1 of 45

Indigenous societies in the Americas prior to 1492 range from small tribal bands in the north to the vast empires of the Maya, the Aztecs, and the Inca.

3 of 45

Navajo Peoples (Arizona-Utah border region, USA)

Navajo Nation Reservation (Monument Valley) and a Navajo family (1960s and today)

4 of 45

Inuit Peoples Alaska (USA), Nunavut & Yukon Territories (Canada) and Greenland

Inuit families, Noatak, Alaska, and Canada (photos from 1930s and today)

5 of 45

The Haudenosaunee�(An Iroquois longhouse in New York, USA)�

6 of 45

Great Serpent Mound (Ohio, United States)

7 of 45

Cahokia Mounds�State Historic Site,�(Illinois, USA)

8 of 45

Pueblo Bonito (New Mexico, USA)

9 of 45

Anasazi Cliff Dwellers (Southwest USA)

10 of 45

Mesa Verde Anasazi National Park

12 of 45

Major Pre-Columbian Civilizations and Empire

13 of 45

Lands of the Maya

The Yucatan Peninsula

14 of 45

City State of Chichen-Itza (Mexico)

Kukulkan Pyramid, Astronomical Observatory, and Ball Court

15 of 45

Mayan Glyphs

Mayan �Mathematics

sky king house child city

16 of 45

Mayan Glyphs

17 of 45

Mayan Cultivation � of Maize

Chac, God of Rain 🡪

18 of 45

Mayan Drinking Cup for Chocolate

19 of 45

King Pakal (603-683 CE): City State of Palenque

20 of 45

City State of Tikal (Guatemala)

21 of 45

Quetzalcoatl :�Aztec God of Wisdom & Learning (adopted from the Mayan god Kukulkan)

23 of 45

Lands of the Aztecs

24 of 45

Mexica-Aztec Math (note: base 20 like Mayan math)

Mexica-Aztec Writing (note: similarities to Mayan glyphs)

25 of 45

Aztec Sun Stone Motifs

26 of 45

Spanish depictions of the Aztec sacrifices to the Sun God, Huitzilopochtli

Aztec obsidian dagger

(British Museum)

27 of 45

Aztec View of Mexica-Tenochtitlan

29 of 45

Tenochtitlan: The “Venice” of the Americas

30 of 45

Aztec Chinampa or Floating Garden:�15ft. to 30ft. wide

31 of 45

Aztec Gold

32 of 45

Tenochtitlan today: Mexico City’s ZOCALO

Zócalo, (Mexico City’s central square) with Mexico Metropolitan Cathedral (one of the oldest and the largest Catholic cathedrals in all of the Americas)

33 of 45

Diego Rivera murals in Mexico City (1920s)

34 of 45

Lands of the Inca

A traditionally dressed Quechua girl with a llama in Cuzco, Peru

35 of 45

Incan Suspension Bridges

36 of 45

The Quipu: An Incan Database

37 of 45

Machu Picchu, Peru

Re-“Discovered” by US Archeologist Hiram Bingham in 1911

38 of 45

Incan Terrace Farming

39 of 45

Incan Produce from a Typical Peruvian Market

40 of 45

Maize in Incan Pottery�& Gold Work

41 of 45

Over 100 Different Types of Potatoes were Cultivated �by the Incans

42 of 45

Incan Mummies

43 of 45

Inca Gold & Silver

45 of 45

Cuzco, Peru: Ancient Capital of the Inca�(11,000 ft. above sea level)