Unit 2.1 Problems in the Gilded Age
Essential Question: What problems from the Gilded Age are still seen?
or
Content Objective: Describe the problems in society during the Gilded Age.
Vocabulary
Urbanization- the rapid growth of cities
Graft- the use of political power for personal gain
Unions- Organizations of workers formed to protect their interests.
1a. Gilded Age 1860-1900
“Gilded Age” – coined by Mark Twain to describe the time period characterized by extreme wealth, waste, and corruption from the Civil War to the Progressive Age.
1b. Problems with Urbanization
Urbanization- term used to describe the rapid growth of cities
Cities grew faster than people could handle
1. Sanitation
2. Crime
3. Fire
4. Housing
2ab. Urbanization
2a. Technological Innovations help Cities grow
1. Skyscrapers- Cheap steel allowed for steel skeleton buildings designed by people like Louis Sullivan
2. Elevator by Elisha Otis invented elevator to make access
3. Electric light
4. plumbing
5. telephones
Chicago, Illinois 1890
2b. NATGEO 3MIN- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kHm-g7zIWns
How did the elevator influence building of skyscrappers?
Transportation- cities in 1880s limited in size because people had to walk to work
3a. Political Corruption
Graft- the use of political power for personal gain
Political Machines- organizations that controlled newspapers, bribed politicians, and rigged elections
3b. Most famous example was Boss Tweed – political boss of New York City; ran political machine called Tammany Hall
Thomas Nast- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JJnCNsYo0TE
4a. Labor Unions
Problems? Workers were being paid very little for long hours in terrible conditions.
Child Labor was common, women were hired because they could be paid less.
5a. Labor Unions
Unions- Organizations of workers formed to protect their interests.
All labor unions fight for three gains: Better pay, better hours, better conditions.
5b. Tools: strike, or work stoppage.
6ab. Strikes during Gilded Age
Homestead Strike- Carnegie’s steel workers established union and went on strike
http://www.history.com/topics/child-labor/videos/andrew-carnegie-and-the-homestead-strike
Pullman Workers Strike- railroad workers strike
Government either allowed private armies or sent the US Army to break the strikes or backed business owners.
Painted workers as being radicals (many of whom were immigrant).
7. Problems for Farmers
8ab. Populist Party aka “People’s Party”
Created as a third party to argue for farmers needs- Spawned from concerns of Farmer’s Alliance
Video- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zRGYx5KAWAU
Essential Question: What problems from the Gilded Age are still seen? Content Objective: Describe the problems in society during the Gilded Age.
Essential Question: What problems from the Gilded Age are still seen? Content Objective: Describe the problems in society during the Gilded Age.
Mark Twain coined the term “gilded age” to describe the time period of excess wealth and widespread corruption. Problems caused by urbanization were sanitation, crime, fire, and poor housing conditions. Urban workers in factories were being paid very little for long hours and terrible conditions. Another example would be the exploitation of women and child labor. Organization of workers, or unions, sought to correct these problems and get better pay, better hours, and better conditions. However, union strikes were defeated as US federal government and state governments tended to side with business owners. For example, Pullman Strike or Homestead Strike were broken up by US troops. Small farmers and urban workers needed someone to champion their cause. THESIS
Unit 2.2
Birth of the Progressives��1890s-1920
Content Objective:
Vocabulary
1ab. Progressivism
A. WHO? “Progressives”
urban middle-class men and women who were tired of the corruption in the Gilded Age.
