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Why should we care about astronomy???

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Instructions

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Topic

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6 bullet points of background

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6 bullet points of additional info

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What conclusions can you draw?

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References (if links-can copy-paste)

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Historical importance

by Jacob Pascua and Sarah Duenkel

- History plays an important role on Astronomy today.

-Astronomy was the first

science.

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Early History

-The early man only had little recorded information.

-The babylonians were the

first to record the position

of planets and the sun.

-Drawings of supernovae

such as Pablo Petrograph

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Impact of Astronomy

-The first calendars were based off of Astronomy

-Stars navigated sea voyages in early times

-Scientific method was formed

off astronomical ideas

-Predicts alignment of the

planets and sun

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References

http://abyss.uoregon.edu/~js/ast121/lectures/lec02.html

http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/40047/astronomy/257798/Impact-of-astronomy

http://casswww.ucsd.edu/archive/public/tutorial/History.html

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Astronomy and Religion

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Face the Facts

  • The Bible mentions Astronomy
  • The Big Bang Theory
  • Genesis 1:16
  • Isaiah 40:22, Job 26:10, 26:7
  • Secular Astronomers
  • Astronomy is the hardest to study

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More Facts! WOW amazing

  • As much as you don't think it has, Religion has played a huge rule in Astronomy still today

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  • Arguments on the Big Bang
  • Astronomer George Smoot
  • The Creator and Cosmos by: Hugh Ross

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All in all!

  • The universe and how it was created
  • Astronomy and religion go hand in hand
  • Similar ideas about how the world was created.
  • Astronomers studied religious aspects

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References

- http://www.bibleevidences.com/scientif.htm

www.bibleevidences.com

- Science Facts Confirm the Bible

worldview3.50webs.com

- Astronomy and Belief | Thinking Faith

www.thinkingfaith.org

- Astrology and Religion : One World, One God, Many Names, Many Faces

www.factsbehindfaith.com

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Asteroids

  • Asteroids can tell us about the origins of life and our universe
  • Asteroids are worlds floating around the universe
  • There are 3 types of Asteroids
  • C-Type: Carbonic Asteroids
  • S-Type: High Iron content
  • M-Type: Metallic Asteroids
  • The most famous asteroids hit Earth 65 million years ago
  • Asteroids could potentially be mined
  • Some of those metals include:
  • Nickel
  • Iron
  • Water
  • Cobalt

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Asteroids: Additional Info.

  • The Earth’s core is made of Iron
  • Iron could be mined from asteroids
  • Without iron the Earth would not have a magnetic field and we would not have gravity
  • Also without iron modern navigation would not be possible because there would be no magnetic north
  • First asteroid photographed was in 1991 by NASA’s Galileo
  • NASA’s Galileo was the first to discover a moon orbiting an asteroid in 1994

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Asteroid images

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Conclusions

  • Asteroids are important because they have resources that can help us.
  • They are important to look because maybe someday we can prevent the closer ones from crashing into our planet.
  • We can possibly find new material on one and produce something new from it.

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References

Space.com

http://www.space.com/51-asteroids-formation-discovery-and-exploration.html

planetaryresources.com

http://www.planetaryresources.com/asteroids/

netplaces.com

http://www.netplaces.com/astronomy/solar-system-wanderers/asteroids.htm

nationalgeographic.com

http://www.nationalgeographic.com/

Astronomy.com

www.atronomy.com

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Influence on Technology

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By: Paris Newland, Nic Wolthers, Kevin Magdaleno, Jonathon Puckett

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Background Info

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  • Creating the first spacecraft to be launched into

space and orbit the Earth

  • In the early 1600’s the first telescope was invented and that was only the beginning of what was to come for Astronomy.
  • Modern computing processes were advanced in turn from Astronomy research.
  • The antenna in cell phones were used to communicate with the satellites in our orbit.
  • Suits to house the first men launched into space
  • Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei laid the foundation of modern astronomy

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More To Know

  • In more recent news now everything is accessible from our fingertips.
  • Without our missions, progression of tech, and the money supply for Astronomy, our personal life would be different.
  • Without Astronomy there would be no cell phones nowadays.
  • Not even our cameras would be what they are today.
  • From the first telescope being of x3 magnification from todays being 100+ times magnification
  • Telescopes today are even being equipped with filters such as the Infrared telescope being able to detect Astronomical objects infrared light.

