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Diabetese Mellitus�(Hypoinsulinism)

Dr. Vivek Kr. Singh

Assistant Professor

Department of Veterinary Clinical Complex

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UNIT-3

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“Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine disorder, characterized by polyuria, polyphagia, loss of body condition and development of cataract”

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Etiology

  • Deficiency of insulin

Insulin deficiency

Absolute insulin deficiency

Destruction of β- cells

(Due to certain viruses, Immune-mediated destruction, Pancreatitis )

Type-I / Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM)

Relative insulin deficiency

Due to development of insulin resistance

Type-II/Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus

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  • Diabetes is more common in middle-aged dogs of 4-14 years (Highest at 7-9 yrs)

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  • Females are more affected compared to males

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  • Poodles, Daschunds, Terrier and Beagle breeds are more susceptible

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Pathogenesis

Glucose utilization is insulin dependent

Insulin deficiency

Hyperglycemia

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Blood glucose crosses renal threshold (175-220mg/dl)

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Glycosuria

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Glycosuria creates osmotic diuresis

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Polyuria

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Polydipsia

Cellular hypoglycaemia

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Stimulation of satiety centre Gluconeogenesis

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Polyphagia

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Accumulation of Mobilization of Fat depots

Ketone bodies

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Diabetic ketoacidosis Cachexia

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Clinical Findings

  • Polyuria
  • Loss of body condition in spite of good appetite
  • Weakness
  • Lethargy
  • Recurrent episodes of skin infection
  • Cyctitis
  • Bilateral cataract
  • Ketotic breath

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Diagnosis

  • Age of the animal and symptoms

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  • Glycosuria (Benedict’s test)

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  • Repeated value of fasting blood glucose 150mg/dl and above

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  • Glucose tolerance test

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Treatment

  • Diabetes mellitus is complex disease to treat as it is a multi-organ affecting problem
  • The primary goal of diabetes treatment is maintenance of patient’s blood glucose levels as close to normal as possible i.e. 100 mg/dl
  • Diet modification and insulin supplementation
  • Insulin can be given @ 0.25 U/kg bwt twice daily
  • oral hypoglycemic agents used in veterinary practice worldwide are Sulfonylureas, Bigunide and Thiazolidinedione

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Thank You

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