Table of Contents
14.1 The Body’s Transport System
14.2 Blood and Lymph
14.3 The Respiratory System
14.4 Cardiovascular and Respiratory Diseases
Chapter Preview
14.1 The Body’s Transport System
14.2 Blood and Lymph
14.3 The Respiratory System
14.4 Cardiovascular and Respiratory Diseases
Chapter 14 Circulation and Respiration
Chapter Preview Questions
1. Which part of the heart pumps blood through arteries,
delivering oxygen to tissues?
a. the right side
b. the left side
c. both the right and left sides
d. the outside
Chapter 14 Circulation and Respiration
Chapter Preview Questions
1. Which part of the heart pumps blood through arteries,
delivering oxygen to tissues?
a. the right side
b. the left side
c. both the right and left sides
d. the outside
Chapter 14 Circulation and Respiration
Chapter Preview Questions
2. Oxygen-poor blood returns to the heart through veins from the
a. body.
b. lungs.
c. both the lungs and the body.
d. neither the lungs nor the body.
Chapter 14 Circulation and Respiration
Chapter Preview Questions
2. Oxygen-poor blood returns to the heart through veins from the
a. body.
b. lungs.
c. both the lungs and the body.
d. neither the lungs nor the body.
Chapter 14 Circulation and Respiration
Chapter Preview Questions
3. The blood moving from the heart to the lungs is rich in
a. air.
b. oxygen.
c. carbon dioxide.
d. oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Chapter 14 Circulation and Respiration
Chapter Preview Questions
3. Blood moving from the heart to the lungs is rich in
a. air.
b. oxygen.
c. carbon dioxide.
d. oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Chapter 14 Circulation and Respiration
Chapter Preview Questions
4. What action allows the intake of oxygen into the body?
a. circulation
b. inhaling
c. exhaling
d. pumping by the heart
Chapter 14 Circulation and Respiration
Chapter Preview Questions
4. What action allows the intake of oxygen into the body?
a. circulation
b. inhaling
c. exhaling
d. pumping by the heart
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Section 1: The Body’s Transport System
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Right side of heart
Body
Lungs
Left side of heart
O2 poor
O2 rich
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Cardiovascular
System
The Heart
Blood Vessels
Blood
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The Cardiovascular System
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Each time the heart beats, it pushes blood through the blood vessels of the cardiovascular system.
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The Heart
Each side has an upper chamber, or atrium, which receive blood into the heart
and a lower chamber, or ventricle, that pump blood out of the heart.
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The Heart
As blood flows out of the heart and toward the lungs, it passes through a valve like the one here.
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Pacemaker
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The contraction of the ventricles pushes the blood out of the heart and into the arteries.
Pulmonary artery
Aorta
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Two Loops
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Artery and Vein
In this photo, you can compare the wall of an artery with the wall of a vein.
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An artery consists of 3 layers, the innermost layer is made up of epithelial cells. The middle layer is mostly smooth muscle, and the outer wall is made up of flexible connective tissue.
Artery
Vein
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Coronary Arteries
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Pulse is caused by the expanding and narrowing of artery walls. When you count pulse beats, you are also counting heartbeats.
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In the capillaries, needed materials are exchanged between the blood and the body cells.
O2 &CO2
C6H12O6
H2O
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Blood Vessels
The walls of arteries and veins have three layers. The walls of capillaries are only one cell thick. Veins carry blood back to the heart,
Veins have valves
that prevent
blood from flowing
backwards.
Contraction of skeletal
muscles help push blood
towards heart
Breathing movements
squeeze veins in the
chest
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Blood pressure is the force that blood exerts against the walls of blood vessels, it’s the force at which the ventricles contract.
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End of Section: �The Body’s �Transport System
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Section 2: �Blood and Lymph
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Blood
Blood consists of liquid plasma and three kinds of cells—red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
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Plasma 55% of blood matrix
-Nutrients
Vitamins and minerals
Digested food
-Hormones
-Waste
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Red Blood Cells- Erythrocytes
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Red Blood Cells
Red blood cells pick up O2 in the lungs and carry it to the body cells, they then carry CO2 back to the lungs as waste.
Hemoglobin is an iron-containing protein that binds chemically to O2 molecules, it is found in RBC’s.
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White Blood Cells - Leukocytes
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White Blood Cells
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Platelets
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Platelets
Platelets collect and stick to a cut blood vessel. Fibrin forms and weaves a net of tiny fibers across a cut, trapping blood cells to form a clot.