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Technology in Outer-Space

The Mars Rover

The International

Space Station

Various Satellites

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Conclusions

  • Simplest inventions shaped our world.
  • Astronomy plays a huge role in our everyday life.
  • First models of an invention from hundreds of years ago shaped to be an amazing tool used today in the research of studying celestial bodies.

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References

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Dark Matter and Universal Expansion

Dark Matter is a huge part of our Universe and is widely unknown by scientists.

Universal Expansion is currently happening and could possibly destroy our Universe

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By Michael Fleischmann, Gisela Factora,

and Alex Cranert

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Dark Matter and Universal Expansion Background

  • Dark energy and Universal Expansion are tied together.
  • Dark Matter is one of science’s biggest mysteries
  • Dark energy and matter were discovered due to a mathematical calculation
  • Most of the universe is made up of dark matter and dark energy; dark matter makes up about 25 percent while dark energy makes up roughly 70 percent.
  • Scientists believe dark matter could be used as an energy source here on Earth.
  • Dark matter itself is invisible, but we can study the effects it has on normal matter.

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Dark Matter and Universal Expansion Additional Info

  • Dark matter is mainly responsible for the expansion of some galaxies.
  • Dark matter also plays a huge role in determining the fate of the Universe
  • There are three main theories for how the Universe will end: The Big Freeze, The Big Crunch, and The Big Rip
  • The Big Freeze theory states that the Universe will expand so far that everything will become very cold
  • The Big Crunch poses that the Universe will expand until gravity takes over and crunches everything together
  • The Big Rip (most widely accepted) states that the Universe will be ripped apart by dark matter

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Conclusion

  • Finding out about dark matter can potentially help us determine the fate of our Universe and can help us move forward as a society
  • We can find out what almost all of our Universe is made out of and also use this material to help technology grow

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References

http://www.annualreviews.org/journal/astro

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http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.aa.25.090187.002233

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http://science.howstuffworks.com/dictionary/astronomy-terms/dark-matter.htm

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www.indiana.edu/~geol105/images/gaia_chapter_1/dark_matter_in_the_universe.htm

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http://map.gsfc.nasa.gov/universe/uni_expansion.html

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Supernova and life on Earth

  • Three types: Ia, Iax, and II.
  • Caused by overloaded energy or mass.
  • Risk to Earth? Usually not!
  • Contribution to:
        • Formation of planets
        • Creation of stars
        • Contribution to life

(Cygnus Loop Supernova)

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Background Information

  • The power of a Supernovae explosion is equivalent to a megaton bomb.
  • Supernova is the last stage of the life of a star.
  • Supernovae can be triggered by sudden reignition on a nuclear fusion or the gravitational collapse of the core of a massive star.
  • The electromagnetic radiation of a Supernovae produce is actually a minor side effect of the explosion.
  • Supernovae is plural for Supernova. “Nova” in Latin means “New.”
  • Gravity gives the Supernova its energy.

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Additional Information

  • When the core is not very massive, the neutrons create a neutron star.
  • When the core is massive, nothing is able to stop the core collapse, and the star becomes a supernova remnant
  • If the star is particularly massive, then its core will collapse and release a huge amount of energy, causing a blast wave that ejects the star's envelope into interstellar space
  • While many supernovae have been seen in nearby galaxies, they are relatively rare events in our own galaxy

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What Conclusions Can You Draw?

  • Supernovae play role in element distribution
  • Can you find them?
  • Most of the Earth is made from the material that Supernovae is created.
  • Shock waves are vital to the process of star formation.
  • Supernova explosions create huge blast waves
  • They are rare in our galaxy

(remains of supernova 1987A)

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References / Links

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Extra Solar Planets

  • Planets located outside of our Solar System
  • Thousands of planets discovered
  • Very few are similar to Earth.
  • The Habitable Zone
  • Transit Photometry

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Background Information

  • 1995, first evidence of exoplanets
  • Main mission to find Exoplanets: Kepler
  • Kepler = law of planetary motion guy
  • Most exoplanets are (at least) 50 light-years away
  • In April of 2014, 1st habitable Earth-sized planet

