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Please:

  1. Log in to a computer

  • Go to MyHPU Portal

  • Click Library and click Research Guides

  • Click BIOL 2051/2053: Biology Laboratory�
  • Click BIOL 2053: APA Workshop

  • Click Pre-test and complete the test

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BIOL 2053

APA Workshop

Spring 2025

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Pre-Survey & Test

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Objective

  • Citation Purposes�
  • In-Text & Reference List�
  • APA Resources�
  • APA Activity: Journal, books, magazines, & Encyclopedia

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Citing showcase the connections of….

Source: SOC 3380 Library Session https://tinyurl.com/ylf3pgwh

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Citation Purposes�Why Citing Sources is Important?

Citing your research serves three purposes:

  • Gives proper credit to authors for works or ideas Incorporated into your work.�
  • Citations allow your audience to find and verify your claims.�
  • Citing consistently and accurately helps avoid plagiarism in your work

Source: Identifying Parts of a Citation http://tinyurl.com/2kp5wzyz & SOC 3380 Library Session https://tinyurl.com/ylf3pgwh

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References

The references page is the final and separate page with at least 3 cited works (textbook/manual does NOT count towards the 3 required sources) listed (two sources in the Introduction and one source in the Discussion). Use the very specific, detailed, and precise APA citation format expected. In APA style, for example, use the hanging indent and each citation is specific for the type of work it is (text vs. journal, etc.) These sources must be scientific sources that come from peer-reviewed works including academic journals, textbooks, and encyclopedias. Do not use websites for your references.

Source: BIOL 2053 Student Manual

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Common Citation Errors to Point Deductions

In a recent survey conducted by citation experts TypeCite, 3,000 college students currently enrolled in higher education in the United States were polled to explore their attitudes towards plagiarism. The study aimed to shed light on students' understanding of correct citation practices, their awareness of plagiarism consequences, and the prevalence of common citation errors.

Source: Berry, H. (2023, December 6). New study on students’ plagiarism views. TypeCite US.

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“A good citation makes it easy for the reader to figure out

the who, when, what, and where of the source.”

��

Adıgüzel, A. O., & Tunçer, M. (2017). Purification and characterization of cutinase from bacillus sp. Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 47(9), 925–933. https://doi.org/10.1080/10826068.2017.1365245

Source: Adapted from Identifying Parts of a Citation http://tinyurl.com/2kp5wzyz

( DOI )

A DOI, or Digital Object Identifier, is a unique string of numbers, letters, and symbols that identifies a digital item and provides it with a permanent web address:

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In-Text Citation Basic

The APA manual recommends the use of the author-date citation structure for in-text citation references. This structure requires that any in-text citation (i.e., within the body of the text) be accompanied by a corresponding reference list entry. In the in-text citation provide the �surname of the author but do not include suffixes such as "Jr.".”

Source: Purdue OWL: http://tinyurl.com/3jvjuvjd

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In-text Citations: Narrative & Parenthetical

Narrative Citation:

Torche (2014) revisited this issue in a paper titled “Is a College Degree Still the Great Equalizer?” Her analyses improved upon earlier studies in several respects. Where prior research focused on mobility tables that cross-tabulate

A large body of research shows that academic success is strongly associated with family background. In the United States, kindergarteners begin their schooling with substantial socio-economic status (SES)-related differences in vocabulary, numeracy, reading readiness, and general knowledge (Duncan & Magnuson, 2011; Hart & Risley, 1995).

Parenthetical Citation

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In-Text Citations: Author/Authors

  • A WORK BY ONE AUTHOR

As Ahmed (2016) mentions...

(Ahmed, 2016)

  • A WORK BY TWO AUTHORS �� Research by Wegener and Petty (1994) supports…

(Wegener & Petty, 1994)

  • A WORK BY THREE OR MORE AUTHORS�� Kernis et al. (1993) suggest…

(Kernis et al., 1993)

Source: Purdue In-text citation: Author/Authors https://tinyurl.com/32vzkdtu

et al. : et alia (Latin)

→ and others

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Reference List: Journal Article

Basic Rules for Journal Articles

  • Last name, and first an middle name initials (Smith, J. M or Smith, J)
  • Up to 20 authors: Use & before the last author’s name, use ellipsis (...) after the 19th author, and then add the final author’s name
  • Reference list entries should be alphabetized by the last name of the first author
  • Article Title: capitalize only the first letter of the first word of the title and subtitle the first word after a colon or a dash in the title, and proper nouns.
  • Present journal titles in full (JAMA →The Journal of the American Medical Association)
  • Italicize journal titles (The Journal of the American Medical Association)
  • Maintain any nonstandard punctuation and capitalization that is used by the journal in its title.
    • For example, use PhiloSOPHIA instead of Philosophia, or Past & Present instead of Past and Present.
  • Capitalize all major words in the titles of journals. (The Journal of the American Medical Association)
  • Capitalize the first word of the article titles and subtitles of journal articles.� First line defence antioxidants-superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX):� Their fundamental role in the entire antioxidant defence grid

Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year). Title of article. Title of Periodical, volume number(issue number), pages. https://doi.org/xx.xxx/yyyy

Source: Reference List: Electronic Sources (Webpage, Encyclopedia, News, Dissertation…) https://tinyurl.com/y3oblmdr

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Chen, X., Guo, G., Zhang, J., Bai, H., & Wang, J.

Survey of knowledge, attitude and practice on food safety among professional technicians in food microbiology laboratories in China.

https://doi.org/10.13590/j.cjfh.2022.04.025

(2022).

34(4),

Chinese Journal of Food Hygiene,

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

6)

791-798.

