NAVODAYA VIDYALAYA SAMITI

TOPIC – MINERAL AND POWER RESOURCES

NAJMUL HASSAN

TGT (S.St)

JNV – DHUBRI, ASSAM

Mineral And Power Resources

• A Naturally occurring substances that has a definite chemical composition is a mineral.
• Early humans used stone to make tools and weapons, so that the first stage is known as stone age.
• After that the early human being used copper, as copper was discovered the first metal and used so that stage is known as Copper age.

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Cont………

• After the copper age they came to know about the Bronze age.
• And Iron was the last metal the early humans have discovered.
• But the discovery of Iron has made the life of early human being more comfortable, so that this age is known as iron age.

Types of Minerals

• Minerals
• Metallic
• Ferrous

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• Non Ferrous

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• Non Metallic

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Types of Minerals

• There are over three thousands minerals.
• On the basis of composition, minerals are classified into metallic and non-metallic.
• Metallic minerals are those from which metals such as iron, copper, gold, etc are derived.
• Metallic minerals are found in igneous and metamorphic rocks.
• Metallic mineral may be ferrous and non ferrous.

Metallic Mineral�

• Metallic
• Mineral
• Ferrous Minerals
• Minerals which contains iron

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• Non-Ferrous Minerals
• Minerals does not contain iron but contain some other metal

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Non-metallic Mineral

• Non-metallic minerals do not contains metals.
• Non-metallic minerals includes lime stone, mica, gypsum and sulphur etc.
• Mineral fuel like coal and petrolium are also non-metallic minerals.

Extraction of Minerals

• Extraction of mineral resources from the earth is called mining.
• Mineral can be extracted by mining, drilling or quarrying.
• The method of mining is depends upon the depth at which the mineral is located.
• The process of extraction of mineral oil is called drilling.
• It is digging out through oil wells.

Distribution of Minerals

• Minerals occur in different types of rocks.
• Metallic minerals are generally found in igneous and metamorphic rocks.
• Sedimentary rocks, plains and young fold mountains contain non-metallic minerals.
• Mineral fuels such as coal and petroleum are also found in the sedimentary rocks.

Distribution of Minerals

ASIA

• China & India has large iron ore deposit.
• Asia is also producing more than half of the world’s tin.
• China, Malaysia and Indonesia are the world’s largest producer of Tin.
• China also produces lead, antinomy and tungsten.
• Manganese, bauxite, nickel, zinc and copper are also produced in Asia.

Europe

Europe

• Europe is the leading producer of iron-ore in the world.
• Iron is found in Russia, Ukraine, Sweden and France.
• Copper, lead, zinc, manganese and nickel are found in Eastern Europe.

North America

North America

• In North America the minerals are basically deposited in the three regions.
• Iron ore, nickel, gold, uranium and copper are found in the Canadian Shield Region.
• Coal is found in The Appalachian region.
• Western Cordilleras have vast deposits of copper, lead, zinc, gold, silver.

South America

South America

• Brazil is the largest producer of high grade Iron ore in the world.
• Chile and Peru are leading producer of Copper
• Brazil and Bolivia is the largest producer of Tin in the world.
• Mineral oil is found in Venezuela, Argentina, Chile, Peru, and Columbia.
• Gold, Silver, Zinc, Chromium, Manganese, Bauxite, Mica, Platinum, Asbestos and Diamond are also found in this continent.

Africa

• It is the world’s largest producer of Diamond, Gold, Platinum.
• South Africa, Zimbabwe and Zaire produce largest amount of gold in the world.
• Mineral Oil is also found in Nigeria, Libya and Angola.

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Australia

• Australia is the largest producer of bauxite in the world.
• It is also leading producer of gold, diamond, iron ore, tin and nickel.
• Kalgoorilie and Coolgardie areas is the largest deposits of Gold.
• Other minerals found here is copper, lead, zinc and manganese.

Antarctica

• Coal is found in Transantarctic Mountains.
• Iron is found near the Prince Charles Mountains.
• Iron ore, gold, silver and oil are also present here.
• Geologists has predicted the existence of a variety of mineral deposits here.

Distribution in India

• India is rich endowed with mineral resources, which provide a strong base for the various industries.
• Distribution of resources is uneven in India.

IRON

• Iron is found in Jharkhand, Odisha, Chattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Goa, Maharastra and Karnataka.

Bauxite

• Major Bauxite producing areas are Jharkhand, Odisha, Chattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Maharastra and Tamilnadu.

Contd…..

Mica

• Mica deposit is found in Jharkhand, Bihar, andhra Pradesh, Rajasthan.

Copper

• It is mainly produced in Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Jharkhand, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh.

