CLASS - 10
SUBJECT - SCIENCE
CHAPTER – 6
LIFE PROCESSES
PART – 1
BY REKHA CHOUDHARY
T.G.T SCIENCE
KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA VIKASPURI
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Page 2
LIFE PROCESSES
Life processes are the basic processes in living organisms which are necessary for maintaining their life.
The basic life processes are – Nutrition, Respiration, Transportation, and Excretion.
FOOD IS ESSENTIAL FOR ALL LIVING ORGANISMS. IT ENABLES ORGANISMS–
NUTRITION
THESE COMPONENTS OF FOOD ARE KNOWN AS NUTRIENTS
CARBOHYDRATES
VITAMINS,
MINERALS
FATS
PROTEINS
THE UPTAKE OF NUTRIENTS AND ITS UTILISATION BY THE BODY IS CALLED NUTRITION
THERE ARE TWO MODES OF NUTRITION:
NUTRITION
NUTRITION
THE MODE OF NUTRITION IN WHICH ORGANISMS MAKE FOOD THEMSELVES FROM SIMPLE SUBSTANCES, IS CALLED AUTOTROPHIC NUTRITION.
GREEN PLANTS ARE CALLED AUTOTROPHS BECAUSE THEY PREPARE THEIR OWN FOOD.
NUTRITION
THE MODE OF NUTRITION IN WHICH ORGANISMS TAKE IN FOOD PREPARED BY PLANTS, IS CALLED HETEROTROPHIC NUTRITION.
ANIMALS ARE CALLED HETEROTROPHS BECAUSE THEY DEPEND ON PLANTS FOR THEIR FOOD
NUTRITION
IN
PLANTS
PLANTS PREPARE THEIR FOOD WITH THE HELP OF CERTAIN RAW MATERIALS.
NUTRITION IN PLANTS
WHAT ARE THE RAW MATERIALS NEEDED BY PLANTS TO MAKE FOOD?
-WATER
-CARBON DIOXIDE
-SUNLIGHT
-MINERALS
-CHLOROPHYLL
NUTRITION IN PLANTS
THE PROCESS BY WHICH PLANTS PREPARE THEIR FOOD BY USING THESE RAW MATERIALS IS CALLED PHOTOSYNTHESIS
LEAVES ARE THE PLACES WHERE FOOD IS PREPARED BY PLANTS.
WATER AND MINERALS ARE PRESENT IN SOIL.
THEY ARE ABSORBED BY THE ROOTS
Water and Minerals are transported to the leaves by the vessels which run like pipes throughout the root, the stem, the branches and the leaves.
NUTRITION IN PLANTS
NUTRITION IN PLANTS
THERE ARE TINY PORES PRESENT ON THE SUFACE OF LEAVES CALLED STOMATA.
THESE PORES ARE SURROUNDED BY GUARD CELLS.
NUTRITION IN PLANTS
THESE PORES TAKE CARBON DIOXIDE PRESENT IN THE ATMOSPHERE.
STOMATA HELPS IN EXCHANGE OF GASES AND TRANSPIRATION
NUTRITION IN PLANTS
A SUBSTANCE CALLED CHLOROPHYLL IS PRESENT IN THE LEAVES OF PLANTS.
IT IS A GREEN COLOUR PIGMENT WHICH PROVIDE GREEN COLOUR TO THE LEAVES
IT HELPS THE LEAVES TO CAPTURE THE ENERGY OF SUNLIGHT
NUTRITION IN PLANTS
Photosynthesis takes place in three main steps. They are :-
i) Absorption of light energy by chlorophyll.
ii) Conversion of light energy into chemical
energy and splitting up of water molecules
into hydrogen and oxygen.
iii) Reduction of carbon dioxide by hydrogen
to form carbohydrates.
sugar
light energy
chlorophyll
carbon
dioxide
water
oxygen
THE PROCESS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS CAN BE REPRESENTED IN AN EQUATION.
During this process, oxygen is also released.
Plants store their food in the form of starch.
HETEROTROPHIC NUTRITION
There are three main types of heterotrophic nutrition. They are Saprophytic
Parasitic
Holozoic
HETEROTROPHIC NUTRITION
i) Saprohytic nutrition :- is nutrition in which organisms get their food from dead and decaying organisms. They break down the food material outside their body and then absorbs it. Eg :- mushroom, bread mould, yeast, some bacteria etc.
ii) Parasitic nutrition :- is nutrition in which organisms get their food from living organisms (host) without killing them. Eg :- cuscuta, orchids, ticks, lice, leeches, round worm, tape worm, plasmodium etc.
HETEROTROPHIC NUTRITION
HETEROTROPHIC NUTRITION
iii) Holozoic nutrition :- is nutrition in which organisms take food directly and then digests and absorbs it. Eg :- amoeba, paramaecium, birds, fishes, humans etc.
NUTRITION IN AMOEBA
NUTRITION IN AMOEBA
NUTRITION IN AMOEBA
NUTRITION IN AMOEBA
NUTRITION IN AMOEBA
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