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Do Now – Copy Table

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Acids and Bases Summary

  • Acids – pH < 7
  • Bases – pH > 7
  • Neutral – pH =7

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Energy Changes

  • Endothermic Chemical Reactions:
    • Absorb energy from the surrounding
  • Exothermic Chemical Reactions:
    • Releases energy to the surrounding

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Formation of Solutions and Energy Changes

  • Two general theoretical principles to follow when predicting endothermic and exothermic formations of solutions:
    • Breaking existing bonds uses energy (endothermic)
    • Forming new bonds releases energy (exothermic)

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What happens when NaCl is dissociated in water?

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Examples of Exothermic and Endothermic Dissociation

  • When calcium chloride dissolves in water, the overall temperature of the water increases which indicates an exothermic reaction.

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  • When sodium nitrate dissolves in water, the temperature of the water decreases, which indicates an endothermic reaction.

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Substances in Water

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General Summary of Solutions

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Solution Concentration

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Percentage volume by volume (% V/V) a.k.a. percentage by volume

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Percent by Volume Concentration Example

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Percentage weight by volume�(% W/V)

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Percentage weight by volume�(% W/V)

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Percentage weight by weight (% W/W)

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Parts per Million Concentration

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Amount Concentration

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