B. Wanted to launch reform movements using voting and government to fix the problems of society.
2ab. Progressive Goals
3. Social justice – getting rid of poverty and vices such like alcohol
3ab. The Muckrakers
Journalists who exposed corruption, scandal, waste in govt and business
Ida Tarbell
Lincoln Steffens
4a. Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle
In 1906, Upton Sinclair wrote The Jungle to describe the conditions in the meatpacking industry
Sinclair wanted to highlight the plight of the working class
Instead, the book raised fears of what was in the meat that people were eating
Meat Inspection Act
Pure Food and Drug Act
Required federal inspection of meat and required the Agricultural Department (USDA) to set standards of cleanliness in meatpacking plants
Banned the sale of impure or falsely labeled food or drugs
4b. Impact of The Jungle
5a. Jacob Riis
Journalist whose Exposé “How the Other Half Lives” led to calls for government assistance to help the urban poor
His books gave a vivid look at the life for ethnic groups of New York City living in the tenement slums
New York City tenement buildings in the early 1900s
5b. Video- What were two ways How the Other Half Lives impacted New York’s slums? http://www.history.com/topics/new-york-city/videos/jacob-riis
6a. Ida Tarbell
Best-known for her 1904 book “The History of the Standard Oil Company” which discussed how Standard Oil Company put small competitors out of business
6b. Impact
Her writings showed how monopolies and trusts were destroying competition.
People called for reforms against Big Business.
Labor Reform
7ab. Goal: Child Labor
Child Laborers in Indiana Glass Works, Midnight, Indiana. 1908
Child Laborer, Newberry, S.C. 1908
“Breaker Boys” Pennsylvania, 1911
Shrimp pickers in Peerless Oyster Co. Bay St. Louis, Miss., March 3, 1911
5min- Breaker Boys http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SfVQBtrLXo
8ab. Unionization
Muckrakers helped publicize conditions and help turn public opinion toward workers (Pullman Strike, Triangle Shirtwaist Fire).
Government said unions were legal and collective bargaining was became the norm.
Samuel Gompers- American Federation of Labor and other unions fought for Three goals- better pay, hours, and conditions.
Content Objectives:
Content Objectives:
Unit 2.3 Progressives Reform Politics
ESSENTIAL QUESTION��
Describe the following political reforms by Progressives: recall, referendum, initiative, commissioner system, square deal, bully pulpit, Teddy Roosevelt.
Vocabulary
1ab. Problems
Shoe line - Bowery men with gifts from ward boss Tim Sullivan, February, 1910
A More Democratic Union
During the Progressive Era, many reformers felt the people needed to have more control of the government
Politicians like Wisconsin Governor Robert Lafollette, above, wanted to get power out of the hands of party leaders and into the hands of the people
2a. Commissioner System
Local city governments were broken into commissioner system which divided responsibilities between many leaders who could be held accountable.
-Police Commissioner
-Public Works Commissioners
-Finance Commissioner
Each would act as legislative and executive of one function. If function was failing or not efficient, the people could get elect new commissioner
2b. Secret Ballot Adopted
Your employers or political machines couldn’t forced people to vote for their party.
3a. STATE POLITICAL REFORM
People began electing progressive politicians like Robert M. LaFollette (WI) who would fight Big Business, political machines, and fix problems in the city.
Robert M. LaFollette, Wisconsin Governor 1900-06
3b STATE REFORMS
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire, 1913
4a. Recall
The ability to remove a politicians from office by vote.
Allows a group of citizens to introduce legislation (a law) in their state government and require the legislature to vote on it
4b. Initiative and Referendum
Allows proposed legislation (a law) to be voted on directly by the people instead of just its state legislature
The 17th Amendment
In 1913, Congress amended the U.S. Constitution. Senators were now to be chosen by a direct election of the people of a state, not by the state governments.
Assassination of President McKinley, Sept 6, 1901
5a. Theodore Roosevelt: the “accidental President”�Republican (1901-1909)
(The New-York Historical Society)
5b. Bully Pulpit- used the office of the president to criticize Big Business and corruption. Forced people to pay attention
(The New-York Historical Society)
6ab. Roosevelt’s “Square Deal”
“Square Deal”- said it was the job of government to make sure everyone got fair treatment
http://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/theodore-roosevelt/videos
Anthracite miners at Scranton, Pennsylvania, 1900
7a. Roosevelt the “trust-buster”
“ONE SEES HIS FINISH UNLESS GOOD GOVERNMENT RETAKES THE SHIP”
7b. Consumer Protection
Chicago Meatpacking Workers, 1905
"A nauseating job, but it must be done"
8a. Roosevelt & Conservation
Theodore Roosevelt & John Muir at Yosemite 1906
8b. CONSERVATION:�National Parks and Forests
ESSENTIAL QUESTION��
Describe the following political reforms by Progressives: recall, referendum, initiative, commissioner system, square deal, bully pulpit, Teddy Roosevelt.
