Back to proposal ….�

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Table of Contents�

WHAT IS RESEARCH?

“The good researcher is not ‘one who knows the right answers’ but ‘one who is struggling to find out what the right questions might be’

(Phillips and Pugh,1994)

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WHAT IS RESEARCH?

“Systematic process of collecting, analyzing and interpreting information in order to increase our understanding of the phenomenon about which we are interested or concerned”

(Leedy and Ormrod,2001)

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What is project?

• “Something which has a beginning and an end”

(Barnes,1989)

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Existing Situation

Desired Situation

Set of action

a project

Why?

1. Dissatisfaction with current situation
2. Technology evolvement which appears more satisfactory

WHAT IS PROJECT?

Not only develop a piece of software, tool or algorithm but must:

Involve an element of research

Justify its context

Evaluate and discuss its results

Project Types

Why project proposal?

• Important tool for organizing time and resources to complete a project which fully realizes the objectives
• Project proposal will be invaluable in structuring your ideas about carrying out your research and writing your conclusions.

Title

• Should be clear and concise
• Examples..
• “Evaluation of soft system methods as analysis tools in small software houses”
• “Development of process models for building graphical software tools”
• “E-Detective : New tools for Computer Forensic using JAVA programming”

Basic Sections of a Proposal

• Introduction
• Project Background
• Problem Statement
• Objective
• Scope
• Significance
• Literature Review
• Methodology
• Budget
• References

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Format

1.0 Introduction

1.1 Project Background

1.2 Problem Statement

1.3 Aims and Objectives

1.4 Scope

1.5 Project Significance

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Project’s Background

A formal document containing a common description of what is expected to be done within the project, what prerequisites for the project and how to produce the expected amount of work.

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The document is to be created prior to the implementation process to make a

foundation for further goal setting

and implementation.

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Problem Statement

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• what is the problem?
• explains why the problem is worth solving
• How have others gone about trying to solve problems you want to tackle
• in what ways will your approach build on and vary from previous work?

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Example PS

1. Wireless environment is not restricted to.... Many researches carried out to.... However, not all of them are effective ... In contrast, the proposed project is a ...

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• Statistics showed that there is an urgent need to protect multimedia content.... The estimated trade loss was.... Thus to reduce the impact of threats ... security awareness is extremely important in.....

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FORMAT (IDEAL)

• STATEMENT 1

(DESCRIPTION OF THE IDEAL SCENARIO)

• Describe the goals, desired state, or the values that your audience considers important and that are relevant to the problem.

• (BUT)

Connect statements 1 and 2 using a

term such as "but," "however,"

"Unfortunately," or "in spite of";

FORMAT (REALITY)

• STATEMENT 2 (THE REALITY OF THE SITUATION)

Describe a condition that prevents the goal, state, or value discussed in statement 1 from being achieved or realized at the present time.

FORMAT (CONSEQUENCES)

• STATEMENT 3

(THE CONSEQUENCES FOR THE AUDIENCE)

Using specific details, show how the situation in statement 2 contains little promise of improvement unless something is done. Then emphasize the benefits of research by projecting the consequences of possible solutions as well.

STATEMENT 1 (IDEAL)

• In order to provide excellent patient care at a minimal cost, Middletown Hospital needs diagnostic procedures that are safe, efficient, and accurate. In addition, the procedures should not be overly painful for the patient.

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STATEMENT 2 (PROBLEMS)

• Right now, Middletown Hospital's main diagnostic tools are CAT scans and myelograms (spinal taps). The CAT scan fails to make clear diagnoses 60% of the time. When the CAT scan fails, doctors must resort to the myelogram. While the myelograms are accurate, this procedure is very painful and sometimes dangerous for the patient.

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STATEMENT 3(CONSEQUENCES)

• If Middletown Hospital continues to do the two procedures, they will not only be wasting time and money, which jeopardizes their overall efficiency and earning potential. Also, undue suffering could lead patients to choose another hospital with more advanced facilities.

Project’s Aim/Goal

Project’s Aim

Objective 2

Objective 3

Objective 1

Project’s Aim/Goal

• Aim/Goal:-
• A broad statement of intent
• Identify highest level of what to achieve in the project
• Provide a general statement of a big picture

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Examples..

• To evaluate the effectiveness of requirements capture techniques in small software development companies in the UK
• To develop and evaluate a user interface for statistical software packages

• To design a methodology for GUI development of technical courseware material
• To produce an evaluation of fourth generation languages for database development

• Objectives are:-
• Measurable achievements in your project
• Build towards the aim
• Should be chronological in order
• Can be referred to Bloom Taxonomy for objective statement

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Objective

• Specific objective should be SMART:-
• Specific
• Measurable
• Attainable
• Realistic
• Time limit

• Specific
• the objective tells exactly what, where, and how the problem or need is to be addressed
• Measurable
• The objective tells exactly how much, how many, and how well the problem/need will be resolved.

• Attainable
• The objective uses "activity indicators" to insure that something will be done.
• Realistic
• The objective is a result that can be achieved in the time allowed.
• Time limit
• The objective includes a specific date for it's achievement.

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Objectives

• To… followed by a verb. e.g:-
• To establish
• To develop
• To compare
• To evaluate
• Outcome to measure the objective

Example 1

• Project’s Aim/Goal:
• To develop and evaluate an artificial neural network to predict stock market indices

Below are the objectives which will assist in achieving the project’s aim/goal.

• Project’ Objectives:
• To develop a prediction stock market engine using neural network model.
• To evaluate the engine using appropriate statistical techniques

Example 2

• Aim
• To evaluate artificial intelligence techniques for modeling weather patterns
• Objectives
• To identify and evaluate existing weather pattern modeling techniques
• To identify AI approaches suitable for modelling weather patterns
• To design and develop at least three AI systems for modelling weather patterns
• To compare and contrast the developed systems with one another and existing approaches

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Scope of Work

• What is involved e.g:-
• Lab, field, modeling, etc.
• Where is the location
• What will be measured
• How and when data will be collected
• How will data be analyzed

Significance of Research

• Importance
• What is the importance
• Why important
• Usefulness
• What is the usefulness
• Why it is useful
• Benefit
• What benefit
• Who benefit

Review

1.1 Background of study

• History of the subject
• Area of investigation

1.2 Problem statement

• What is the problem

1.3 Project Objective

• What is your aim
• What you want to do

1.4 Project Scope

• who is the user
• Where is the implementation
• (anything that might limit your project)

1.5 Significance of Study

• Who will benefit

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