預見後人類的世界

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2021-1-3

KC

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• We need to understand that five hundred years of humanism may be coming to an end, as humanism transforms itself into something that we must helplessly call posthumanism. (Ihab Hassan, 1977, p. 843)

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• Hassan, I. (1977). Prometheus as performer: Towards a posthumanist culture? The Georgia Review, 314, 830–850.

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��The Order of Things: An Archaeology of the Human Sciences (Foucault, 1966)�

• ... the historical appearance of this thing called “man” was not the transition into luminous consciousness of an age-old concern, the entry into objectivity of something that had long remained trapped within beliefs and philosophies: it was the effect of a change in the fundamental arrangements of knowledge.

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• As the archaeology of our thought easily shows, man is an invention of recent date. And one perhaps nearing its end.

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• If those arrangements were to disappear as they appeared, if some event of which we can at the moment do no more than sense the possibility—without knowing either what its form will be or what it promises—were to cause them to crumble, as the ground of Classical thought did, at the end of the eighteenth century, then one can certainly wager that man would be erased, like a face drawn in sand at the edge of the sea.�

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意思是說

• 文藝復興以來 人被視為萬物的判準 這件事該告一段落了

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• 十九世紀末 神已死

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• 二十世紀末 人已玩完 

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• How We Became Posthuman: Virtual Bodies in Cybernetics, Literature, and Informatics, by N. Katherine Hayles, University of Chicago Press, 1999

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• Posthumanism (Readers in Cultural Criticism), by Neil Badmington, Red Globe Press, 2000

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• Not all of the authors use the term (posthumanism) to mean the same thing, if they use it at all.

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• Something, however, links the writers represented here, and this is a refusal to take humanism for granted.

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• … my guiding principle was always to preserve difference, to leave the subject of posthumanism open both to question and to what is to come.

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• What matters, rather, is that thought keeps moving in the name of a beyond, in the shadow of unknown, in the fault-lines of the ‘post-’.

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• A character in Douglas Coupland’s collection of short stories, Polaroids from the Dead (1996), sees this with perfect clarity:

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• “We had a later dinner with my friend James, one of the smartest people I know. We discussed the notion of ‘being-real’ with him – and of being ‘hyper-real’ and ‘post-human’ and I don’t think we arrived at any definite answer, but it’s important to know people who think about these things.”

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自體的心理學的最後一章

• From the Human Condition to the Posthuman Predicament

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• 人 只要一息尚存 就必定作怪 
• 所以 後人類的世界 仍與自體的心理學有關
• 雖然 人 屆時 處境堪憂 恐怕 已不復存
• 所以 後人類的自體的心理學 是人類的輓歌 是人類如何終於滅絕的故事
• 我們稱之為 自體的心理學的最後一章

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�AI 能不能複製那隻停在桿頂的鳥 (2018-10-21)�

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• 昨天去關西途中跟D君說後人類是當今顯學生物和非生物界線不明操弄基因家常便飯生命宣稱不朽虛擬比現實更真實那個世界我說機器人比人更人人比機器人更不如人玩AI的人已經放棄設計出完美的演算法打算讓AI自己學習所以singularity就是那個傳說中的跑路多年的上帝有點像1993-2009的豬哥亮我說生命萬象森然的diversity是天生我材必有用我說我不確定那個有意識會完美的放屁的超級大電腦打不打算容忍像人這樣不完美的作品Blade Runner 2049的奇蹟是機器人終於可以生育D君說生出來的是人還是機器人我說生出來的就是後人類晨曦微明對面樓頂的天線桿上停了一鳥未幾飛去

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�後人類的世界 (2020-10-8)�

• 我想後人類主義是人被抹去 (erased, deleted) 
• 回想傅柯當年預知這件事是很奇特的
• 可見他當時從歷史堆中讀出未來的端倪
• 這符合我先前的說法
• 美國人演出了聰明的老法多年前做的噩夢
• 可見法國哲學家們有藝術家的裸露的神經�
• 我想樂觀的人會說被抹去不要緊
• 升級換機重灌更新就好
• 這是很具體的樂觀
• 你不要忘記身體是一個臭皮囊
• 想怎麼修理想怎麼塑造想怎麼器官移植
• 都難不倒樂觀的人 (Anthony Elliott 會為 Reinvention 寫書是有道理的)
• 他們付得起也做得到

