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Developing

Vocabulary

14th May 2024

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Write down what comes to mind.

piano

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Now?

piano

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Why Focus on Vocabulary?

  • Vocabulary knowledge accounts for 80% of the variance in reading comprehension scores at year/grade level
  • A learner’s vocabulary is the strongest predictor of reading comprehension
  • By 4th grade (Year 5) 70% of reading problems are related to vocabulary
  • Reading comprehension is highly correlated with oral vocabulary
  • Vocabulary is the classic way of determining text difficulty / readability

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Pillars of Practice

Designing Reading with the End in Mind

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Which Words?

Which Words?

It is estimated that to reach the goal of the 15 - 20 000 word vocabulary of a literate person, students must acquire a robust knowledge of about 700 words a year (Beck et al, 1987)

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Why Tier 2 Words?

Why Tier 2 Words?

Tier 2 words are highly desirable for targeted teaching because they are:

  • Found infrequently in conversation (characteristic of written text) i.e. learners less likely to learn independently;
  • High utility (words cross a variety of domains);
  • Powerful impact on verbal functioning (e.g. precision; sophistication);
  • Words for which students understand the general concept (...the tier two word provides more specificity/richness of meaning).

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Pause Point: Implicit vs Explicit Instruction?

Don’t leave it to chance!

Many learners accumulate high-quality vocabulary knowledge…

independently

implicitly

extensive reading

in rich language environments

abundant practice

from a variety of word forms

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How Familiar Are These Vocabulary Terms?

receptive

productive

abstract

literal

connotation

denotation

word consciousness

lexical bar

Follow the instructions to complete this ‘Spotlight’ Word Knowledge Organiser.

semantics

phonology

syntax

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Before Teaching: Some Approaches

ANTICIPATION GUIDES

SPOTLIGHT CHECKS

TRAFFIC LIGHTS

Find out which words students know and how well

Build background knowledge (e.g. ‘survival’ words or concepts)

SCAFFOLDING TEXTS

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Activity: Word ‘Spotlight’

Before Reading

After Reading

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Activity: Traffic Light

Red: words that are completely new to you

Orange: words you have seen before but are a little unsure about their meaning

Green: all words you are very confident you know the meaning of

new

know

unsure

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During Teaching: Introducing Words

MODELLING BOOK

WORD CARDS

Make the target words visible. See, say, repeat, + ‘friendly’ meaning.

DISPLAYS

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What Would You Do? Talk to a Buddy

Before or during the guided reading session? When would you get learners to watch the video?

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Interactive, Robust Approaches with Talk

Activity

Learning Design Principles

  • Word associations

Builds semantic connections between words and concepts; active talk to reason about meanings

  • When have / might you ….?

Connects to students’ lived experiences. Requires collaborative decision making to reach consensus; Has multimodal links to strengthen verbal-aural connections.

  • Which would you …?

Really fun! Connects to students’ lived experiences and reasoning together deepens active processing

  • Degrees of meaning

Build flexible word knowledge. Builds learners understanding of the word in a variety of contexts.

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After Instruction: Consolidate

IMMEDIATE TRANSFER

  • Multimodal matching
  • Question-answer
  • Annotating / labelling
  • Cloze

Establish routine. Introduce approach. Rinse, repeat, swap approaches to keep it engaging.

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After Instruction: Delayed Transfer

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After Instruction: Far Transfer

STUDENT CREATED QUIZZES

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Summary: Multiple Exposures

Robust, interactive activities can be planned for:

  • Immediate transfer: part of a response-to-text (consolidate)
  • Delayed transfer: Must do follow up (e.g. stand alone task board activity)
  • Far transfer: Maintenance (mid-year review using word associations (e.g. learner created for a buddy)

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Our Vocab Goals for this Term

Create a word wall and ensure I refer back to it and reteach Katie

Continue to celebrate and praise use of WOW words in everyday conversation. Take a photo of the child who uses the word and add this to the wall. Celebrate and use these in our hub Assembly. Theresa

Create a word wall/jar and refer back to it throughout the day and maintain it.

Jess

Focus on relevant vocab for lower level readers (some students have a smaller world view, focus on unknown words linked to space telescope, galaxy etc.) Ben

Degrees of meaning. Extend the chance to expose students to multiple meaning of words in their reading text.

T.C

Keep making the wow word wall. Write up specific content words from science and so forth.

-Iona

Referring to my WOW words during other lessons, especially writing. �More vocabulary follow ups. �- Jaymee

Use and maintain some key vocabulary displays - and remember to refer back to them!

Word Cards for key vocabulary during guided reading.

- Kate H and Parintorn -

Using and maintaining a word jar and Word staircase - Deb

Highlight key vocab in reading modelling book and referring to it throughout the session. - Charlotte

Explicit teaching of tier 2 words. Put the words on a word wall and refer to these words regularly.

-Sarah

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Word Consciousness

“An interest and awareness of words”

(Scott and Nagy, 2004; Anderson & Nagy, 1992)

Why is it important? How to build word conscious classrooms?

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Beck, McKeown & Kucan, 2013