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Always FREE
Learners 13+ welcome
We never certify

Class Today:

Didactic (Lecture) - 20 minutes

Hands-on practice - 40 minutes

Welcome to�CPR/AED Training!

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Our Mission

We bring free and equitable access to CPR and AED education to all communities with a specific dedication to those communities most adversely affected by cardiac arrest due to race, ethnicity, primary language, or access to healthcare education.

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Cardiac Arrest:

Anywhere, Anytime, Anyone

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Today’s Goals

Learn about cardiac arrest
Learn when to perform CPR
Learn how to perform CPR
Learn how to use an AED
Learn how YOU can save a life!

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What is Sudden Cardiac Arrest?

Heart stops pumping blood
Pulse is lost
Person collapses
Might still be snoring, grunting, or gurgling
May see “seizure-like” activity

What is cardiac arrest?

Definition:

The heart stops pumping blood through the body resulting in loss of a pulse
The person becomes unconscious
The person collapses and is not breathing properly
The person may be snoring, grunting, or gurgling
The “seizure like” activity may be confusing for the learner but plain and simply it is very common to see “seizure like” activity at onset of V-fib or V-tach arrest (do not use these terms as we don’t want or need to get too technical)
Emphasize that if someone has a true seizure – when it stops they will be breathing normally. If what you see is “seizure like” activity due to cardiac arrest, the person will not be breathing when the activity stops. IF THERE IS ANY QUESTION – PROVIDE CPR. Much better to provide CPR to someone who does not need it than withhold CPR from someone who needed it to save their life.

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Heart attack or cardiac arrest?

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Heart attack or cardiac arrest?

Blockage of blood supply to the heart muscle.
Person is conscious and has a pulse.
Person may complain of chest pain, pain may go to shoulder/jaw.
They may complain of shortness of breath as well.

Victim unconscious with NO pulse.
They will have abnormal breathing or not be breathing at all.
CPR required immediately and AED should be used when available.

Heart Attack

Cardiac Arrest

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> 350,000

Sudden Cardiac Arrests Every Year Outside of the Hospital in the U.S.

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Timing is Crucial

Every minute that passes without use of an AED decreases a victim’s chance of survival by 10%.

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Only 10% chance of survival

Without bystander CPR and early AED use,

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30% chance of survival

With bystander CPR and early AED use,

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70,000

LIVES SAVED

If every victim received Bystander CPR and �early use of an AED:

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October 2022

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60%

45.6%

47.4%

38.5%

White

Black and Hispanic

Percentage of Bystander Cardiac Arrests with Bystander CPR

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Gender Disparities

Women are less likely to receive bystander CPR than men.

The gap is even larger for Asian American and Pacific Islander women.

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Pediatric Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest

Only 21% of children survived, and survival was lowest in communities with lower education levels, higher rates of poverty and high racial or ethnic minority prevalence.

May be due in part to a lack of education on how to administer CPR and AED

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AEDs are Rarely Used

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Barriers to CPR or Calling 911

Lack of confidence
Physical limitations
Language barrier
Distrust of government/police
Lack of knowledge of 911 system
Financial concerns
Poor healthcare knowledge
Fear of racial mistreatment

Fear of “doing something wrong”
Not understanding AED
Not realizing ‘mouth to mouth’ is OUT in adults
Fear of lawsuits
Exposing female victims

General Public

Concerns

Specific Community Concerns

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How about a lawsuit?

You are protected under Good Samaritan Laws!

Also: “Bystanders of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest are more likely to face legal consequences for delaying or failing to provide CPR than for damages incurred during a resuscitation attempt.”

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What if I hurt them?

Better a broken rib than dying!!

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The 3 C’s

CHECK

Move the person onto a HARD SURFACE.
Press hard and fast in the center of the chest at a rate of 100 times per minute about 2 inches deep (think of the song “Staying Alive”).
Open and turn on the AED and follow its instructions.

