2 of 47

8.1- Where Are States Distributed?

Learning Targets

I can explain the three eras of rapid growth in UN membership.
I can explain why it is difficult to determine whether some territories are states.
I can explain the concept of nation-state and how it differs from earlier ways to govern.

3 of 47

8.1- Where Are States Distributed?

I can explain the three eras of rapid growth in UN membership.

Define each of the following in your pod & provide an example for each→

State:
Sovereignty:
Microstates (3 examples):
Nation-State (2 examples):
United Nations:
Self-determination:

→ We will talk about these once time is up!

4 of 47

8.1- Where Are States Distributed?

I can explain the three eras of rapid growth in UN membership.

What are the goals/purpose of the UN according to this video?
Which 5 states are on the permanent security council (also in the video)?

1:56

5 of 47

8.1- Where Are States Distributed?

I can explain why it is difficult to determine whether some territories are states.

As a pod, use your textbook to determine why it is difficult to determine the status of these states (or if they are even states to begin with):

Korea
Taiwan & China
Western Sahara
Polar Regions

4:32

2:40

6 of 47

8.1- Where Are States Distributed?

I can explain why it is difficult to determine whether some territories are states.

North Korea: Basketball Diplomacy (watch on your own if interested):

31:10

7 of 47

8.1- Where Are States Distributed?

I can explain the concept of nation-state and how it differs from earlier ways to govern.

Ancient States: City-states→ a sovereign state that includes a city and the surrounding area. Examples: Sumeria, Assyria, Greece
Medieval States: the Roman Empire controlled most of Europe, North Africa, & SW Asia. Collapsed in 5th century due to outside invasions & internal government problems. Kings & Emperors developed later. Examples: Roman Empire, Ottoman Empire, Russian Empire

8 of 47

8.1- Where Are States Distributed?

I can explain the concept of nation-state and how it differs from earlier ways to govern.

Nation-States→ In your pod, identify and explain what a nation-state is. Think about and list some examples of nation-states:

9 of 47

8.2- Why Are Nation-States Difficult to Create?

Learning Targets

I can understand the difference between a nation-state and a

multinational state.

I can describe the differences among the states formerly in the

Soviet Union

I can describe patterns of ethnicities in Russia and the Caucasus.

I can explain the concept of colonies and describe their current

distribution.

10 of 47

8-2 Why Are Nation-States Difficult to Create?

I can understand the difference between a nation-state and a

multinational state.

How many countries are there?

NATION- GROUP OF PEOPLE WITH COMMON ETHNIC AND POLITICAL IDENTITY, NOT EVERY NATION HAS A STATE: THE KURDS AND PALESTINIANS - THEY ARE STATELESS.

NATION-STATES-A STATE WHOSE TERRITORY CORRESPONDS TO THAT OCCUPIED BY A PARTICULAR ETHNICITY- FRANCE, JAPAN, ICELAND, DENMARK, SLOVENIA , EGYPT. CULTURAL HOMOGENEITY

MULTINATIONAL STATE-A COUNTRY THAT CONTAINS MORE THAN ONE ETHNICITY, WITH TRADITIONS OF SELF-DETERMINATION- EXAMPLES-USSR AND NOW RUSSIA ,US, BELGIUM & CANADA

MULTIETHNIC STATE- A STATE THAT CONTAINS MORE THAN ONE ETHNICITY- PRETTY MUCH EVERY STATE

11 of 47

8-2 Why Are Nation-States Difficult to Create?

I can understand the difference between a nation-state and a

multinational state.

I can understand the difference between a nation-state and a

multinational state.

COUNTRIES LIKE THE USSR, YUGOSLAVIA AND CZECHOSLOVAKIA USED CENTRIPETAL FORCES TO CONTROL THE ETHNICITIES IN THEIR COUNTRIES.

LANGUAGE

( Russian required in USSR republics, 2nd language in Eastern Europe)

COMMUNIST ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL VIEWPOINTS
ORGANIZED RELIGION WAS MINIMIZED AS A COMPETITOR TO

COMMUNISM

THE ETHNICITIES IN THESE COUNTRIES WANTED THEIR OWN NATION-STATES.

THEY RESENTED THE DOMINANCE OF ANOTHER ETHNICITY OVER THEM.

12 of 47

8-2 Why Are Nation-States Difficult to Create?

I can describe the differences among the states formerly in the

Soviet Union

IN YOUR POD USING PGS. 270 AND 271

COMPLETE THE CHART #1 ABOUT THESE

NATION-STATES AND MULTINATIONAL STATES.

THE MAP TO THE RIGHT SHOWS THE FORMER

SOVIET UNION OR USSR. IT WAS 15

REPUBLICS UNTIL 1991.

Kazakhstan-Russian gov’t diverted water for farming.

Destruction of the Aral Sea -5min

Aral Sea Environmental Disaster - 2min Aral Sea- Britannica

13 of 47

8-2 Why Are Nation-States Difficult to Create?

I can describe patterns of ethnicities in Russia and the Caucasus.

