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Course: Fundamentals of Nursing�Topic: Teamwork and Collaboration

The Nurses International Community

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Module Goals

Learners will be able to:

Describe the characteristics of a successful team.
Describe the importance of collaboration to the client, health professionals, and organization.
Describe the teamwork and collaborative principle for client care.
State the barrier for effective teamwork in nursing.
Describe the strategies to promote teamwork in nursing.

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Definition of Team

WHO, n.d

Team:

In WHO, Salas defines teams as a “distinguishable set of two or more people who interact dynamically, interdependently, and adaptively towards a common and valued goal/objective/mission, who have been each assigned specific roles or functions to perform, and who have a limited lifespan of membership”

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Characteristics of Team

WHO, n.d

Characteristics of team

Team members have specific roles and interact together to achieve a common goal
Teams make decisions
Teams possess specialized knowledge and skills and often function under conditions of high workloads

Teams can include a single discipline or involve the input from multiple practitioner types including:

Doctors
Nurses
Pharmacists
Physiotherapists
Social workers
Psychologists

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Types of Teams in Health Care

WHO, n.d

The Team STEPPS program identifies a number of different but interrelated team types that support and deliver health care:

Core teams:

Consist of team leaders and members who are involved in the direct care of the client.
Example: physician, nurses, physiotherapist, and pharmacist.

Coordinating Team:

Responsible for day-to-day operational management.

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Types of Teams in Health Care

WHO, n.d

Contingency Team:

Formed for emergent or specific events
Time-limited events (cardiac arrest team, disaster response teams).

Ancillary services:

Consist of individuals such as cleaners or domestic staff who provide essential services that facilitate care of clients.

Support Services:

Consist of individuals who provide indirect, task-specific services in a health-care facility such as medical records.

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Critical Thinking Question

Who is considered a core team in health care setting?

involve directly to client care
responsible for day to day management
involved for specific events
provide indirect, task-specific services

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Characteristics of Successful Teams

WHO, n.d

Six simple characteristics given by Mickan and Roger that underpin effective healthcare teams are:

Common purpose
Measurable Goals
Effective leadership
Effective communication
Good Cohesion
Mutual respect

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Benefits of Teamwork in Nursing

Maryville university, 2021

Improve client satisfaction and outcomes
Higher job satisfaction
Increase professional accountability
Lower Rates of Job Turnover
Improve Engagement in the workplace

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Teamwork and Collaboration

Regis College, 2021

Collaboration refers to joint efforts between various independent teams or groups.

For example, if a pregnant client shows signs of a heart issue, a cardiac surgery team will be called to work together with those in the maternity ward.

Teamwork refers to the efforts within one team to produce the highest quality and most efficient results.

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Potential Benefits of Collaboration

Quality of care benefits:

Improve health outcomes
Transfer of knowledge
Improve sharing of evidence based practices between the professionals
Enhanced decision-making
Increase innovation
May lead to reduce length of hospital stay
workforce will be more responsive, efficient, and considerate of client, family, and community roles, as well as providing improved care

Morley & Cashell, 2017

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Potential Benefits of Collaboration

Morley & Cashell, 2017

Client engagement benefits:

May improve client education and client engagement in their care.
Behavioral changes such as information seeking and effective delivery of information.
Client involvement in decision-making, and client participation in self-care.
Generate trust and rapport which in turn lead to

Greater levels of openness, negotiation, successful adherence to medical care strategies, and
Reduce anxiety

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Potential Benefits of Collaboration

Morley & Cashell, 2017

Client safety benefits:

Reductions of medical error when interprofessional collaboration is strong.
Avoid gaps in quality assurance measures.

Staff and organization benefits:

Staff satisfaction and retention.
Perceptions of empowerment and recognition.
Open and inclusive communication, and
Greater levels of role understanding, respect, and appreciation between members
Innovation, initiative, and performance and reduce staff absenteeism

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Collaborative Principles

American Nurses Association, n. d

Effective Communication:

Principles:

Engage in active listening to fully understand and contemplate what is being relayed.
Know the intent of a message, and what is the purpose and expectations of that message.
Foster an open, safe environment.
Whether giving or receiving information, be sure it is accurate.
Have people speak to the person they need to speak to, so the right person gets the right information.

