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Collaborative Governance for Climate Resilience

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South San Francisco Bay Shoreline

LTG(Ret) Thomas P Bostick

December 11, 2018

Managing a Crisis: Responding to Hurricane Sandy in the New York Metropolitan Area

ALVISO

WASTEWATER�FACILITY

ALVISO SLOUGH

LEVEE

ARTESIAN SLOUGH

Ecotone (transitional habitat)

Levee

Tidal Marsh Restoration

Union Pacific Railroad Flood Gate �& Pedestrian Bridge

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Artesian Slough Tide Gate�& Pedestrian Bridge

GUADALUPE RIVER

N

COYOTE CREEK

TIE INTO �ACCREDITED LEVEE

WATER PURIFICATION CENTER

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2

A18

A12

A13

A15

A14

A11

A9

A10

ECOTONE AND LEVEE CROSS SECTION

Deep to �Shallow�Sub-tidal

Middle�Marsh

High�Marsh�

Wetland/�Upland�Transitional �Zone

Low�Marsh

Upland�Grassland

(Levee)

Inter-�tidal�Mudflat

MLLW

MTL

MHW

MHHW

Cordgrass

Pickleweed

Pickleweed, �Marsh Gumplant,

Alkali Heath, Spearscale

NOT TO SCALE

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2015 Chief’s Report: South San Francisco Bay Shoreline

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NORFOLK FLOOD RISK MANAGEMENT STUDY

LTG(Ret) Thomas P Bostick

November 7, 2018

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Chief of Engineers of the

United States Army and

Commanding General of the

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

better DNA

A community of scientists and creative innovators working to build a safer, healthier planet, and a more promising future through better DNA.

USACE

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Prior to joining Intrexon I was the was the 53rd Chief of Engineers of the United States Army and Commanding General of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.

The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers is made up of some 37,000 civilian and military personnel, making it one of the world's largest public engineering, design, and construction management agencies. Although generally associated with dams, canals and flood protection in the United States, USACE is involved in a wide range of public works throughout the world. The Corps of Engineers provides outdoor recreation opportunities to the public, and provides 24% of U.S. hydropower capacity.

The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers is the world’s largest public water resources agency and in my previous job I had the Formidable Task of helping to manage our nations water resources.

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(Linkov et. Al. (2014)

Engineers have long tried to design infrastructure to withstand extreme forces, but recently they have begun to address the need for urban infrastructure systems that are resilient to disasters (NIST, 2008)

Risk and Resilience

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2005: Hurricane Katrina: 1,833 deaths; $108 billion damage (NOAA, 2015).
2009: Key lesson: “resilience is not a national priority” in the development of hurricane protection systems. (IPET1, 2009).
2012: Super Storm Sandy: 160 lives lost; $65 billion in coastal damages (USACE, 2015). Systems approach to resilience required. (NACCS, 2015).
2013: President Obama called on federal agencies to improve climate preparedness and resilience (Executive Order No.13653, 2013).

Background

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Engaging Stakeholders in Resilience Assessment and Management for Coastal Communities�Thomas P. Bostick

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USACE. (2015). North Atlantic Coast Comprehensive Study. (NACCS).

Risk Models focus on Infrastructure risk management and known threats.

What is missing:

Stakeholder-involved system resilience management and unknown threats.

Systems Approach to Resilience

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BUILDING STRONG_®

This is the POLICY piece…

Periodically the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) “grades” our Nation’s infrastructure. This year’s grade is a D+. Some factors to think about…

59% of USACE locks are beyond their 50 yr service life; average age is 62 years old.

DAMS: 707 DAMS in USACE inventory; 21 are Dam Safety Action Classification (DSAC) level 1; DSAC 1 is the highest risk and 5 is the best. (ex Wolf Creek Dam).

The Corps maintains 926 Coastal, Great Lakes and inland harbors, 59 of which are high-use. Due to constrained funding, those high-use harbor projects (10M tons/year ) are only dredged to half of their authorized width, and their fully-authorized depth is only attained a third of the time. These 59 account for 90% of the cargo moving on the harbors and channels.

ASCE estimates that “Given the importance of our infrastructure, and the current condition, the nation requires $3.6 trillion by 2020 to get it to a good state of repair.” Currently, the estimated investment is about $2T but that still leaves a shortfall of $1.6T

Of that $3.6 T needed, $30.2 B is for our Nation’s Seaports and Waterways…but ASCE estimates we will only receive $14.4 B of that…leaving us short $16B.

USACE has a $60 B backlog, but only receives about $1.5 B each year….have to spread it out like peanut butter. One of our strategies is to find innovative financing methods, whether that means private industry invests in public infrastructure, or we partner with federal and non-federal sponsors to leverage funding and resources.

As a Nation, we are short-changing our infrastructure, much of which is aging…the infrastructure that allows us to import and export goods, protects us from risk and improves our quality of life. We waited too long to invest in New Orleans, and it was costly. The question is, how do we get ahead of the next disaster?

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POTUS: 22 May 2012: Hurricane Crisis Planning Guidance: Prepare for a hurricane that might take out our electricity, shut down our banking systems, and flood the northeast coast

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22 Oct 2012: Super Storm Sandy

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Impacts:

24 US States affected
Over 8.5 million without power
Damages - $65 B
13-foot surge in Lower Manhattan

Response Missions:

Temporary Power

Un-watering
Pump
Debris
Water

Recovery Missions:

Debris
Infrastructure Assessment
Temporary Housing
Coastal Restoration

Brooklyn Battery Tunnel: 85 million gallons of water removed…enough water to fill the Rose Bowl!