IN YOUR POD DISCUSS AND RECORD ANSWERS ON YOUR SHEET:

WHY DO MULTINATIONAL COUNTRIES HAVE PROBLEMS WITH ETHNICITIES?

LOOKING AT THE MAP ON PG. 272 WHERE ARE RUSSIANS CLUSTERED AND WHERE IS THE LARGEST CLUSTER OF OTHER ETHNICITIES IN RUSSIA?

WHY ARE THESE OTHER ETHNICITIES DEMANDING INDEPENDENCE NOW?

14 of 47

8-2 Why Are Nation-States Difficult to Create?

I can describe patterns of ethnicities in Russia and the Caucasus

CAUCASUS-

AREA OF RUSSIA SITUATED BETWEEN THE BLACK AND CASPIAN SEA AND NAME IS FROM THE MOUNTAINS SEPARATING GEORGIA AND AZERBAIJAN FROM RUSSIA.

TROUBLE IN THE NORTHERN CAUCASUS WHICH REMAINED A PART OF RUSSIA.

TROUBLE IN THE NORTHERN CAUCASUS ( 3 MIN)

15 of 47

8-2 Why Are Nation-States Difficult to Create?

I can explain the concept of colonies and describe their current

distribution.

IN YOUR POD DISCUSS:

DEFINE A COLONY AND WHEN WAS THE GREATEST TIME OF COLONIZATION?

IN WHAT ERA DID COLONIES RECEIVE INDEPENDENCE?

NAME SOME EXAMPLES OF COLONIZERS AND COLONIES.

EUROPEAN COLONIZATION

16 of 47

8-2 Why Are Nation-States Difficult to Create?

I can explain the concept of colonies and describe their current

distribution.

IN YOUR POD DISCUSS:

USE PG. 275 AND FIND OUT HOW MANY COLONIES EXIST TODAY?

WHAT IS THE MOST POPULOUS COLONY?

LEAST POPULATED?

WHAT IS GREENLAND? WHAT ABOUT HONG KONG AND MACAO?

17 of 47

8.3- Why Do Boundaries Cause Problems?

Learning Targets

I can describe the types of physical boundaries between states
I can describe the types of cultural boundaries between states
I can describe the five shapes of states
I can describe differences among the three regime types
I can explain the concept of gerrymandering and three ways that it is done

18 of 47

8.3- Why Do Boundaries Cause Problems?

I can describe the types of physical boundaries between states

Desert Boundaries

Effective- tough to cross!
Stable- don’t change much…
Examples (p. 276):

Mountain Boundaries

Effective- permanent, tough to cross
Complex- difficult to decide precisely where border is…
Examples (p. 276):

Water Boundaries

Most common
Good for defense
Flow of river changes= border changes!

Example (p. 277):

19 of 47

8.3- Why Do Boundaries Cause Problems?

I can describe the types of cultural boundaries between states

IN YOUR POD COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING!
Geometric Boundaries

Using the examples on p. 278, how do these seem to have been established?

Ethnic Boundaries

Used to separate ________ or _________.

Cyprus’s “Green Line” Boundary

Nations involved: ____________, __________, _________

20 of 47

8.3- Why Do Boundaries Cause Problems?

I can describe the five shapes of states

Compact, Elongated, Prorupted, Perforated, Fragmented, Landlocked States
Complete “Shapes of States” activity in your pod. Use pp. 280 & 281 of your text along with the Internet (phones are legal for this) for the column on the far right!

21 of 47

8.3- Why Do Boundaries Cause Problems?

I can describe the five shapes of states

Compact, Elongated, Prorupted, Perforated, Fragmented, Landlocked States

11:53

22 of 47

8.3- Why Do Boundaries Cause Problems?

I can describe the five shapes of states

Compact, Elongated, Prorupted, Perforated, Fragmented, or Landlocked?

23 of 47

8.3- Why Do Boundaries Cause Problems?

I can describe the five shapes of states

Compact, Elongated, Prorupted, Perforated, Fragmented, or Landlocked?

24 of 47

8.3- Why Do Boundaries Cause Problems?

I can describe the five shapes of states

Compact, Elongated, Prorupted, Perforated, Fragmented, or Landlocked?

25 of 47

8.3- Why Do Boundaries Cause Problems?

I can describe the five shapes of states

Compact, Elongated, Prorupted, Perforated, Fragmented, or Landlocked?

26 of 47

8.3- Why Do Boundaries Cause Problems?

I can describe the five shapes of states

Compact, Elongated, Prorupted, Perforated, Fragmented, or Landlocked?

27 of 47

8.3- Why Do Boundaries Cause Problems?

I can describe the five shapes of states

Compact, Elongated, Prorupted, Perforated, Fragmented, or Landlocked?

28 of 47

8.3- Why Do Boundaries Cause Problems?

I can describe differences among the three regime types

The world is becoming more democratic but each democracy is different

Definition of ANOCRACY:

Complete the chart on your sheet with your pod using pp. 282-283

29 of 47

8.3- Why Do Boundaries Cause Problems?

I can describe differences among the three regime types

Arab Spring-- an example of the world’s movement toward democracy

30 of 47

8.3- Why Do Boundaries Cause Problems?

