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Machine Learning - �Basic Principles & Practice�1. Prologue

Cong Li 李聪

机器学习 – 基础原理与实践

1. 序言

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Artificial Intelligence 人工智能

Machine Learning – Basic Principles & Practice: 1. Prologue

机器学习 – 基础原理与实践:1. 序言

Nowadays people talk about artificial intelligence from time to time,

现在,人们经常谈及人工智能,

but what is artificial intelligence (AI)?

但人工智能是什么?

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Let’s Google 我们来Google (1)

Machine Learning – Basic Principles & Practice: 1. Prologue

机器学习 – 基础原理与实践:1. 序言

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Let’s Google 我们来Google (2)

Machine Learning – Basic Principles & Practice: 1. Prologue

机器学习 – 基础原理与实践:1. 序言

Artificial intelligence, sometimes called intelligent machines or machine intelligence, is intelligence demonstrated by human-made machines.

人工智能亦称智械、机器智能,指由人制造出来的机器所表现出来的智能

Then what is intelligence?

那么,什么是智能?

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Let’s Google 我们来Google (3)

Machine Learning – Basic Principles & Practice: 1. Prologue

机器学习 – 基础原理与实践:1. 序言

Intelligence refers to human's intellectual power, including, logic, understanding, planning, problem solving, abstract thinking, expression of ideas, language and learning capability.

智能是指生物一般性的精神能力。这个能力包括以下几点:推理、理解、计划、解决问题、抽象思维、表达意念以及语言和学习的能力。。

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AI Examples 人工智能实例

Machine Learning – Basic Principles & Practice: 1. Prologue

机器学习 – 基础原理与实践:1. 序言

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Approaches to AI 探索AI的方法

Machine Learning – Basic Principles & Practice: 1. Prologue

机器学习 – 基础原理与实践:1. 序言

How to approach AI? 什么方法能用来尝试实现AI?

What is the difficulty and limitation of a certain approach?

某一种尝试方法的难点和局限性是什么?

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Extrospection 外观 (1)

Machine Learning – Basic Principles & Practice: 1. Prologue

机器学习 – 基础原理与实践:1. 序言

  • Understand brain mechanism 理解大脑工作的机制
  • Build AI system upon the understanding 基于这种理解构建AI系统
  • Computational neuro-science can be a tool 计算神经学可作为一种工具

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Extrospection 外观 (2)

Machine Learning – Basic Principles & Practice: 1. Prologue

机器学习 – 基础原理与实践:1. 序言

Difficulty 难点

  • Difficult to understand the full picture 难以弄清人脑完整的工作机制

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Introspection 内省 (1)

Machine Learning – Basic Principles & Practice: 1. Prologue

机器学习 – 基础原理与实践:1. 序言

  • Examine one’s conscious 考察自己的意识
  • Build AI system upon the examination result 基于考察结果构建AI系统
  • Expert system is an example 一个典型的例子是专家系统

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Introspection 内省 (2)

Machine Learning – Basic Principles & Practice: 1. Prologue

机器学习 – 基础原理与实践:1. 序言

Large 体型大?

Flies 会飞?

Multi-colored 杂色?

Flies 会飞?

Crest 冠羽?

Bald 白头?

No 否

Penguin 企鹅

No 否

Ostrich鸵鸟

Yes 是

Yes 是

No 否

Vulture秃鹫

Yes 是

No 否

Parrot 鹦鹉

Eagle 雕

Yes 是

No 否

Yes 是

Yes 是

No 否

Bird categorization 鸟类分类

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Introspection 内省 (3)

Machine Learning – Basic Principles & Practice: 1. Prologue

机器学习 – 基础原理与实践:1. 序言

Difficulty 难点

Conscious mind

显意识

10%

Subconscious mind

潜意识

90%

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Introspection 内省 (3)