7)

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Reference List: Book

Basic Format for Print books & eBooks

Basic Rules for Print Books

  • Last name, and first an middle name initials (Smith, J. M or Smith, J)
  • Up to 20 authors: Use & before the last author’s name, use ellipsis (...) after the 19th author, and then add the final author’s name
  • Reference list entries should be alphabetized by the last name of the first author
  • Title: capitalize only the first letter of the first word of the title and subtitle
  • Italicize titles of longer works (e.g., books, edited collections, names of newspapers, and so on).
  • Note: If available, APA 7 requires a DOI for all works that have one — whether print or digital. If a print work does not have a DOI do not include it in the reference citation.

Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle. Publisher Name. DOI (if available)�Stoneman, R. (2008). Alexander the Great: A life in legend. Yale University Press.

Source: Purdue OWL/Reference List: Books http://tinyurl.com/4dvyts5s

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Basic Formats for Edited Books

EDITED BOOK, NO AUTHOR

Editor, E. E. (Ed.). (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle. Publisher. DOI (if available)

Leitch, M. G., & Rushton, C. J. (Eds.). (2019). A new companion to Malory. D. S. Brewer.�

EDITED BOOK WITH AN AUTHOR OR AUTHORS

Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle (E. Editor, Ed.). Publisher. DOI (if available)

Malory, T. (2017). Sir Thomas Malory: Le morte d’Arthur: The definitive original text edition (P. J. C. Field, Ed.). D.S. Brewer. https://doi.org/10.2307/jj.3985459

Purdue OWL/Reference List: Books http://tinyurl.com/4dvyts5s

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Reference List for Article or Chapter in an Edited Book or Textbook

ARTICLE OR CHAPTER IN AN EDITED BOOK�

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year of publication). Title of chapter. In E. E. Editor & F. F. Editor (Eds.), Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle (pp. pages of chapter). Publisher. DOI (if available)

Note: When you list the pages of the chapter or essay in parentheses after the book title, use "pp." before the numbers: (pp. 1-21). This abbreviation, however, does not appear before the page numbers in periodical references. List any edition number in the same set of parentheses as the page numbers, separated by a comma: (2nd ed., pp. 66-72).

Armstrong, D. (2019). Malory and character. In M. G. Leitch & C. J. Rushton (Eds.), A new companion to Malory (pp. 144-163). D. S. Brewer.

Alvarez-Ordóñez, A., & Prieto, M. (2012). Fourier transform spectroscopy and the study of the microbial response to stress. In A. Alvarez-Ordóñez & M. Prieto (Eds.), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy in Food Microbiology (pp. 23–30). Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3813-7_3

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Electronic Encyclopedia

ENTRY IN AN ONLINE DICTIONARY, THESAURUS, OR ENCYCLOPEDIA WITH A GROUP AUTHOR

�Note: An online dictionary, thesaurus, or encyclopedia may be continuously updated and therefore not include a publication date (like in the example below). If that’s the case, use “n.d.” for the date and include the retrieval date in the citation.

�Institution or organization name. (Year). Title of entry. In Title of reference work. URL

Merriam-Webster. (n.d.). Braggadocio. In Merriam-Webster.com dictionary. Retrieved January 813, 2024, from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/braggadocio

Print Encyclopedia

Institution or organization name. (Year). Title of entry. In Title of reference work (edition, page numbers). Publisher name.�Merriam-Webster, Incorporated. (1997). Goat. In Merriam Webster’s collegiate dictionary (10th ed., pp. 499-500). Merriam-Webster, Incorporated.

Source: Reference List: Print Sources (Webpage, Encyclopedia, News, Dissertation…) https://tinyurl.com/y3oblmdr https://tinyurl.com/ydblg3ml

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Gale eBooks (Online Encyclopedia)

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Reference List: Magazine Articles & Websites

Magazine:��Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year of Publication, Month Day if Given). Title of article: Subtitle if any. Name of Magazine, Volume Number(Issue Number if given), first page number-last page number if given. URL

Example:

Freedman, D. H. (2012, June). The perfected self. The Atlantic. http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2012/06/the-perfected-self/8970/4/?single_page=true

Note: If no volume, issue and/or page numbers are provided, skip them in the citation.

For more examples, click here

Website:

Lastname, F. M. (Year, Month Date). Title of page. Site name. URL

Example:

Price, D. (2018, March 23). Laziness does not exist. Medium. https://humanparts.medium.com/laziness-does-not-exist-3af27e312d01

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Title Page

Set Up

https://tinyurl.com/4x2hmcak

Paper Title

Author

Affiliation

Page number

Course

Instructor

Due Date

Pathogen infection and autoimmune disease

Oliver B. Lee

Hawaii Pacific University

BIOL 2053-Section #

Dr. Jessica Jacob

February 18, 2024

1

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APA Style Paper Format

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Helpful Citation Resources

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Auto Citation Makers

  • HPU Discovery
  • Citation management programs (Zotero, EndNote, or others)�
  • Automatic citation generators (BibMe, EasyBib, Citation Machine, ...)�
  • Databases

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Your turn~

Activity Link�https://tinyurl.com/y824y7ht

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Need Help?

Contact:

Tutoring Services https://www.hpu.edu/cas/tutoring/index.html

Virtual tutoring appointments are available and may be made via walk-in, phone call (808) 544-9334, or by emailing tutoring@my.hpu.edu / signinasst@my.hpu.edu.

Librarian

Lydia Lee: llee@hpu.edu

Research Consultation https://www.hpu.edu/libraries/index.html

Post Test

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Cited Works

  • APA Style Pre & Post Test:

Adapted from Teaching ACRL 5th Information Literacy Competency Standard https://tinyurl.com/yuapvh4s