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Ancient Egypt

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Geography

  • Nile River is the longest river in the world (4,100 miles)

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Geography

  • Cataract= waterfall or stretch of rapids
  • Delta= marshy region formed by deposits of silt at the mouth of the river (triangle)
  • Upper (inland) and Lower Egypt (delta)
  • Nile flows northbound

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Environment

  • Nile was consistent
  • Egyptian stayed close to the river
  • Invaders were shut out because of Sahara (natural barriers)
  • Traded with Mesopotamia

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First Kingdoms

  • First divided into 2 kingdoms (Upper & Lower)
  • Upper Kingdom King, Menes, united all of Egypt
  • Capitol became, Memphis
  • Began the first Egyptian dynasty

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Pharaoh

  • = Egyptian god-king
  • Theocracy= government in which the ruler is seen as divine
  • The pharaoh caused: the sun to rise, the Nile to flood, and the crops to grow

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Pyramids

  • Pyramids (tombs) were more important as their palace
  • Pyramids were built as soon as leaders took reign

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  • Built of stone, granite and limestone
  • Pyramids show strength of Egypt

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Religion

  • Polytheistic
  • Most important, Ra, the Sun God, and Horus, the god of light
  • Isis, represented the ideal mother and wife
  • Worshiped about 2,000 gods and goddesses

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Afterlife

  • Life continued after death
  • Osiris, god of the dead, would judge
  • Objects were buried with them that they would need in the next life

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Mummification

  • =embalming and drying of the corpse to prevent it from decaying

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How to Mummify:

  • 1. Announcement of Death
  • 2. Embalming the Body
  • 3. Removal of Brain (hook inserted in nose)
  • 4. Removal of Internal Organs (liver, lungs, stomach and intestines
      • Taken out by slit on the abdomen, each was stored in canopic jars
  • 5. Drying out Process (with salt, left outside for 40 days)
  • 6. Wrapping of Body

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Slavery

  • Captives from foreign wars
  • Served in the homes, and mined gold
  • Egyptians could change social classes

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Writing

  • Hieroglyphics= Egyptian writing system
  • Papyrus= tall stalks of reeds used to make paper
  • Egyptian writing was lost for centuries until the Rosetta Stone was found in 1799

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Inventions

  • Early form of geography (Nile)
  • Skillful architects & engineers
  • First to use columns (homes, temples, palaces)
  • Calendar (time the flooding)
  • Medicine, surgeries (mummifications)

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References (Images)

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  • http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://ftp.aa.edu/lydon/egypt/matton1egypt/eyemakeup.gif&imgrefurl=http://ftp.aa.edu/lydon/egypt/matton1egypt/index.htm&h=480&w=640&sz=55&hl=en&start=5&sig2=6Fq1fYpl1Wrj4B_je18YyQ&usg=__vvUhsvLCHe_dHcn8DGFS-X0_38g=&tbnid=dTJhIEp6Nk9pJM:&tbnh=103&tbnw=137&ei=Agq2SPfvKZLApgS_htCxCA&prev=/images%3Fq%3Degyptian%2Binventions%26ghttp://images.epilogue.net/users/mckenna/Curse_of_the_Mummy.jpgbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG

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  • http://en.wi http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papyrus kipedia.org/wiki/Mummy
  • http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v418/n6897/images/418482b-i1.0.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v418/n6897/full/418482b.html&h=460&w=450&sz=59&hl=en&start=10&sig2=IOGZri4AdMJi8STxa7wTQQ&usg=__aIobhFRi63Fy9mpP6cTqfhUbkwA=&tbnid=_I346zu1EakveM:&tbnh=128&tbnw=125&ei=Agq2SPfvKZLApgS_htCxCA&prev=/images%3Fq%3Degyptian%2Binventions%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG