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Red Planet Mars

media for

The Art of Mars

and

Life on the Red Planet?

planetarium shows

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The Art of Mars

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Credit: Bill Rosen

https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap030818.html

Credit & Copyright: Bill Rosen

Note: attempted to contact, but his email is “full.”

Alternatives under varying creative commons licenses for those who don’t want to/can’t use APOD images:

Brazil: https://flic.kr/p/4KT8QP
In German countryside: https://pixabay.com/photos/star-sky-windr%C3%A4der-dark-at-night-3628394/ , metadata says it was taken here https://goo.gl/maps/qH8vS5JvNCGWRrwFA
From the Alps: https://flic.kr/p/26tpWy7
Florida: https://flic.kr/p/27gT9sG
Moon, Mars, and Venus at Mt. Whitney (California): https://flic.kr/p/rio3YW
Mars and Saturn in California: https://flic.kr/p/28ZvrFJ
All sky fisheye from Austria: https://flic.kr/p/bv9dYo
All sky fisheye from Australia: https://flic.kr/p/286fBxL
(may confuse some with the red moon) Lunar Eclipse and Mars - taken from Australia https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mars_and_Lunar_Eclipse_(43679874271).jpg
Kennedy Space Center: https://flic.kr/p/27aY27w

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https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap140402.html

Image Credit & Copyright: P-M Hedén (Clear Skies, TWAN)

Used here with written permission. If you wish to request permission for your own use, they were very nice about it. Contact info is here: https://www.clearskies.se/

Alternatives under varying creative commons licenses for those who don’t want to use APOD images:

Kennedy Space Center: https://flic.kr/p/27aY27w
Brazil: https://flic.kr/p/4KT8QP
In German countryside: https://pixabay.com/photos/star-sky-windr%C3%A4der-dark-at-night-3628394/ , metadata says it was taken here https://goo.gl/maps/qH8vS5JvNCGWRrwFA
From the Alps: https://flic.kr/p/26tpWy7
Florida: https://flic.kr/p/27gT9sG
Moon, Mars, and Venus at Mt. Whitney (California): https://flic.kr/p/rio3YW
Mars and Saturn in California: https://flic.kr/p/28ZvrFJ
All sky fisheye from Austria: https://flic.kr/p/bv9dYo
All sky fisheye from Australia: https://flic.kr/p/286fBxL
(may confuse some with the red moon) Lunar Eclipse and Mars - taken from Australia https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mars_and_Lunar_Eclipse_(43679874271).jpg

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Mars, “the Red Planet”

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blink comparator

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Credit: The Met Museum

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Or.8210/S.3326

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Or.8210/S.3326

“the Fire Star [Mars] obscures the seven central stars at the place of the Vermillion Bird. This is why it is called Quail Fire. This division corresponds to the Kingdom of Zhou.”

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Sketches

Photos

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Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter

2018

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CREDIT: NASA/JPL/University of Arizona or Malin Space Science Systems

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MARS: Volcanoes & Lakes!

CREDIT: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Univ. of Arizona

https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/images/pia00300-olympus-mons

PRESENTATION NOTES:

Mars has some of the largest volcanoes in the solar system and evidence of ancient lakes.
Scientific instruments on the spacecraft are like detectives, uncovering what happened thousands of years ago on these fascinating surfaces.

SCIENCE NOTES:

McLaughlin Crater, at left, has sedimentary rocks that contain spectroscopic evidence for minerals formed through interaction with water.
A combination of clues suggests this 2.2-kilometer (1.4-mile)-deep) crater once held a lake fed by groundwater. Part of the evidence is identification of clay and carbonate minerals within layers visible near the center.
The scene covers an area about about 550 meters (one-third of a mile) across.

http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA16710

The images on the right show two volcanoes in the Tharsis region of Mars. Ceraunius Tholus is 130 km (81 mi) across and rises 5.5 km (3.4 mi) above its surroundings. Its neighbor, Uranius Tholus, is a smaller volcano with a base diameter of 62 km (38 mi) and a height of 4.5 km (2.8 mi).
Purple indicates the lowest lying regions and grey the highest.

http://www.esa.int/spaceinimages/Images/2011/03/Elevation_of_Ceraunius_Tholus_and_Uranius_Tholus

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MARS: Fractures & Faults

CREDIT: NASA/JPL/University of Arizona

CREDIT: ESA/Mars Express

Black and White

https://mars.nasa.gov/resources/6453/planet-mars-valles-marineris-hemisphere-enhanced/

PRESENTATION NOTES:

Mars has lots of straight lines and shows evidence of tectonic activity, visible in these images of fractures and faults.