Response:
Temporary Power Mission: At critical facilities in support of states, performed 512 assessments, installed 210 generators, generated 55mW of power, enough power for 50,000 families

Unwatering Mission: Removed 475 million gallons of salt water in 11 days from strategic NYC-metro area infrastructure to restore subway, commuter rail, and automotive lines.
Pump Mission: Removed 400 tons of trash/debris and pumped 10 million gallons in order to enable Prime Power to conduct assessments.
Debris Mission: Cleared emergency routes in coordination with power companies.
Water Mission: Provided 9 million liters of water

Recovery: $5.35 B total, including studies, construction, O&M and FCCE.
Debris Mission: Contracted for debris removal in NY
Infrastructure Assessment: Augmented local public works to provide, manage structural assessment , technical assistance
Temporary Housing: Refitted buildings at Fort Monmouth, NJ, for citizens made homeless by Sandy
Coastal Restoration: Inspect, assess projects, develop damage assessments, provide expedient measures to prevent further damage to projects, utilize FEMA Mission Assignments and congressional appropriations as authorized.

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Engaging Stakeholders in Resilience Assessment and Management for Coastal Communities�Thomas P. Bostick

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Coastal risk assessments are not focused on stakeholder-involved systems-based resilience before disasters, thereby leading to very frustrated stakeholders after disasters occur.

http://i.ytimg.com/vi/I-bGavCe4Sg/0.jpg

http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-3anRzyxKuhM/UzcZM3maJ6I/AAAAAAACMLc/RTPxlfq8mF0/s1600/8712785860_ceca1272f9.jpg

Part of the challenge: Local Priorities - Stakeholder Engagement

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Super Storm Sandy�Priorities: First Meeting with Mayor Bloomberg

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Super Storm Sandy�Elected Officials (Governors/Mayors) are in charge and accountable

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“The John Wayne dude who's kicking butts and getting things done.”

https://www.google.com/search?q=honore+in+charge+on+a+horse+during+katrina&rlz=1C1CHBF_enUS748US748&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwii87KSrJPfAhXG24MKHUf1BFcQsAR6BAgEEAE&biw=1172&bih=446#imgrc=d6LdtznCQdjTDM:

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Priorities: NJ Coastline During Sandy

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With Project

30 miles apart

Without Project

In Sandy it wasn’t about massive floodwalls, although they might’ve helped in some areas, it was about coastline protection and risk reduction.

Sea levels have risen and continue to rise so we must be concerned about these climate change related effects, as we consider ways to reduce this risk in the future.

Tell NJ Gov. Christie story---Gov. Christie publicly has said this about the Jersey Shore during Sandy: "the towns that had significant engineered dune systems suffered significantly less damage than the ones that had no dunes, so we know that these dunes systems now work. So really they’re the difference between catastrophic damage and little or no damage.”

137 miles of total coastline; 15 coastal projects authorized; 9 projects with funding appropriated; 9 under construction /completed; All 9 locations received minimal coastal damage during SS Sandy

During Hurricane Sandy
Task Force Dewater pumped 475M gallons of water from the NYC metro area; 86M of this was from the Brooklyn Battery Tunnel the longest continuous underwater vehicular tunnel in North America…enough to fill the Rose Bowl Stadium to its top

- Task Force Power provided 54 MW of power, installed 211 generators in NY/NJ, providing temporary power generation to 25,000 residents.

NJ Coastal projects from NAP office. Top Photo: Brant Beach, NJ, Bottom Photo: Mantoloking, NJ �

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Stakeholders: Rebuild or Retreat: Mantoloking, NJ

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Pre-Sandy

30 Oct 2012

5 Dec 2012

6 Nov 2012

BUILDING STRONG_®

Mayor Thomas Kelaher cited the damage to Mantoloking, as well as his own township, in supporting the dune program.

“Everybody knows the better the dune, the safer the municipality is going to be,” he said. “When the ocean came through in Mantoloking, there was nothing but devastation and sand. It’s regrettable that we had to get to this point, but we’re ready to proceed.”

As you can see in the top left here is the coastal beach community of Mantoloking, NJ, with both back bay and ocean front development.

Top right demonstrates the breach formed during Hurricane Sandy resulting in public safety issues and a lack of access.

Then less than a week later, in the lower left photo, the breach is closed and the beach is being restored by the Corps of Engineers.

Finally, in the lower right - a month later from the previous photo - both beach and road access are restored.

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1927 Flood: Priority - Mississippi River and Tributaries System

500+ deaths
700,000 refugees
16.8 million acres flooded

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BUILDING STRONG_®

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Flooded Areas�1927 Flood vs 2011 Flood

1927: 26,000 square miles flooded
2011: 9,900 square miles flooded, per system design
Over 16,000 square miles not flooded in 2011 because of system
1927: 700,000 people evacuated
2011: 9,900 people evacuated
1927: Over 500 people killed
2011: About 20 people killed
New stages and flood records set in 2011 over much of lower Mississippi River basin

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Stakeholder Input

Living shoreline

Replace Bulkhead

North Atlantic Coast Comprehensive study on Resilient Adaptation to Increasing Risk

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Supplemental Funding Announcement

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Senator Feinstein, LTC Travis Rayfield and Sam Schuchat

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Action: Federal, State, Local �Organization, Teamwork, Decision-Making

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