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Leadership

Unit 1 Lesson 1

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Student Learning Outcomes

Define the leadership styles and their characteristics
Identify and discuss personal leadership style

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Introduction

Leadership is important in nursing for client care quality and team effectiveness
Effective leadership and followership in nursing directly impact

Client safety
Team performance
Overall healthcare outcomes

(Andresen, 2023.)

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Leadership

Establish direction and influence others
Create a shared vision
Implement evidence-based practices
Motivate and inspire team members

Example: During a pandemic, a nurse leader inspires the team to adapt to new protocols, boosting morale and ensuring quality care despite challenges.

(Andresen, 2023)

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Management

Planning, organizing, prioritizing
Budgeting and staffing
Coordinating and problem-solving
Establishing policies and procedures

Example: A nurse manager creates a new staffing schedule to accommodate increased client load, ensuring adequate coverage and resource allocation.

(Andresen, 2023)

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Leadership vs Management

Leadership produces change
Management provides order and consistency

(Andresen, 2023)

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ANA Leadership Standard Competencies

Promotes effective relationships for quality outcomes
Leads decision-making groups
Creates interprofessional environment of respect and trust
Embraces practice innovations for professional growth
Communicates to lead change and resolve conflicts
Implements evidence-based practices

(Andresen, 2023)

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ANA Leadership Standard Competencies continued…

7. Demonstrates authority and accountability in delegation

8. Mentors colleagues to enhance abilities

9. Participates in professional activities

10. Advocates for health in practice and policy

(Andresen, 2023)

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Leadership Styles

Authoritarian

Full leader power, quick decisions

Democratic

Balanced decision-making, inclusive environment

Laissez-Faire

Total freedom for team members

Transformational

Motivating beyond expectations, shared vision

Servant

Focus on team growth and well-being

(Andresen, 2023)

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Outcomes of Leadership Styles

Transformational leadership

Highest positive correlation with job satisfaction

Authentic, resonant, and servant leadership

Positive correlation

Passive-avoidant and laissez-faire

Negative correlation with job satisfaction

(Andresen, 2023)

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Leadership Styles Comparison

Style	Characteristics	Benefits	Challenges	Healthcare Application
Authoritarian	- Centralized decision-making - Direct instructions	Quick decisions in emergencies	Can cause resentment	Useful in crisis situations (e.g., code blue)
Democratic	- Balanced decision-making - Encourages input	Positive, inclusive environment	Time-consuming	Effective for unit policy changes; ensures staff buy-in before implementing new policies
Transformational	- Creates shared vision - Motivates beyond expectations	Improves morale and satisfaction	May overlook immediate tasks	- Ideal for implementing new care protocols - Inspires staff to embrace evidence-based practices

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Leadership Styles Comparison

(Andresen, 2023)

Style	Characteristics	Benefits	Challenges	Healthcare Application
Servant	- Focuses on employee growth - Puts others' needs first	Promotes teamwork and development	May struggle with tough decisions	- Excellent for mentoring new nurses - Fosters a supportive learning environment
Resonant	- Emotionally in tune - Builds strong relationships	Creates optimistic environment	Requires high emotional intelligence	- Helpful in high-stress units (e.g., ICU) - Reduces burnout by addressing emotional needs

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Critical Thinking Question

Using the above tables/diagrams, identify your personal leadership style including characteristics, benefits, challenges and healthcare application.

Explain how your leadership style applies in these areas.

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Critical Thinking Question

A nurse manager consistently rewards staff for meeting productivity goals and penalizes those who fall short. This leadership style is best described as

a) Transformational

b) Servant

c) Transactional

d) Authentic

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Leadership Styles and Job Satisfaction

Transformational: Highest positive correlation

Empower staff, create shared vision

Authentic, resonant, servant: Positive correlation

Build trust, focus on individual growth

Passive-avoidant, laissez-faire: Negative correlation

Lack of direction, potential for conflicts

(Andresen, 2023)

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Leadership Styles and Job Satisfaction

Specchia et al. (2021) found transformational leadership most positively correlated with nurse job satisfaction in a systematic review
Example of transformational leadership fostering job satisfaction:

A transformational leader implements a mentorship program, encouraging experienced nurses to guide newer staff. This fosters professional development, values staff contributions, and creates a sense of purpose and satisfaction among both mentors and mentees.

(Andresen, 2023)

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Systems Theory in Healthcare

Interdependence between parts of a system
Application: Culture of safety in healthcare agencies
Components of a culture of safety:

Just Culture
Reporting Culture
Learning Culture

(Andresen, 2023)

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Just Culture Model and Leadership

Simple human error

Example: A nurse administers wrong medication due to similar packaging
Leader's role: Console, focus on system improvements

At-risk behavior
Example: Nurse ignores equipment error message
Leader's role: Coach, create incentives for safe behavior

3. Reckless behavior

Example: Working while intoxicated
Leader's role: Disciplinary action, potential reporting to regulatory bodies

(Andresen, 2023)

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Leadership in Just Culture

Leaders foster safety culture by

Encouraging error reporting without blame
Using errors as learning opportunities
Implementing system-wide improvements

Example: After a medication error, a leader organizes a team discussion to identify system weaknesses and implement safer medication storage practices.

(Andresen, 2023)

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Systems Leadership

Three interconnected elements:

Individual skills

Collaborative leadership
Enabling learning and trust-building

Community tactics

Coalition building
Advocacy for stakeholder alignment

System understanding

Comprehension of complex systems shaping challenges

(Andresen, 2023)

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Systems Leadership

Example of Systems Leadership in Action

A systems leader advocates for improved staffing ratios by aligning stakeholders (nurses, hospital administration, and client advocacy groups), identifying systemic inefficiencies in current staffing models, and driving policy changes. This comprehensive approach improves care outcomes, enhances staff well-being, and optimizes resource allocation across the healthcare system.

(Andresen, 2023)

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Applied Learning: Leadership Self-Assessment

Complete the “What is your Style ?” quiz.
Review your results.
Reflect on your findings.Leadership
How does your style align with the styles discussed?
What are the strengths and potential weaknesses of your style?
How might you adapt your style in different nursing scenarios?

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References

Andresen, K. (2023). Leading change in health systems: Strategies for RN-BSN students. Pressbooks. https://pressbooks.uwf.edu/nursingleadership/

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