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More Information

  • 1st Earth-similar exoplanet = Kepler-186f in Cygnus (500 Light-years away)
  • The main Kepler instrument is a photometer telescope
  • Made of sodium, hydrogen, and some controversial CO2
  • Many exoplanets are ‘hot Jupiters’
  • Some have rings, moons, and magnetic fields
  • Atmosphere has clouds, abiotic oxygen, and precipitation

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Recap

  • Extra Solar Planets are distant planets located outside of our solar system.
  • While they can be detected in a variety of ways, the most commonly used method is currently Transit Photometry.
  • One day, we hope to travel and possibly inhabit one of these exoplanets.

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Reference Material

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Mars: The Red Planet

Shayne Warren, Megan Blumenthal, and Makayla Leedom

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Mars Facts

  • 4th planet from the sun
  • Terrestrial planet
  • Atmosphere composed of: carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and argon
  • Orbits the sun every 687 Earth days
  • 35 million miles from Earth
  • God of War
  • Humongous dust storms in solar system
  • Pieces have fallen to Earth
  • Thin atmosphere
  • Reddish color

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Moons and Surface

Moons:

  • Mars has two moons
  • Phobos
  • Deimos
  • These moons are captured asteroids
  • Potato shape ( too little mass to be spherical)
  • Deep grooves in the surface
  • No rings

Surface:

  • iron minerals in the soil oxidize (like rust) causing the soil and dust to appear red
  • The surface of Mars has been altered by:
  • volcanoes
  • impact craters
  • crustal movement
  • atmospheric conditions

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Missions to Mars & Conclusions

  • 40+ spacecraft missions to Mars
  • 1st successful mission was the Mariner 4(1965)
  • Most recent launch was MAVEN in 2013
  • MAVEN will provide information about:
    • atmosphere
    • climate history
    • potential habitability
    • We may be able to live on Mars one day

if it can be made habitable

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References

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The Moon

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What do we know about the moon?

  • The moon is a natural satellite of our Earth.
  • It regulates the ocean tides, stabilizes Earth, and shows us how Earth has evolved over time.
  • The moon has a direct and indirect influence on the emergence and evolution of human life on Earth.
  • The rotation of the Earth, along with the moon's gravitational pull, causes ocean tides to change.
  • High tide occurs when a body of water is facing the moon and the moon is pulling the water toward it with its gravity
  • On July 20, 1969, an American astronaut, Neil Armstrong, became the first man to ever walk on the moon. Ever since, there has been a “space race” to see who will be the next to conduct a mission on the moon.

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What else can we know about the moon?

  • Without the ocean’s tidal flow, heat would not be transported from the equator to the poles.
  • If we didn't have a moon, it would change the global altitude of the ocean and most of the water would be distributed toward the polar regions.
  • Without the moon stabilizing Earth, it would sometimes tilt all the way over and lie on its side in relation to its orbit around the Sun. This can call for extreme differences between temperatures and daylight.
  • One of the least obvious but most significant contributions from the Moon to life on Earth has been metal deposits on Earth’s surface.
  • The moon has grown closer to Earth since life has emerged 3.8 billion years ago.
  • Currently, China is planning on conducting a manned moon mission in 2020.

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What can we conclude from the moon?

  • The moon has a gigantic impact on us as humans. Not only does the moon control our oceans, stabilize the planet we call home, make our weather, but it also allows us to connect in a much bigger picture. Through fairly recent breakthroughs, humans have been able to conduct missions to the moon to gather even more information. Since then, we have been able to invent other mechanisms to once again travel to the moon and even more places.

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Sources

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The Sun and Space Weather

By: Collin McMenamin and Taylor Tampus

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Background

  • What is “Space Weather”?
  • Sun spots
  • Solar flares
  • Coronal Mass Ejections (CME)
  • Solar storms
  • Aurora borealis

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Additional Information

  • 1859 Carrington Event
  • Effects of solar storms
  • What if another storm struck Earth?
  • Doomsday Preppers
  • NASA and solar storms
  • Plans for the future

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Conclusions

  • Preparing for a solar storm
  • Supporting NASA

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References

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