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Rulers and Governments

18th and 19th Centuries

Robb Olson, Tim Olson, Jordan Lemke, Kyle Pirron

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Frederick I of Prussia (1701-1713)

  • King in Prussia
    • 1701 - 1713
  • Crowned himself in Koenisberg in 1701
  • Grandfather of Frederick the Great

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King “in” Prussia

  • Frederick I was only King in Prussia, and not in the Holy Roman Empire
  • Labeled King in Prussia rather than King of Prussia
    • to avoid reducing the rights of Holy Roman Empire Emperor

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Academies

  • The Prussian Academy of Arts was founded by Frederick in 1696.
  • Prussian Academy of Sciences in 1700
  • both in Berlin
    • both current today and are labeled Berlin instead of Prussian

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Death and Succession

  • Frederick died in Berlin in 1713
  • Entombed in the Berliner Dom
  • Succeeded by Frederick William I

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Frederick William I (1713-1740)

  • Succeeded Frederick I of Prussia
  • Ruled 1713-1740, the year of his death
  • Successor was Frederick the Great

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“Soldier-King”

  • Replaced mandatory military service with annual tax
  • Established primary schools
  • Resettled East Prussia
    • dealt with plague
  • Never starter or intervened a war
  • Made reforms in Prussian military
    • tactics, training, etc.
  • Left his son with a powerful military
  • “The pen is mightier than the sword”
    • credited

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German Confederation [1815-1865]

  • Association of 39 states
  • Buffer zone between

Austria and Prussia

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  • Relatively ineffective

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German Confed. - Society

  • Confed. grew 60% (13,000,000) in the 50 years
  • Reduction of Guild Industry
    • Lowered Bureaucracy and Tariff Barriers
    • Entered Textile Industry in 1834 becoming a industry leader

Industrialization:

  • Urban growth - Berlin grew from 172k to 826k
  • Established a railway across the confederation
    • Boosted National Defence
    • Supported the Economy
    • Pros and Cons of the rail system

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German Confed. - Political Turmoil

  • Congress of Vienna - Established the ‘loose union’
  • 1819 assassination of August von Kotzebue
    • dissolved Burschenschaften restricted academic freedom
    • foreshadowing of unrest in the confederation
  • In 1848 an unsuccessful revolution took place
    • Confederation established in 1850
  • Struggled to maintain political order through the 1850s
  • Otto von Bismarck - 1862
    • 2nd War of Schleswig & Seven Weeks War
    • Confederation dissolved

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Ferdinand I of Austria

  • Was the Emperor of Austria, but also the President of the German Confederation from 1835 to 1848
  • Ferdinand could not rule on his own due to his mental deficiency
  • His father drafted a consultant Archduke Louis who was asked to influence Ferdinand
  • Suffered from epilepsy, hydrocephalus, and a speech impediment
  • This due to the fact his parents were double first cousins

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Ferdinand I of Austria

  • With all the disabilities, he still kept an accurate diary
  • Recorded having as many as 20 seizures per day
  • His counsel was responsible for governing
  • Ferdinand was the last person to be crowned King of Bohemia
  • Buried in tomb 62 in the Imperial Crypt in Vienna
  • Married to Princess Maria Anna of Sardinia
  • Revolutionaries congregated at his palace in 1848 because they wanted a new Emperor
  • He was convinced to abdicate and replaced by his nephew Franz Joseph
  • Franz held the throne for 68 more years

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Ferdinand I of Austria

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“I’m the Emperor, I want dumplings!”

- Ferdinand’s only coherent command while Emperor to his cook after being told he couldn’t have apricot dumplings because apricots were out of season.

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Frederick III (1888-1888)

  • Also known as Crown Prince Frederick William

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  • Succeeded William I of Prussia

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  • 1888-1888

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  • Kaizer for 99 days

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Frederick III (1888-1888)

  • Born Oct. 18, 1831 in Potsdam, Prussia

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  • Died June 15, 1888, in Potsdam

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  • Son of William I

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  • First Prussian Prince to attend University
  • In 1858 married Victoria of Britain

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  • Despite wifes liberal views, he favoured a strong centeral government

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  • Became Crown Prince in 1861 and was successful commander of three seperate wars

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Frederick III (1888-1888)

  • In 1887 Frederick was diagnosed with throat cancer
  • He became Emperor on March 9
  • Only act was to dismiss the minister of the interior
  • Was succeeded by his son William II

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Sources