Machine Learning – Basic Principles & Practice: 1. Prologue

机器学习 – 基础原理与实践:1. 序言

Difficulty 难点

  • Again difficult to understand the full picture 仍然难以弄清完整的自身思索意识过程

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Imitation 模仿

Machine Learning – Basic Principles & Practice: 1. Prologue

机器学习 – 基础原理与实践:1. 序言

  • Observe human behaviors 观察人类的行为
  • Build AI system upon the observed behavior 基于观察到的行为构建AI系统
  • Machine learning became the current trend 机器学习成为了当下的潮流

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Example: Autopilot �一个例子:自动驾驶 (1)

Machine Learning – Basic Principles & Practice: 1. Prologue

机器学习 – 基础原理与实践:1. 序言

Road & environment condition

路况与周边环境

Driver’s action

驾驶员的驾驶操作

Observe 观察

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Example: Autopilot �一个例子:自动驾驶 (2)

Machine Learning – Basic Principles & Practice: 1. Prologue

机器学习 – 基础原理与实践:1. 序言

Road & environment condition

路况与周边环境

Imitate driver’s action

模仿驾驶员的驾驶操作

Imitate 模仿

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(Supervised) Machine Learning (受监督的)机器学习 (1)

Machine Learning – Basic Principles & Practice: 1. Prologue

机器学习 – 基本原理与实践:1. 序言

Technology to program a system to behave through imitation

一种令系统通过模仿而行动的技术

… in contrast to programming a system to behave explicitly

……不同于令系统显式地遵照编程指令行动

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(Supervised) Machine Learning (受监督的)机器学习 (2)

  • What to Imitate 模仿的元素
    • Under certain status/context 在特定的状态和环境下
    • Human‘s action/decision/judgement 人的操作/决策/判断
  • Observations 观察到的现象
    • Training data 训练数据
  • Task Specific: ‘Weak AI’ 限定任务:“弱人工智能”

Machine Learning – Basic Principles & Practice: 1. Prologue

机器学习 – 基础原理与实践:1. 序言

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3 Pillars 三大支柱

Machine Learning – Basic Principles & Practice: 1. Prologue

机器学习 – 基本原理与实践:1. 序言

Training Data

训练数据

Model, algorithm, & theory

模型、算法与理论

Computing power

计算力

Machine Learning 机器学习

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This Course 该课程

  • Popular-Science Course on Machine Learning 机器学习的科普课程
    • Simple but profound 深入浅出
  • You’ll Understand 你将领会到
    • Basic principles on when ML works (& when it doesn’t) 机器学习有效的基本原理
      • Through practices on examples 通过在实例上的实践
    • How technologies evolve 技术的演进

Machine Learning – Basic Principles & Practice: 1. Prologue

机器学习 – 基础原理与实践:1. 序言

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In Our Practices 我们的实践中

  • Program to Solve Example AI Problems 编程解决人工智能示例问题
    • It will be easy if you follow the course 如果你认真学习,这将是简单的
  • Python Language Python语言
    • Easier to handle than C 比C语言容易掌控
    • Simplified in complex programming tasks w/ many building blocks available 有很多基础构件可用于简化复杂的编程任务

Machine Learning – Basic Principles & Practice: 1. Prologue

机器学习 – 基础原理与实践:1. 序言

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Python Is Easy Python很简单

Machine Learning – Basic Principles & Practice: 1. Prologue

机器学习 – 基础原理与实践:1. 序言

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Not … 不是……

  • Not a Systematic Course 不是系统化的课程
    • Not covering every aspect 无法面面俱到
  • Not a Training on Machine Learning Engineering 不是机器学习工程培训
    • Not focusing on fashioned tools 不专注于流行工具
  • Not a Python Programming Course 不是Python编程课程

Machine Learning – Basic Principles & Practice: 1. Prologue

机器学习 – 基础原理与实践:1. 序言

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Expectation 期望

  • Learn Interesting Knowledge 学习有趣的知识
    • Gain insight 洞悉要义
  • Practice (Easy) Programming 锻炼(容易的)编程
    • NO homework 没有回家作业

Machine Learning – Basic Principles & Practice: 1. Prologue

机器学习 – 基础原理与实践:1. 序言

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The End