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CLASS - 10

SUBJECT - SCIENCE

CHAPTER – 6

LIFE PROCESSES

PART – 1

BY REKHA CHOUDHARY

T.G.T SCIENCE

KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA VIKASPURI

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  • WHAT ARE LIFE PROCESSES
  • NUTRITION
  • TYPES OF NUTRITION
  • AUTOTROPHIC
  • HETEROTROPHIC
  • NUTRITION IN PLANTS
  • NUTRITION IN AMOEBA
  • NUTRITION IN HUMAN BEINGS

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LIFE PROCESSES

Life processes are the basic processes in living organisms which are necessary for maintaining their life.

The basic life processes are – Nutrition, Respiration, Transportation, and Excretion.

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FOOD IS ESSENTIAL FOR ALL LIVING ORGANISMS. IT ENABLES ORGANISMS–

  • TO BUILD THEIR BODIES
  • TO GROW
  • TO REPAIR DAMAGED PARTS OF THE BODY
  • TO PROVIDE ENERGY FOR VARIOUS ACTIVITIES

NUTRITION

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THESE COMPONENTS OF FOOD ARE KNOWN AS NUTRIENTS

CARBOHYDRATES

VITAMINS,

MINERALS

FATS

PROTEINS

THE UPTAKE OF NUTRIENTS AND ITS UTILISATION BY THE BODY IS CALLED NUTRITION

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THERE ARE TWO MODES OF NUTRITION:

  • AUTOTROPHIC NUTRITION
  • HETEROTROPHIC NUTRITION

NUTRITION

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NUTRITION

THE MODE OF NUTRITION IN WHICH ORGANISMS MAKE FOOD THEMSELVES FROM SIMPLE SUBSTANCES, IS CALLED AUTOTROPHIC NUTRITION.

GREEN PLANTS ARE CALLED AUTOTROPHS BECAUSE THEY PREPARE THEIR OWN FOOD.

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NUTRITION

THE MODE OF NUTRITION IN WHICH ORGANISMS TAKE IN FOOD PREPARED BY PLANTS, IS CALLED HETEROTROPHIC NUTRITION.

ANIMALS ARE CALLED HETEROTROPHS BECAUSE THEY DEPEND ON PLANTS FOR THEIR FOOD

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NUTRITION

IN

PLANTS

PLANTS PREPARE THEIR FOOD WITH THE HELP OF CERTAIN RAW MATERIALS.

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NUTRITION IN PLANTS

WHAT ARE THE RAW MATERIALS NEEDED BY PLANTS TO MAKE FOOD?

-WATER

-CARBON DIOXIDE

-SUNLIGHT

-MINERALS

-CHLOROPHYLL

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NUTRITION IN PLANTS

THE PROCESS BY WHICH PLANTS PREPARE THEIR FOOD BY USING THESE RAW MATERIALS IS CALLED PHOTOSYNTHESIS

LEAVES ARE THE PLACES WHERE FOOD IS PREPARED BY PLANTS.

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WATER AND MINERALS ARE PRESENT IN SOIL.

THEY ARE ABSORBED BY THE ROOTS

Water and Minerals are transported to the leaves by the vessels which run like pipes throughout the root, the stem, the branches and the leaves.

NUTRITION IN PLANTS

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NUTRITION IN PLANTS

THERE ARE TINY PORES PRESENT ON THE SUFACE OF LEAVES CALLED STOMATA.

THESE PORES ARE SURROUNDED BY GUARD CELLS.

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NUTRITION IN PLANTS

THESE PORES TAKE CARBON DIOXIDE PRESENT IN THE ATMOSPHERE.

STOMATA HELPS IN EXCHANGE OF GASES AND TRANSPIRATION

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NUTRITION IN PLANTS

A SUBSTANCE CALLED CHLOROPHYLL IS PRESENT IN THE LEAVES OF PLANTS.

IT IS A GREEN COLOUR PIGMENT WHICH PROVIDE GREEN COLOUR TO THE LEAVES

IT HELPS THE LEAVES TO CAPTURE THE ENERGY OF SUNLIGHT

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NUTRITION IN PLANTS

Photosynthesis takes place in three main steps. They are :-

i) Absorption of light energy by chlorophyll.

ii) Conversion of light energy into chemical

energy and splitting up of water molecules

into hydrogen and oxygen.

iii) Reduction of carbon dioxide by hydrogen

to form carbohydrates.

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sugar

light energy

chlorophyll

carbon

dioxide

water

oxygen

THE PROCESS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS CAN BE REPRESENTED IN AN EQUATION.

During this process, oxygen is also released.

Plants store their food in the form of starch.

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HETEROTROPHIC NUTRITION

There are three main types of heterotrophic nutrition. They are Saprophytic

Parasitic

Holozoic

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HETEROTROPHIC NUTRITION

i) Saprohytic nutrition :- is nutrition in which organisms get their food from dead and decaying organisms. They break down the food material outside their body and then absorbs it. Eg :- mushroom, bread mould, yeast, some bacteria etc.

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ii) Parasitic nutrition :- is nutrition in which organisms get their food from living organisms (host) without killing them. Eg :- cuscuta, orchids, ticks, lice, leeches, round worm, tape worm, plasmodium etc.

HETEROTROPHIC NUTRITION

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HETEROTROPHIC NUTRITION

iii) Holozoic nutrition :- is nutrition in which organisms take food directly and then digests and absorbs it. Eg :- amoeba, paramaecium, birds, fishes, humans etc.

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NUTRITION IN AMOEBA

  • AMOEBA IS A MICROSCOPIC ORGANISM WHICH CONSIST OF ONLY A SINGLE CELL.
  • AMOEBA IS MOSTLY FOUND IN POND WATER .
  • AMOEBA EATS TINY PLANTS AND ANIMALS AS FOOD WHICH FLOATS IN WATER IN WHICH IT LIVES.

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NUTRITION IN AMOEBA

  • AMOEBA INGESTS FOOD BY FORMING TEMPORARY FINGER LIKE PROJECTIONS CALLED PSEUDOPODIA AROUND IT.

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NUTRITION IN AMOEBA

  • THE FOOD IS ENGULFED WITH A LITTLE SURROUNDING WATER TO FORM A FOOD VACUOLE.

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NUTRITION IN AMOEBA

  • THE FOOD IS DIGESTED IN THE FOOD VACUOLE BY DIGESTIVE ENZYMES.

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NUTRITION IN AMOEBA

  • THE REMAINING UNDIGESTED MATERIAL IS MOVED TO THE SURFACE OF THE CELL AND THROWN OUT OF THE OF AMOEBA

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