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Shock- a condition that results from the failure
of body systems to have received enough
O2 rich blood.
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Blood transfusion- the transfer of blood from one person to another.
Type A blood has clumping proteins in the plasma that will act against type B blood.
Rh factor- a marker on RBC’s that determines whether a persons blood type is Rh+ or Rh-.
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Blood Types
The marker molecules on your red blood cells determine your blood type and the type of blood that you can safely receive in transfusions.
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Blood Type Distribution
The circle graph shows the percentage of each blood type found in the U.S. population.
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The Lymphatic System
The lymphatic system is a network of vein-like vessels that returns the fluid to the bloodstream.
Lymph nodes filter the lymph, trapping bacteria and other microorganisms that cause disease.
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End of Section: �Blood and Lymph
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Section 3: The Respiratory System
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The Path of Air
As air travels from the outside environment to the lungs, it passes through the following structures: nose, pharynx, trachea, and bronchi.
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Two main functions of the respiratory system…
A. Move O2 from the outside environment into the body.
B. Remove CO2 and H20 from the body.
_______________ is needed for the energy
releasing chemical reaction inside your cells
Oxygen
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What is Cellular Respiration???????
4. Respiration is the process in which O2 and glucose undergo a series of chemical reactions inside cells (mitochondria) to release energy (ATP)
Cellular Respiration
ENERGY + 6CO2 + 6H2O
6O2 + Glucose
C6H12O6
ATP
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Respiratory System Functions
Oxygen from the air and glucose from digested food are both carried to the cells by the blood.
During respiration, oxygen reacts with glucose inside cells to release energy.
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Air is a. filtered b. warmed c. moistened
As it passes from the nostrils to the lungs.
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A sneeze shoots out particles and bacteria out of the mouth and nose and into the air.
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22. What happens in the alveoli?
In the Alveoli there is movement of gases between the air and blood.
The trachea is made up of rings of ______________ which
Strengthen and keeps the trachea open.
Cartilage
Diffusion= O2 in & CO2 out
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Gas Exchange
After air enters an alveolus, oxygen passes through the wall of the alveolus and then through the capillary wall into the blood. Carbon dioxide and water pass from the blood into the alveoli.
Diffusion= O2 in & CO2 out
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24. The ALVEOLI provides a large
surface area in a relatively small
space. Calculating the surface area of adult Alveoli in both lungs it’s equal to a tennis court.
Each lung has 300-400 million
Alveoli.
Diffusion= O2 in & CO2 out
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The Diaphragm is a large dome shaped- muscle that plays an important role in breathing.
Rib muscles & diaphragm contract, making the chest cavity larger
The rib muscles & diaphragm relax, & the chest cavity becomes smaller
The pressure inside the lungs decreases
Air rushes into the chest and you inhale
The air is squeezed out of the lungs and you exhale
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How You Breathe
When you breathe, the actions of your rib muscles and diaphragm expand or contract your chest. As a result, air flows in or out.
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The vocal cords are folds of connective tissue stretching across the opening of the larynx that produce the voice.
Vocal cords
Muscles make the vocal cords contract.
Air from the lungs rushes through the
opening between them. The movement
of the vocal cords makes the air vibrate
to create a sound.
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Breathing and Speaking
Two vocal cords, folds of connective tissue that produce your voice, stretch across the opening of the larynx. Air moving over the vocal cords causes them to vibrate and produce sound.
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Section 4: Cardiovascular and Respiratory Diseases
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Question | Answer |
What are some cardiovascular diseases? Heart / blood vessels | Atherosclerosis Hypertension |
What are some respiratory diseases? Lungs / trachea / bronchi | Emphysema, lung cancer, chronic bronchitis, asthma, pneumonia |
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Health Problems and Smoking
Tobacco smoke damages the respiratory system and strains the circulatory system, resulting in such diseases as emphysema, cancer, and chronic bronchitis.
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A stroke is when a blood vessel in the brain bursts or becomes blocked, no blood flow to the brain, no O2 will damage brain.
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Respiratory Diseases
During an asthma attack, air passages narrow and breathing is more difficult.
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Health Problems and Smoking
Chemicals from tobacco smoke enter the blood and are absorbed by blood vessels. The chemicals irritate the blood vessels making the opening more narrow.
With pneumonia, fluid builds up in the alveoli,
decreasing the lungs ability to exchange gases
and breathing becomes difficult.
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End of Section: �The Respiratory System
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