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• (關於這個樂觀我相信是現代性的永遠趨近自毀的本質意思是說現代性有本事把毀滅性的災難變成工具理性駕馭得了的 SOP 至少它這麼以為) �
• (樂觀的人之一就是 James Lovelock 這點是非常奇怪的因為他就是提出 Gaia 的人)  
• https://www.scribd.com/article/450237565/Gaia-Will-Soon-Belong-To-The-Cyborgs-The-Father-Of-The-Gaia-Principle-On-The-Coming-Age-Of-Hyperintelligence (Lovelock, 2020-3-5)

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• 我想後人類的世界的普通百姓
• 會是渾身髒兮惡臭的畜牲
• 你要知道生物是有味道的
• 多年前參加告別式
• 在撲鼻的百合花香中
• 我突然知道這是為了遮掩死亡的味道�
• 後人類的定義就是部分生物部分機器
• 後者大於乃至遠大於乃至遠遠大於前者
• 後者才是靈魂
• 不要多久
• 前者的命運
• 當然是被抹去

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• 所以準確的說後人類主義是生物的人被抹去 
• 但我實在無法理解
• 這樣糟糕的一件人為的災難
• 為什麼還可以樂觀
• 甚至期待�
• Paul Shepard 說讓我們回到牧獵的更新世
• 那時的人製造的工具沒有一樣是用來彼此殺戮的
• 那時的人還沒有農業所以群居的規模有限所以對土地的利用和糟蹋還有限
• 那時的人活得死得都很乾脆
• 簡單講那時的人與自然一體
• 雖然原始的 autonoetic consciousness 已經萌芽
• 但他與自然的關係尚存自體客體的關係

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• (一體就是尚存自體客體的關係所以你可以想想看甚麼叫做天人合一尤其是當你在中國蓋了九萬八千座水壩之後)�
• 我想後人類的世界已經沒有生物的生命存在的必要
• 因為生物的人實在太落後太愚蠢太累贅了
• 我想全新世乃至人類世迄今
• 人是用他的意象捏造了這個世界 (in his image)
• 據說神是人捏造的
• 所以你不用懷疑
• 後人類的世界的 Singularity 就是人捏造的最後一個神

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• 我住在廟旁邊
• 這座廟供的是甚麼神
• 我不想知道也不會知道
• 這座廟的廟公那天跟他的朋友
• 在廟裡喝酒
• 他的朋友拿出薩科斯風
• 吹奏著
• 這是聽說的
• 那天我不在現場
• 但這件事說明
• 這座廟供的是甚麼神
• 其實不重要
• 我先前說過
• 廟是天地人神共處一堂的所在
• 你不要亂拜
• 但你要知道這是神的住所

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• 你認為後人類的世界
• 還會有廟嗎
• 你認為機器人會不會也以它的意象 (in Its image) 捏造這個世界
• 包括它供奉的神�
• 所以沒有多久後
• 有一天機器人的廟裡的廟公和它的朋友
• 在廟裡喝酒
• 它的朋友拿出薩科斯風
• 吹奏著�
• 這是聽說的
• 那天我不在現場

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�Posthuman (2020-12-28)�

• (一)
• 首先你要知道這不是一個人文學的概念
• 到目前為止心理學和精神分析還沒有想到這件事
• Rosi Braidotti 的說法是這是 Post-Humanism (後人文主義) 和 Post-Anthropocene (後人類世) 的概念
• 意思是說講的是人文主義和人類世兩者之後的世界
• 人文主義從文藝復興以來是人拿來吹捧把玩自己的
• 人類世則是吹捧把玩過頭幾百年後把這個世界糟蹋到瀕臨滅絕的局面
• 簡單講人類活該被自己滅絕
• 這就是後人類的世界
• 聽起來實在讓人高興不起來

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• (二)
• 改變世界的是慾望和科技
• 這兩者都是人為造作
• 我希望精神分析可以幫忙說明後人類的世界的欲望長甚麼樣
• 科技與奈米科技人工智能生物科技神經科學有關
• (三)
• 關於後人類的論述可分兩路
• 一是懷舊一是擁抱
• 前者不捨人作為一個物種的曾經存在
• 後者認為人應該考慮宇宙的演化 (cosmic evolution) 把自己當成這個大局的一個階段性的任務已經完成的可被捨棄的小角色

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• 但是你要知道
• 現在已經有七十億人
• 繼續繁衍不多久就會過百億
• 意思是說我不知道你要怎麼處理
• (四)
• 那個世界科幻小說電影都道不盡
• 意思是說超過我們的想像
• 意思是說我們想像不到
• 意思是說恐怖到我們想像不到
• (五)
• 聽說寒流已經來了
• 一大早風起飄雨
• 你知道這是一個寒冬
• 極可能是最後一個寒冬