Check the scene for safety
Check Responsiveness
Are they breathing normally?

If the answer is no, start CPR!

CALL 911

COMPRESS & AED

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What if I’m alone and witness a SCA?

If you are alone and an AED is within a 3 minute radius of your location - call 911 and retrieve the AED before beginning CPR

Why? Increased chance of survival the sooner an AED is applied
Why 3 minutes? Improving survival depends on a shock being delivered between 3-5 minutes after collapse
Why start CPR if an AED is too far away? The benefits of continuous chest compressions in maintaining circulation can outweigh the time lost in fetching an AED from a distant location

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What is CPR?

CPR stands for:

CardioPulmonary Resuscitation

It is a way of pumping blood for a victim of cardiac arrest when the heart stops pumping blood on its own
The purpose is to supply oxygen to the brain while waiting for the AED to “restart” the heart

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How to perform CPR

Fully expose chest of victim.
Place one hand on top of the other and press the heel of the bottom hand in the center of the chest.
Lock your elbows.
Press down hard on the chest at least 100 times per minute, so that the chest is compressed about 2 inches with each press.
Allow the chest to completely recoil after each compression.

While lead instructor is talking, have another instructor demonstrate at front of class

**Please mention at some point every victim of cardiac arrest must be fully exposed from the waist up – no exceptions and do not leave bra in place - this is not the time for modesty especially since the AED pads must be placed properly on bare skin to save a life!

Compress:

Place one hand in the center of the chest. Place your other hand on top of that hand and interlock your fingers
Push hard and fast, straight down in the center of the chest.
Push down at least 2 inches. Let the chest rise completely and push again.
Aim for a rate of 100 compressions per minute. This is the tempo of the song “Staying Alive.”
Don’t stop until someone can take over for you or the EMTs or paramedics or other official arrives or you can no longer do CPR.
If there is another person there who knows CPR, switch every two minutes.
Minimize interruptions in CPR.

(3 C’s Demonstration by instructor using mannequin)

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Adult vs. Child/Infant: Key Difference

A respiratory cause of cardiac arrest very common.

�Ventilation (mouth to mouth) is essential in Infant/Child.

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Key Differences in Care: Children vs. Infants

An infant is defined as younger than 1 year

Compression technique: 2 fingers or butterfly technique
AED pad placement: Center of chest and center of back

A child is defined as older than 1 year & has not yet reached puberty

Usually less than 8 years/under 55 pounds
Compression technique: One hand
AED pad placement: Same as adult placement UNLESS the pads would touch (if pads would touch, place on center of chest and center of back)

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Child/Infant CPR

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Rescue Breathing for Children/Infants

Open airway by using head-tilt, chin lift maneuver.
Blow into the child or baby’s mouth for about 1 second
Ensure each breath makes the chest rise
Allow the air to exit before giving the next breath
If the first breath does not cause the chest to rise: re-tilt the head and ensure a proper seal before giving the second breath. If the second breath does not make the chest rise, an object may be blocking the airway.

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What about the AED?

AED stands for:

Automated

External

Defibrillator

They are used to deliver an electrical shock to the victim’s heart to restore a normal heart rhythm.

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Where do I find an AED?

Public buildings
Malls
Libraries
Schools
Airports
Some police cars

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Naloxone inside for opioid overdose responses!

�“Trained responders only”

Deters individuals from accessing and using an AED.

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How to use an AED

All it takes is 3 easy steps:

Open the AED.
Press the power button (some AEDs may automatically turn on when opened).
Follow the voice prompts from the AED.

Point of emphasis – make sure learners understand they are to minimize interruptions to CPR as much as possible but
Will be instructed by the AED to hold compressions while it determines whether a shock is indicated.
How to use: (Instructor demonstrates with AED while teaching or has an assistant if you have enough staffing)

Get the AED.
Open it and press the power button or simply press the power button
Follow the voice prompts. The AED talks to you once it is turned on. Some models start talking once the AED is opened.
Place pads on the bare chest as shown on the machine—remove clothes: Rip, cut, pull off, unbutton—whatever is necessary. The pads stick on the chest and stay on while doing chest compressions. (re-emphasize BARE chest, modesty is out the window just save the victim’s life!)
AED will analyze the person’s heart
The AED will tell you if a shock is needed.