I can explain the concept of gerrymandering and three ways that it is done

Gerrymandering: "The practice of drawing electoral district lines in order to limit [or strengthen] the voting strength of a particular group or party."

Gerrymandering is done to give a political party an advantage in elections

States are divided into districts
District size is based on population-- each district should contain about the same # of people
Representatives from each district serve in the US House of Representatives

31 of 47

8.3- Why Do Boundaries Cause Problems?

I can explain the concept of gerrymandering and three ways that it is done

Gerrymandering (cont.)

Districts are re-drawn every 10 years based on the US census
Some states lose districts, some states gain districts based on how the population has changed

This is called REAPPORTIONMENT! (Video)

The political party that controls the STATE legislature gets to

draw the US (federal) map

Parties draw the map to favor their party. This is called GERRYMANDERING!

32 of 47

8.3- Why Do Boundaries Cause Problems?

I can explain the concept of gerrymandering and three ways that it is done

Gerrymandering (cont.)

Gerrymandering is:

legal
done by both parties
criticized by people who say district maps should be drawn by VOTERS rather than by POLITICIANS
partisan→ parties draw lines to give their party an advantage
racial/ethnic→ racial/ethnic groups tend to vote certain ways consistently. Gerrymandering seeks to use that as an advantage or break up that voting power (see Packing & Cracking….)

33 of 47

8.3- Why Do Boundaries Cause Problems?

I can explain the concept of gerrymandering and three ways that it is done

Wasted vote Gerrymandering = CRACKING
Excess vote Gerrymandering = PACKING
Stacked vote Gerrymandering = WEIRD LOOKING DISTRICTS

Understand the differences:

Census v. Reapportion

Census: count the people (every 10 years in the US)
Reapportion: change the representation a state (IL, NY, etc.) based on population shifts across the US

34 of 47

This is an example of WASTED VOTE/CRACKING GERRYMANDERING: Franklin County, OH

* Urban & primarily liberal area of Columbus, OH.

* Here urban, liberal voters in Columbus are split into thirds among three different districts (12, 15, 7) which are largely conservative suburbs.

35 of 47

This is an example of EXCESS VOTE/PACKING GERRYMANDERING -- 2nd Cong. District, Arizona

* Voters in a variety of different areas of Arizona are being combined into one district to strengthen a political party

36 of 47

Weird districts maps

This is an example of STACKED VOTE GERRYMANDERING-- 4th Cong. District, Illinois

* Stacked vote gerrymandering combines voters of similar opinions or ethnicities or some other characteristic.

* This leads to oddly shaped districts

* This district is connected by I-294

* It combines Hispanic voters in the northern section with those in the southern portion of the district

37 of 47

8.3- Why Do Boundaries Cause Problems?

I can explain the concept of gerrymandering and three ways that it is done

It is important to understand that the VOTERS do not change or move in this process, it is only the DISTRICT LINES that change.
Take a look at the dots on the next screen. The dots don’t move, but the “districts” change.
The background of the district indicates which color has the most “votes.”

38 of 47

DOT MAPS

How many green dots are there? �How many purple dots are there?�What is the result in the top left? Top right? Bottom left? Bottom right? What is the problem with each district map?

39 of 47

8.3- Why Do Boundaries Cause Problems?

I can explain the concept of gerrymandering and three ways that it is done

Can you GERRYMANDER?
Work with your pod & GERRYMANDER the Xs & Os

Make sure you draw 4 districts
Each district must have 3 squares each!

To look at the US House of Representatives Districts for Illinois, CLICK HERE (scroll down to the very bottom). You’ll see the jagged, twisted lines that indicate GERRYMANDERING has taken place

40 of 47

8.4- Why Do States Cooperate & Compete with Each Other?

Learning Targets

Describe the principal alliances in Europe during the Cold War era.

Describe the principal economic alliances in Europe in the period since WWII.

Explain the concept of terrorism.

Describe ways that states have sponsored terrorism.

Describe alleged sponsorship of terrorism in Iraq and Iran

41 of 47

8.4- Why Do States Cooperate & Compete with Each Other?

Describe the principal alliances in Europe during the Cold War era

After WWII states joined military alliances during the Cold War.

Cold War ( 3min) Warsaw Pact (2:55)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aJxj26sC54Y

IN YOUR POD DISCUSS :THE QUESTIONS AND RECORD YOUR ANSWERS.

42 of 47

8.4- Why Do States Cooperate & Compete with Each Other?

Describe the principal economic alliances in Europe in the period since WWII.

During the Cold War 2 economic alliances formed to create European integration :

The European Economic Community (ECC-1957) becomes the European Union (EU) in 1993. EU blends former NATO with Warsaw Pact countries.
Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (COMECON) formed in 1949 from Warsaw Pact countries.
European Union was created to create economic growth and military security and to integrate European cultures. Biggest obstacle to integration is

the multiplicity of languages.

USE pg.288 (5MIN) European Union Explained

IN YOUR POD DISCUSS QUESTIONS & RECORD ANSWERS