AM- Progressives reformed politics. One example would be the use of the commissioner system which divided the office of mayor into five commissioners that could be held more accountable. Progressives began electing like-minded politicians like Robert LaFollette who helped pass reforms against big business like minimum wage and the 8 hour workday. Other reforms included the ability to remove a politicians from office (Recall) and propose laws (Initiatives). The height came with secession of Theodore Roosevelt who busted monopolies and passed consumer protection bills like the Meat Inspection Act.
5.4 Progressives Reform Society
ESSENTIAL QUESTION��
Describe the following social reforms by Progressives:
Vocabulary
Suffrage- the right to vote
Temperance- abstinence from alcoholic drink
Profession/Professional- a paid occupation, especially one that involves prolonged training
1ab. New WOMEN
The Women's Club of Madison, Wisconsin conducted classes in food,�nutrition, and sewing for recent immigrants. (Photo courtesy of the Women's History and Resource Center, General Federation of Women's Clubs.)
A local club for nurses was formed in New York City in 1894. Here the club members are pictured in their clubhouse reception area. (Photo courtesy of the Women's History and Resource Center, General Federation of Women's Clubs.)
2ab. Settlement Houses
Jane Addams (1905)
Hull-House Complex in 1906
3ab. Fight for Women’s Suffrage
A. The fight for women’s voting rights (suffrage) began in the mid-1800s at the Seneca Falls Convention
B.By the 1900s, the leader of the suffrage movement was Susan B. Anthony, left
4ab. Woman suffrage before 1920-
Lady Gaga Song- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IYQhRCs9IHM
schoolHouse- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pFOieRHRzh8
5ab. Women’s Suffrage in 1900s
Movement led by groups such as National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) and the National Women’s Party; leaders such as Carrie Chapman Catt and Alice Paul
3min- What tyes of tactics useed? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uWQKYmg_0R0
5c. 19th Amendment Passed
In 1919, the Senate passed the 19th Amendment to the Constitution, granting women the right to vote.
It was ratified by the states in 1920
6a. Temperance Movement
Some progressives believed that a lot of the nation’s problems were tied in with the consumption and sale of alcohol
The movement to rid the nation of alcohol was known as the temperance movement.
Critical Thinking: Why would people want to get rid of alcohol?
6b. Temperance Movement
The leader of the movement was an hatchet wielding woman by the name of Carrie Nation
Women led the call for temperance because alcoholism led to abusive men and loss of jobs
7ab. TEMPERANCE
Frances Willard (1838-98), leader of the WCTU
Anti-Saloon League Campaign, Dayton
8ab. 18th Amendment passed
The 18th Amendment made the sale or consumption of alcohol illegal throughout the United States. Period is called the Prohibition Era.
Video- What were 3 reasons Prohibition failed? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G1T8NlbZ71s&list=PLob1mZcVWOahfPhDE3stZJPwq8rFiyzt8
Describe the following social reforms by Progressives:
Progressivism allowed women to leave the home and actively try to correct society. These “new women” believed that they cure society by advocating women’s right to vote or women’s suffrage and pushing for the ban on alcohol (temperance). Organizers such as the National American Women’s Suffrage Association led by Susan B. Anthony used military tactics protests and hunger strikes to bring awareness to the issue. The Temperance Movement was led by organizations like the Christian Women’s Temperance Union and women like Carrie Nation who sought to end the abuse caused by alcohol. However, ___________________ ___________________________________.