Not every person in cardiac arrest needs a shock

The AED will tell you when to press the shock button.
Make sure nobody is touching the person when you press the shock button.
AED will tell you when to restart chest compressions.
It is impossible to use it incorrectly! The AED will not let you!
You will not shock someone if it is not necessary!
Even if you place the pads incorrectly (not enough contact with skin), the machine will tell you.

End by stating the ONLY mistake you can make with an AED is to not take it off the wall and use it on a victim of cardiac arrest

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Demonstration

POWER ON

APPLY PADS

SHOCK ADVISED

NO SHOCK ADVISED

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What about the SHOCK?

The AED will not shock you.
It will never deliver a shock to a person that does not need it.

Do ensure anyone performing CPR is clear of the patient before pressing the button to deliver the shock, if there is a shock advised.

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Special Considerations When Using an AED

Medication Patches

Hair

Implanted Medical Devices

AED Issues you might run into:

*remind learners that the victim must be fully exposed from the waist up to properly place AED pads, no exceptions and do not leave bra on victim

Water, sweat or other liquids on the chest
Dry off the chest before applying AED pads.
Hair

It is best to remove hair before applying the AED pads.
This allows for better conduction of electricity.
If you have extra AED pads, you can use them to rip off the hair (almost like waxing)
Some AEDs will have razors that can be used to shave the chest.
Worst case scenario? Only have one pair of AED pads and no razor? Just apply the pads as is.

Medication patches

Remove the patch if possible before applying AED pad
OR simply place the AED pad next to the patch
DO NOT place the AED pad over the medication patch----this may cause burns or prevent the AED from properly administering a shock.
Implanted medical devices (for instance pacemakers or defibrillators)

This might looks like a small scar and bump on the chest (up to the size of half a deck-of-cards).
If it is located where you would normally place the AED pad, just reposition the pad so it is not directly over the medical device.
If the person has an implanted defibrillator, this does not affect your use of an AED!

Breasts- important to remove all clothing. Better to be exposed than dead!

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Worst Case Scenario

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What about choking?

Choking occurs when a foreign body (usually food) obstructs the airway.
If they are still talking or coughing encourage them to keep coughing.
If they are not coughing or making any noise, begin giving care.

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General Care for Choking - Adults/Children

Position yourself to the side and slightly behind the person.
Give 5 back blows using the heel of your hand to strike between the shoulder blades.
If there is no improvement, have the person stand up straight and position yourself behind them.
Give 5 abdominal thrusts using an upwards “J” motion.
Continue alternating between 5 back blows and 5 abdominal thrusts until: the object is forced out, the person is able to cry/speak, OR becomes unresponsive.
If the person becomes unresponsive, begin CPR starting with chest compressions.

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How to Perform First Aid for Choking

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General Care for Choking – Infants

Position infant face-down along your forearm using your thigh for support. Keep the infant’s head lower than their body.
Give 5 back blows using the heel of your hand to strike between the shoulder blades.
Turn infant face-up with their head lower than their body.
Give 5 chest thrusts using 2 fingers and going about 1.5 inches deep.
Continue alternating between 5 back blows and 5 chest thrusts until: the infant is able to cry/cough OR becomes unresponsive.
If the infant becomes unresponsive, begin CPR starting with chest compressions.

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How to Perform First Aid for Choking - Infants

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Recap & Ideal Save Scenario – Claire’s Story

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Learn more & our upcoming classes by

scanning the QR code or visiting our

website!

Please share our Foundation’s information with your family, friends, and co-workers.

Compress & Shock Foundation

@compress_and_shock

compressandshock@gmail.com

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