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�3:28 AM (2020-11-24)�

• 後人類的時代即將來臨
• James Lovelock說Cyborgs
• 會擺幾個人類在動物園
• 作為低等生物曾經存在的證據
• 就像今日人類擺幾隻北極熊在動物園
• 作為北極熊曾經存在的證據

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• 意思是說大家要努力表現爭取卡位
• 搶那幾個動物園的人類區的位子

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• 本來明年的題目是後人類
• 但已多次猶豫
• 因為後人類不是題目
• 是墓碑
• 意思是說自體早已滅絕
• 後人類已非
• 自體的心理學所能及
• 意思是說
• 你要講自體的心理學的前提是
• 起碼還有人存在的餘地
• 比如說
• 時至今日
• 你不會說恐龍的心理學罷

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�AI at 4:17 AM (2020-6-24)�

• Anthony Elliott (Concepts of the self, 2020) 第七章 The Algorithmic Self 主要講 AI 的世界裡人的工作社交互動和被監控他如往用很長的句子和社會學的學術語言書寫讓我匆匆看完後退書然後想該怎麼說這件事才到位��我想 (請注意不是 AI 想) AI 的世界裡人已經不是生物的人這是後人類 (posthumanism) 的出發點因為生物和非生物已經融合分不出界線換個方式說人已習慣把非生物的延伸當成自己的一部份��這樣的後人類竊喜自己永恆年輕不洩但這個自己 (self) 已非原本受限於生物規律的那個自己這個不受限算不算自戀算不算 Icarus

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• 那個世界裡我先前說過已經沒有樹因為只有上帝能造樹這件事你要仔細端詳銀翼殺手 2049 裡那棵死掉的樹或等待果陀的那棵後者是賈克梅蒂的作品��那個世界裡 again 你還是要看銀翼殺手 2049 人比機器人更不像人機器人彼此的情感比人更真摯��那個世界裡的狗愛喝威士忌這我先前已說過��那是一個荒涼的世界荒涼的意思是沒有生命跡象沒有生機蓬勃沒有萬物盎然沒有生老病死沒有悲傷沒有喜悅沒有上述這些麻煩的不必要的累贅一切都是被設定好的程式一切都是完美的精準的運行一切都快到你看不清楚是怎麼發生的這點剝奪了生命的經驗的可能性�

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• 機器人有沒有潛意識是關鍵當他 (沒有錯是他) 的意識發達到會做夢和無以名之的衝動的時候它必然會有潛意識湧現那時他躺在精神分析的躺椅上說著他被輸入的破碎童年和不堪的往事這個悲劇的畫面應該是 AI 文明的高峰經驗當然你可以確定那個沉思寡語的分析師也是機器人這件事應該也是精神分析文明的高峰經驗��所以每小時一百美金你有兩個高峰經驗��上述這段話一半我看到朝霞瞬間即逝��這當然與高峰經驗無關

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• Generation Anthropocene: How humans have altered the planet for ever (Robert MacFarlane, The Guardian, 2016-4-1)�
• https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/apr/01/generation-anthropocene-altered-planet-for-ever

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Posthuman Glossary, by Liza Thompson (Author), Rosi Braidotti (Editor), Maria Hlavajova (Editor), Bloomsbury Academic, 2018

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• This glossary rests on the working definition of the posthuman as a field of enquiry and experimentation that is triggered by the convergence of posthumanism on the one hand and post-anthropocentrism on the other.

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• Posthumanism focuses on the critique of the humanist ideal of ‘Man’ as the universal representative of the human, while post-anthropocentrism criticizes species hierarchy and advances bio-centred egalitarianism. 

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• Accordingly, in this Posthuman Glossary we take the term ‘posthuman’ to mark the emergence of a transdisciplinary discourse that is more than the sum of posthumanism and post-anthropocentrism, and points to a qualitative leap in a new – perhaps ‘post-disciplinary’ – critical direction.

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• This volume consequently is both an attempt to reflect the current state of posthuman scholarship – by providing a selection of key terms and authors – and a critical intervention in the field.

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• The critical part tends to emphasize two main dimensions: the first is the significance of the neo-materialist approaches and of monistic process ontologies in contemporary critical posthuman theory.

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• The second is an ethical concern for the relationship between new concepts and real-life conditions, with strong emphasis being placed throughout the volume on the need for creative responses to the current challenges. This ethical passion drives the volume.