Manganese

• It lies in Maharastra, Madhya Pradesh, Chattisgarh, Odisha, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh.

Contd……

Limestone

• It is found in Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Rajasthan, Gujarat and Tamilnadu.

Gold

• Kolar in Karnataka is the only and the deepest mines of the world.

Salt

• It is obtained from Seas, Lakes, Rocks and India is also the largest producers of Salt.

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Uses of Minerals

• Minerals are used in many industries.
• Minerals used for gems are usually hard and used for jewelry.
• Copper is used for making coin, utensils, and pipes.
• Silicon is obtained from Quartz and used for computer industries.
• Aluminum is obtained from Bauxite and used in automobile, airplanes, bottling industries, kitchen cookware.

Power Resources

• Power resources are those resources which are used to generate power or energy.
• Coal, Petroleum, Natural Gas, Water and Nuclear fuel are the main sources of power.
• The modern world runs on power.

Conservation of Minerals

• Minerals are non-renewable resources.
• The Ways in which minerals can be conserved are:

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Conventional Sources (Coal)

• Coal is organic in nature.
• Coal is the fossils fuel used in domestic and industrial purposes.
• Coal is the mineral which is used in the steam engine.
• Today also it is widely used to produce elecricity.
• Electricity generated through coal is called Thermal Power.
• Coal is also known as Buried Sunshine.
• The leading Coal Producer of the world is China, USA, Germany, Russia, South Africa and France.

Petroleum

• Petroleum is also known as Black Gold.
• It is found between the layers of rocks.
• It is obtained through drilling from oil fields.
• It is then sent to refineries where the crude oil may produce like diesel, petrol, Kerosene, wax, plastics etc.
• The producers are Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia and Qatar.
• Other major producers are USA, Russia, Venezuela, and Algeria.
• In India it is found in Digboi in Assam Bombay High in Mumbai.

Distribution of Coal,Iron & Copper

Natural Gas

• It is found where petroleum deposits are found.
• It can be used as a domestic and industrial fuel.
• Russia, Norway, UK, and Netherlands are the major producers in the world.
• In India Jaiselmer, Krishna Godawari delta, Tripura and some off shore in Mumbai have natural gas reserves.

Hydel Power

• It is obtained from the falling water.
• The falling water flows through pipes inside the dam over turbine blades at the bottom of the dam.
• The moving blades turn the generator to produce electricity.
• The leading producer in the world is Paraguay, Norway, Brazil and China.
• In India Bhakra Nangal, gandhi Sagar, Nagarjunsagar and Damodar valley Projects.

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��������������Non-conventional Sources of Energy�

• The energy which will not get exhausted.
• Their use also doesn’t causes environmental pollution.

SOLAR ENERGY

• Solar energy trapped from the sun can be used in solar cells to produce electricity.
• It is also used in solar heaters, solar cookers, solar dryers.
• It is also used in community lighting and traffic signal.

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Wind Energy

• It is also inexhaustible source of energy.
• Wind mills may generates electricity.
• It may be found in the coastal regions and in mountain passes.
• Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, UK, USA and Spain are producer of wind energy,
• In India it is basically used in the coastal areas of western Ghats, Himalayan region.

Nuclear Power

• It is obtained from nuclei of atoms from Uranium and Thorium.
• These fuels undergo nucler fission in nuclear reactors and emit power.
• The greatest producers of nuclear power are USA and Europe.
• In India Rajasthan, Uranium is found.
• Thorium is found in the Monazite sands of Kerala.
• The nuclear power stations in India are Kalpakkam in Tamilnadu, Tarapur in Maharastra, Ranapratap Sagar in Rajasthan, Narora in Uttar Pradesh and Kaiga in Karnataka

Geothermal Energy

• Heat energy obtained from the earth is called geothermal energy.
• When we go deep inside the earth the temperature rises, this heat energy can be used to generate power.
• Hot Springs is used for cooking, heating and bathing.
• USA has the world’s largest Producer
• New Zealand, Iceland, Philippines are the other producers.
• In India, its plants are in Manikaran in Himachal Pradesh and Puga valley in Ladakh.

TIDAL ENERGY

• Energy generated from tides is called tidal energy.
• With High tide the energy of the tides is used to turn the turbine to produced electricity.
• Russia, France is producing tidal energy.
• In India, the gulf of kachchh have huge tidal mill farms.

BIOGAS

• Dead plant and animal material, animal dung and kitchen waste can be converted into gaseous fuel known as biogas.
• It is the mixture of methane and carbon dioxide.
• It’s waste may be used in organic manure.
• In our rural areas government is trying to promote to install the biogas plant.

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Thank You