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M.S.E., BARIPADA- 757107

�DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

BY

ER. Sasmita Gochhayat

(H.O.D CIVIL ENGG. DEPARTMENT)

SEMESTER- 3RD

SUBJECT- BMCT

CHAPTER- TIMBER

AY:2021-2022

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Families of Wood

Softwood

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  • Coniferous / Evergreen
  • Needles
  • Cone Producing
  • Fast Growing
  • Widely Spaced Grain
  • Easier to cut and work

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  • Pine
  • Cedar
  • Douglas Fir

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Families of Wood

Hardwood

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  • Deciduous
  • Large leaves, lost in winter
  • Slow Growing
  • Denser Grain
  • Harder to work but stronger and more even

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  • Oak
  • Beech
  • Mahogany
  • Teak
  • Maple

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Families of Wood

Manufactured Boards

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  • Made out of softwoods or hardwoods that have been industrially reconstituted
  • Only available in large flat boards
  • Made to be inexpensive (eg Chipboard) or to improve the properties of the material (eg strength – plywood)
  • No Grain Direction
  • Can be manufactured out of recycled wood

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  • Chipboard
  • MDF / HDF
  • Plywood
  • Blockboard

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Types of Wood Available

Timber is available in a variety of market forms:�

  • Planks�Boards (1.8 m+ in length, 50-200 mm wide)�
  • Strips (1 m+ in length 22x22, 35x35, 47x47 mm PAR (Planed All Round))�
  • Dowel (0.9 - 2.4 m in length, diam. 4,6,9,12,15,18,21,25,28,34,38 mm)�
  • Mouldings (timber preformed into different cross-sectional shapes such as�skirting board).

Woods types commonly used in school:

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  • Pine – Softwood which is inexpensive, easy to work and acquire with attractive grain patterns
  • Oak – Hardwood which is easily available and hardwearing but relatively expensive
  • Teak – Hardwood which is more expensive and has to be imported but has a pleasing colour and very dense grain
  • MDF – Manufactured board which is very inexpensive and easy to work/machine but looks dull
  • Plywood – Manufactured board which is strong in any direction and fairly inexpensive. Looks good on the sides but can be scruffy on the edges

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Methods of Joining wood

Joints:

Methods of cutting wood to increase the strength of the structure

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Butt

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Lap

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Mitre

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Finger

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Dovetail

Adhesives:

For nearly Everything PVA (Poly Vinyl Acetate) is excellent as it is very strong and inexpensive but it is water based

Cascamite is a very strong waterproof adhesive for wood

Screws:

Woodscrews provide a strong and simple method of joining wood

Round Head Countersunk Head

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Slot Head Pozidrive

Head

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Methods of Joining wood

Knock Down Fittings:

Plastic or metal fixings that allow wooden products to be easily assembled and disassembled

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Enables “Flat-packed” products

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Inexpensive and easy but not strong, durable or attractive

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Methods of Joining wood

Hinges:

Brass or Steel fixings that enable doors to be added to wooden products

BUTT HINGE: Comes in a range of sizes from 13mm to 150mm and is normally used for cabinet doors. They are very strong but cannot be adjusted once they are fitted.

                            

 

BUTTERFLY HINGE: This is often used on light-weight doors and different shapes and patterns are available. They are generally easy to fit.

                    

 

FLUSH HINGE: This type of hinge does not require a recess to be cut. They are not as strong as butt hinges but can be used for light-weight doors and small box construction.

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BARREL HINGE: This comes in two parts. The threaded part of the hinge is screwed into a pre-drilled hole. They are easy to fit and the hinge can be dismantled.

 

CONCEALED HINGE: These normally come in two sizes (25mm and 36mm. The hinge is adjustable once fitted and is designed with chipboard and MDF in mind.

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CONTINUOUS or PIANO HINGE: This is a hinge that comes in different lengths and can be bought in brass or steel. It is ideal where a long hinge is required such as a desk top or a cupboard door. Small countersink screws are normally used to fix it in position.

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Finishes for wood

Finishes are always applied to wood to prevent it drying out and warping

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Paint: is used for wood which is to be exposed to high wear eg. Outdoors, skirting boards. Oil based / Water based

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Varnishes: Are used to protect the surface of the wood to enhance the natural grain of the wood e.g. Polyurethane

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Beeswax or Linseed oil are used to bring out the natural grain and seal the wood

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Vegetable oils are used for food preparation surfaces

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