12th Five Year Plan  (2012–17) 

Introduction

• The Twelfth Five Year Plan began on April 1, 2012.
• The Twelfth Plan's slogan is "Faster, Sustainable, and More Inclusive Growth." 

Twelfth five-year plan – Objectives�

• Economic growth
• The real GDP is growing at an annual rate of 8%.
• Agriculture is growing at a rate of 4%.
• Manufacturing is growing at a 10% rate.
• Every state must achieve a faster rate of growth than that of the 11th plan.

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Twelfth five-year plan – Objectives

• Poverty and Employment
• The poverty rate will be lowered by 10% compared to the end of the 11th plan.
• In the non-farm sector, there are 5 million new job openings and skill certifications.

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Twelfth five-year plan – Objectives

Education

• The average number of years spent in school will rise to seven.
• In higher education, there are 20 lakh seats available for each age group.
• To eliminate gender and social disparities in school enrollment.

Twelfth five-year plan – Objectives

• Health
• Increase the Child Sex Ratio to 950 by lowering the IMR to 25 and the MMR to 1.
• Total Fertility Rate (TFR) should be reduced to 2.1.
• Reduce child malnutrition in the 0-3 age range to half of the NFHS-3 level.

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Twelfth five-year plan – Objectives

• Infrastructure
• Infrastructure investment accounts for 9% of GDP (gross irrigated area). 103 million hectares of land (from 90 million hectare)
• All communities will have electricity, and AT&C losses will be reduced by 20%.
• All-Weather Roads to Connect Villages

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Twelfth five-year plan – Objectives

• Infrastructure
• National and state highways must have a minimum of two lanes.
• Dedicated Freight Corridors on both the east and west coasts.
• Teledensity in rural areas has reached 70%.
• 50 percent of the rural population will have access to 40 litres of drinking water per day, and 50 percent of all Gram Panchayats will have Nirmal Gram status.

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Twelfth five-year plan – Objectives

• Environment and Sustainability
• Every year, increase green cover by 1 million hectares.
• Over a five-year period, 30,000 MW of renewable energy will be generated.
• By 2020, the GDP emission intensity will be decreased to 20-25 percent of 2005 levels.

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Twelfth five-year plan – Objectives

• Service Delivery
• 90 percent of Indian households have access to banking services.
• Subsidies and welfare payments will be made through the Aadhar-based Direct Cash Transfer Scheme.

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Twelfth five-year plan – Objectives

• Environmental growth
• With regards to yearly increment in the green cover of about 1 million hectares
• Creation of 30,000 Mega Watt renewable energy 
• Electricity availability in villages

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Achievements

• Increased Growth Rate
• Growth of Economic Infrastructure:

At inception of economic planning road kilometer was 4 lakh kms.  

India has now 3 million km of road network making it one of largest in the world.

Other modes of transport like shipping, civil aviation have also widened phenomenally.

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Achievements

• Development of Basic and Capital Goods Industries
• Higher Growth of Agriculture

Most important aspect of India’s Five Year Plans is the overall rate of growth of food production has now exceeded rate of growth of population.

Due to impact of bio-chemical revolution in Indian agriculture the food crisis seems to be of the past.  

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Achievements

• Savings and Investment:

Rise in domestic savings rate from 10 p.c. of GDP at initial stages of planning to around 19 p.c. in 1980-81 is definitely impressive.  

This rate increased to 34.8 p.c. by the end of March 2007.  

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Criticism

• Flows in Rural Infrastructure Development: The plan excludes the construction of hundreds, if not thousands, of schools with toilet and drinking water facilities, which are practically required in all major states.

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Criticism�

Economic Inequality and Social Injustice:

• Twin aspects of social justice involves one hand i.e. reduction in economic inequalities and on other the reduction of poverty.
• Rise in national income with economic power in hands of few people is not wished.
• In a capitalist framework inequality the distribution of income and wealth is inevitable.  
• India’s socio-­political set-up has vast inequalities exist.  
• Indian plans targets at lessening such inequalities so that benefits of economic development percolate down to lower group of the society.

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Criticism�

• Unemployment:
• It never got the priority it required.  
• Problem of unemployment is increasing

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Thank You