants for climate-smart habitat restorations, and put on events that engage partners and supporters of their conservation work.

Volunteer opportunities at give training in skills needed to perform the citizen scientist or volunteer roles.

Explore options at: https://www.pointblue.org/engage-with-us/volunteer/

© Point Blue

© USGS

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MARINE MAMMAL RESCUE: �EDUCATION & OUTREACH

© Amit Patel

© The Marine Mammal Rescue Center

 

High school programs:

  • Youth Crew high school volunteers name sea lions tagged on Channel Islands-San Miguel disentanglement project under Prescott Grant
  • Moderating panel with scientists  Stewardship Saturday 

Ocean Ambassadors:

  • Year-long marine science program provides middle school teachers access to Next Generation Science curriculum, resources and professional development
  • Each year some (of 5000 participating) students focus culminating project on highlighting MPAs

Monterey Satellite Facility:

  • Participating member in the Monterey and Santa Cruz MPA collaboratives
  • Volunteers partner with Santa Cruz Beach Boardwalk Marine Ecology Program and distribute MPA coloring books at many other fairs and events throughout year

 

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Dive with a Purpose!

Join us today!

Want to get your fins wet, make a difference, enjoy diving with others and collect invaluable long-term data?

These data are used by marine managers, researchers and the public for the sustainable management of our ocean resources

Photo: Andrew Harmer

We train citizen scientists to collect data, on the health of their local reefs

Reef Check helps ensure the long-term sustainability and health of California’s nearshore rocky reefs and kelp forests

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  • One of the world’s most popular nature apps.

  • iNaturalist helps you identify the plants and animals around you.

  • Get connected with a community of over a million scientists and naturalists who can help you learn more about nature!

  • By recording and sharing your observations, you’ll create research quality data for scientists working to better understand and protect nature.

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SNAPSHOT CAL COAST

  • Annual statewide effort to document coastal biodiversity.

  • Get out on the coast and share observation of plants, animals, and seaweeds using iNaturalist app.

  • Your chance to help build an annual snapshot of biodiversity along the California coast.

  • Become a part of community of observers and recorders answering questions about California’s MPAs.

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CCRFP

CCRFP

  • California Collaborative Fisheries Research Program (CCFRP) - partnership of people and communities interested in fisheries sustainability.

  • With help of volunteer anglers and fishing community, we collect data on economically important nearshore species to inform fisheries management and evaluate marine protected areas (MPAs).

  • If you want to contribute to research and learn more about nearshore fish stocks, become a volunteer angler!

For more information, visit: www.mlml.calstate.edu/ccfrp/

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MPA WATCH

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    • 1-888-334-CALTIP (1-888-334-2258)

Help stop poaching and polluting:

    • 1-888-491-GEAR (4237)

Report lost fishing gear:

    • www. Boatingcleanandgreen.com

Learn about clean boating and how to recycle fishing line:

    • California Academy of Sciences (whales, dolphins, seals, sea lions and sea turtles): 1(415) 379-5381 

Report Dead Marine Mammals:

    • Wildcare in San Rafael (415) 456-SAVE

Report Sick or Dead Seabirds:

    • visit www. SeabirdProtectionNetwork.org

Help Protect Seabirds:

    • www.wildlife.ca.gov/Conservation/Invasives/report

Reporting Invasive Species in California: 

    • 1(800) 367-8222

24 Hour Vessel Assistance (Fees Involved): 

    • 1-877-SOS-WHALE (1-877-767-9425) for distressed whales and dolphins

Statewide Whale Rescue Team

IMPORTANT REPORTING & RESPONSE NUMBERS

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USEFUL MOBILE APPS

iNaturalist

iNaturalist, LLC

Identify plants and animals around you and record your observations

CalTIP

California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW)

Submit anonymous tips to CDFW

Your Coast

California Coastal Commission

Explore beaches, trails and parks along the California coast

Seafood Watch

Monterey Bay Aquarium

Provides recommendations for sustainable seafood and sushi

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THANK YOU

© Anna Talken