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Feed-Forward Predictive Densification�for Feed-Forward 3D Gaussian Splatting

Injae Kim · Chaehyeon Kim · Minseong Bae · Minseok Joo · Hyunwoo J. Kim

KAIST · KOREA UNIVERSITY

ECCV 2026 · Malmö

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Summary

3D Gaussian Splatting

Adaptive Density Control

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Summary

3D Gaussian Splatting

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Sub-second reconstruction

1

Robust to sparse view inputs

2

Summary

3D Gaussian Splatting

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1

The Gaussians are uniformly allocated.

2

Generate only a fixed number of Gaussians.

Sub-second reconstruction

1

Robust to sparse view input

2

Summary

3D Gaussian Splatting

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F4Splat

Summary

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F4Splat - One model. Any budget. No retraining.

Summary

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Inference Pipeline

Method

Geometry

Backbone

…

…

Densification

Score Maps

Spatially Adaptive

Density Allocation

…

Gaussian

Param Maps

Multi-view

Camera params

Images

…

…

Final 3DGS

Representation

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Inference Pipeline

Method

Geometry

Backbone

…

…

Densification

Score Maps

Spatially Adaptive

Density Allocation

…

Gaussian

Param Maps

Multi-view

Camera params

Images

…

…

Final 3DGS

Representation

More Gaussians for high densification scores

Fewer Gaussians for low densification scores

​

  • The final number of Gaussians can be controlled by adjusting the threshold .

​

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Training Densification Score

Method

Standard 3DGS

Adaptive Density Control(ADC)

view-space positional gradient vg

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Training Densification Score

Method

Standard 3DGS

Adaptive Density Control(ADC)

view-space positional gradient vg

Learn

to predict

F⁴Splat · predicted densification score

input view

D̂¹

D̂²

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Overall Training Pipeline

Method

: Novel-view rendering loss (MSE & LPIPS)

: Densification score loss

: Regularizes the scene scale to 1

: Camera parameter loss (extrinsic & intrinsic)

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Spatially Adaptive Density Allocation

Results

78K

52K

26K

Number of Gaussians

Multi-view

Images

Densification score map

Complex regions receive more Gaussians.

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Spatially Adaptive Density Allocation

Results

78K

52K

26K

Number of Gaussians

Multi-view

Images

Densification score map

Redundant allocations are avoided across overlapping views.

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vs. AnySplat

Results

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vs. AnySplat

Results

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F4Splat

Feed-Forward Predictive Densification for

Feed-Forward 3D Gaussian Splatting

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F4Splat

>>

Project page

mlvlab.github.io/F4Splat

Code

github.com/mlvlab/F4Splat

Feed-Forward Predictive Densification for

Feed-Forward 3D Gaussian Splatting