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Collaborative Principles

Authentic Relationships:

Principles:

Be true to yourself – be sure actions match words
Empower others to have ideas, to share those ideas, and to participate in projects
Recognize and leverage each others’ strengths
Be honest 100% of the time – with yourself, and with others
Respect others’ personalities, needs, and wants
Ask for what you want, but stay open to negotiating the difference
Assume they are doing their best

American Nurses Association, n. d

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Collaborative Principles

American Nurses Association, n. d

Learning Environment and Culture:

Principles:

Inspire innovative and creative thinking
Commit to a cycle of evaluating, improving, and celebrating, and value what is going well
Create a culture of safety, both physically and psychologically
Share knowledge, and learn from mistakes
Question the status quo – ask “what if”, not “no way.”

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Critical Thinking Question

What are the potential benefits for collaboration in an organization?

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Determinants of Collaboration

Morley & Cashell, 2017

Key determinants of collaboration can be:
Structural Determinants (Opportunity):

Environment can be taken to include physical spaces, temporal arrangements, schedules, processes, organized activities, and communication tools that may either encourage or discourage effective team collaboration
Specific determinants

Time
Space
Tools

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Determinants of Collaboration

Morley & Cashell, 2017

Psychosocial Determinants (Willingness):

Include culture in a broad sense (attitudes and behaviours) and at all levels (organizational, professional, team, and individual)
These ‘‘interactional determinants’’ include team member:

Willingness to collaborate
Mutual trust and respect
Communication

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Determinants of Collaboration

Educational Determinants (Ability):

The competencies important to collaboration are:
The first:

Understanding role boundaries and expectations within the team and
Learning how to balance the needs of professional identity and team identity

The second is the ability to engage in effective formal and informal communication including:

Negotiation and conflict resolution skills,
Ability to use a language of respect and dignity

Morley & Cashell, 2017

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Barrier to Effective Teamwork

The barriers to effective teamwork include but are not limited to the following:

Emphasis on personal values and expectations.
Personality, cultural differences and ethnic difference.
Disruptive/ uncivil workplace disciplines.
Variation in education, qualifications and status.
Differences in accountability, payment and rewards.

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Strategies to Promote Teamwork in Nursing

Texas Women University,2020

Facilitate communication
Handle conflict among team members
Expand a team to include other areas of expertise
Clarify roles and responsibilities
Encourage other team members
Effective teams “are characterized by trust, respect, and collaboration.”
Respectful atmosphere
Shared responsibility for team success

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What would the nurse do?

You are a nurse manager in a private hospital. How do you maintain effective communication among team members for better collaboration?

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References:

American Nurses Association, (n.d). Principles for Collaborative Relationships between Clinical Nurses and Nurse Managers. Retrieved https://www.nursingworld.org/~4af4f2/globalassets/docs/ana/ethics/principles-of-collaborative-relationships.pdf

Maryville University, (2021). Top 5 Benefits of Teamwork in Nursing. https://online.maryville.edu/nursing-degrees/top-5-benefits-of-teamwork-in-nursing/

Morley, L. & Cashell, A., (2017). Continuing Medical Education: Collaboration in Health Care. Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences 48 (2017) 207-216. https://www.jmirs.org/article/S1939-8654(16)30117-5/pdf

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References:

Regis College, (2021). The Importance of Teamwork and Collaboration in Nursing. https://online.regiscollege.edu/online-masters-degrees/online-master-science-nursing/resources/the-importance-of-teamwork-and-collaboration-in-nursing

Texas Women University, (2020). How to Promote Teamwork in Nursing. https://onlinenursing.twu.edu/blog/how-promote-teamwork-nursing

WHO (n.d). Being an Effective Team Player. Who Safety Curriculum. https://www.who.int/patientsafety/education/curriculum/who_mc_topic-4.pdf

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