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Philip Haas�The Four Seasons

Spring Summer

Fall Winter

Phoenix, AZ Botanical Garden

Fruit Art

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Corn kernel: Caryopsis

A caryopsis is often called a grain. It is a fruit and not a seed. The thin fruit wall is fused to the seed coat.

Other examples of grains (caryopsis) are wheat, rye, oats, and rice.

^©Dr. Uta Hempel

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Berry

The tomato fruit is classified as a berry. It develops from the ovary of the plant.

The eggplant or aubergine (Solanum melongena) fruit is also classified as a berry. It develops from the ovary of the plant. It belongs to the genus Solanum and is related to tomatoes and potatoes.

^©Dr. Uta Hempel

Avocado, a true berry with one seed.

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Pomegranate: An Unusual Berry

A berry with many seeds.

^©Dr. Uta Hempel

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A Different Type of Berry

A banana is a “leathery” type of berry. Epigynous berry or “fake” berry.

^©Dr. Uta Hempel

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Hesperidium

A type of berry with a thick, leathery rind and parchment-like partitions between sections.

Typical examples are the fruits of the citrus family (Rutaceae). E.g. orange, lemon, grapefruit, tangelo and kumquat.

^©Dr. Uta Hempel

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Peppo

Type of berry with a hard, thick rind.

Typical fruit of the gourd family (Cucurbitaceae). Examples are pumpkin, watermelon, cucumber, zucchini, squash, and cantalope.

^©Dr. Uta Hempel

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Pome

Apples, pears, quince,

^©Dr. Uta Hempel

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Aggregate Fruits

A strawberry is not a berry!

The red flesh is the expanded receptacle. The hard seeds are achenes. This is a type of simple dry fruit. They are monocarpellate (formed from one carpel) and indehiscent, meaning that they do not open at maturity.

Achenes contain one single seed that fills the pericarp.

^©Dr. Uta Hempel

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Aggregate Fruits

A blackberry is not a berry! It is an aggregate of many small drupes (drupelets).

^©Dr. Uta Hempel

The Osage “Orange”, Maclura pomifera is a multiple fruit consisting of numerous small drupes (drupelets).

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Multiple Fruits

One inflorescence

^©Dr. Uta Hempel

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Dehiscent Dry Fruits

Legume: Elongated “pod” with two seams. Splits open.

Beans and peas are examples.

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Drupe

Fleshy fruit with hard inner layer (endocarp or stone) surrounding the seed (stone). Examples are: Peach, plum, nectarine, apricot, cherry, olive, mango pistachio, and almond.

Mango

Nectarine

Drupes are indehiscent fruit in which an outer fleshy part (exocarp and mesocarp) surrounds a shell (the pit, stone, or pyrene) of hardened endocarp with a seed (kernel) inside.

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Drupaceous nut

Walnuts, pecans, date palms, macadamia nuts, and pistachio nuts are drupes because of their outer, green, fleshy husk and stony, seed-bearing endocarp.

Also called pseudo drupe.

Hickory nuts are drupes.

Pistachios are drupes.

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Nuts

Chestnut

Hazel nuts

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We are not all nuts!

Legume

Nut