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Francesca Ferrando (2013)

• Abstract: “Posthuman” has become an umbrella term to refer to a variety of different movements and schools of thought, including philosophical, cultural, and critical posthumanism; transhumanism (in its variations of extropianism, liberal and democratic transhumanism, among others); the feminist approach of new materialisms; the heterogeneous landscape of antihumanism, metahumanism, metahumanities, and posthumanities. Such a generic and all-inclusive use of the term has created methodological and theoretical confusion between experts and non-experts alike. This essay will explore the differences between these movements, focusing in particular on the areas of signification shared by posthumanism and transhumanism. In presenting these two independent, yet related philosophies, posthumanism may prove a more comprehensive standpoint to reflect upon possible futures.

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• Francesca Ferrando, "Posthumanism, Transhumanism, Antihumanism, Metahumanism, and New Materialisms: Differences and Relations," Existenz 8/2 (2013), 26-32
• https://www.existenz.us/volumes/Vol.8-2Ferrando.pdf

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• Posthumanism or post-humanism (meaning "after humanism" or "beyond humanism") is a term with at least seven definitions according to philosopher Francesca Ferrando:

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• 1. Antihumanism
• 2. Cultural posthumanism
• 3. Philosophical posthumanism
• 4. Posthuman condition
• 5. Posthuman transhumanism
• 6. AI takeover
• 7. Voluntary Human Extinction

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• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posthumanism

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Reference

1. Exits to the Posthuman Future, by Arthur Kroker, Polity, 2014
2. The Posthuman, by Rosi Braidotti, Polity, 2013 (kindle)
3. Posthuman Glossary, by Liza Thompson (Author), Rosi Braidotti (Editor), Maria Hlavajova (Editor), Bloomsbury Academic, 2018 (kindle)
4. Being Posthuman: Ontologies of the Future, by Zahi Zalloua, Bloomsbury Academic, 2020
5. Human Nature in an Age of Biotechnology: The Case for Mediated Posthumanism, by Tamar Sharon, Springer, 2013 (scribd)
6. A Thousand Plateaus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia, by Gilles Deleuze, Felix Guattari, Brian Massumi (Translator), University of Minnesota Press, 1987 (pdf)
7. Deleuze and Guattari's A Thousand Plateaus: A Critical Introduction and Guide, by Brent Adkins, Edinburgh University Press, 2015 (kindle)

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8. Deleuze and Guattari's 'A Thousand Plateaus': A Reader's Guide, by Eugene W. Holland, Bloomsbury Academic, 2013 (kindle)
9. How We Became Posthuman: Virtual Bodies in Cybernetics, Literature, and Informatics, by N. Katherine Hayles, University Of Chicago Press, 1999
10. What Is Posthumanism?, by Cary Wolfe, University of Minnesota Press, 2009 (kindle)
11. Philosophical Posthumanism, by Francesca Ferrando, Bloomsbury Academic, 2019 (kindle)
12. Posthuman Knowledge, by Rosi Braidotti, Polity, 2019 (scribd)
13. Our Posthuman Future: Consequences of the Biotechnology Revolution, by Francis Fukuyama, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2002
14. Novacene: The Coming Age of Hyperintelligence, by James Lovelock, The MIT Press, 2020 (kindle)

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15. Posthumanism: A Guide for the Perplexed, by Peter Mahon, Bloomsbury Academic, 2017 (kindle)

16. The Heart of Man: Its Genius for Good and Evil (Erich Fromm, 1964)

https://archive.org/details/heartofmanitsge000from/page/12/mode/2up

17. Artificial You: AI and the Future of Your Mind, by Susan Schneider, Princeton University Press, 2019 (scribd)

18. The Singularity Is Near: When Humans Transcend Biology, by Ray Kurzweil, Penguin Books, 2006 (kindle)

19. Superintelligence: Paths, Dangers, Strategies, by Nick Bostrom, OUP, 2014 (scribd)

20. Our Final Invention: Artificial Intelligence and the End of the Human Era, by James Barrat, Thomas Dunne Books, 2013 (kindle)

21. Life 3.0: Being Human in the Age of Artificial Intelligence, by Max Tegmark, Vintage, 2017 (kindle)

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22. The Inevitable: Understanding the 12 Technological Forces That Will Shape Our Future, by Kevin Kelly, Penguin Books, 2016 (kindle)

23. Tech Trends in Practice: The 25 Technologies that are Driving the 4th Industrial Revolution, by Bernard Marr, Wiley, 2020 (kindle)

24. Posthumanism (Readers in Cultural Criticism), by Neil Badmington, Red Globe Press, 2000 (Google play)

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