SCIENCE NOTES:

The stereo view on the top left shows fractured mounds on the southern edge of Elysium Planitia on Mars. It combines two images taken by the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) camera on NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. When seen through red-blue glasses, the view appears three dimensional.
This view spans an area about 6 kilometers (3.7 miles) wide. The mounds on the southern edge of Elysium Planitia are typically a few kilometers in diameter and about 60 meters (200 feet) tall. Evidence suggests they were pushed up from below. The mounds are probably composed of solidified lava.

http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA11446

Black and white image: https://www.uahirise.org/PSP_003597_1765

The image on the lower right shows complex fault lines in Mars’ Phoenix Lake region that have resulted in terrain with a distinctly contrasting appearance. Nineteenth-century astronomers identified this area as a dark spot and thought it resembled a sea. Now we know that it is not a body of water but the southwestern extension of the complex Noctis Labyrinthus, the Labyrinth of Night, system, which stretches away from the giant volcanoes of Mars’s Tharsis region.

http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Science/Mars_Express/Light_and_dark_in_the_Phoenix_Lake

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MARS

CREDIT: NASA/JPL/JHUAPL/MSSS/Brown University

Colorized

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MARS

CREDIT: NASA/JPL-Caltech/University of Arizona

Colorized

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MARS

CREDIT: NASA/JPL-Caltech/University of Arizona

PRESENTATION NOTES:

This is an intriguing image of the Martian pole with dark spider-like shapes.

In Mare Australe, close to the south pole

SCIENCE NOTES:

Mars' seasonal cap of carbon dioxide ice has eroded many beautiful terrains as it sublimates (goes directly from ice to vapor) every spring. In the region where the HiRISE camera on NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter took this image, we see troughs that form a starburst pattern. In other areas these radial troughs have been referred to as spiders because of their shape. In this region the pattern looks more dendritic as channels branch out numerous times as they get further from the center.
The troughs are believed to be formed by gas flowing beneath the seasonal ice to openings where the gas escapes, carrying along dust from the surface below. The dust falls to the surface of the ice in fan-shaped deposits.

http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA11858

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MARS: Polygons?

CREDIT: NASA/JPL-Caltech/University of Arizona

PRESENTATION NOTES:

Look at this unusual texture and the curious polygon shapes.
The polygons in this "patterned ground" are easy to see because their edges are bound by ridges covered with bright frost in contrast with their darker, frost-free interiors.

SCIENCE NOTES:

From a distance, the floor of this crater looks like a giant honeycomb or spider web. The intersecting shapes, or polygons, commonly occur in the northern lowlands of Mars.
Patterned ground on Mars is thought to form as the result of cyclic thermal contraction cracking in the permanently frozen ground.
Scientists study these polygons to help us understand the recent and past distribution of ice (frozen water) in the shallow subsurface. These features also provide clues about climate conditions.

http://www.uahirise.org/ESP_016641_2500

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SHAPE

-LINE

-COLOR

-VALUE

-TEXTURE

ELEMENTS OF ART & PLANETARY IMAGE ANALYSIS

CREDIT: NASA/JPL-Caltech/UCLA/MPS/DLR/IDA

PRESENTATION NOTES:

When scientists look at remote sensing images of planets, moons and other small bodies, they learn to understand their surfaces by examining them with their eyes.
The Elements of Art are the foundation artists use to understand visual information.

These are Line, Shape, Color, Value and Texture

These art concepts can help us understand the geology of planetary bodies.
This is a colorized image of the large asteroid Vesta taken by the Dawn spacecraft.

THE ELEMENTS OF ART (See Educator Guide)

Teacher may ask for definitions if students have not covered concepts in art class.

SCIENCE NOTES:

This colorized image obtained by NASA's Dawn spacecraft shows a crater on the giant asteroid Vesta. Added color is used to represent different rock or mineral types. The reddish coloring below the crater points to material that was hurled from Vesta's interior during an impact or it could have originated from the impactor itself. This image was obtained at an altitude of 2,700 kilometers (1,700 miles) altitude above the surface of Vesta. Image resolution is about 260 meters per pixel. Dawn spent a full year in orbit around Vesta and obtained hundreds of amazing, detailed images.

http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/dawn/multimedia/pia14709.html

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SHAPE

Circle - Craters

CREDIT: NASA/JPL

VICTORIA CRATER

Mars crater

http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA12167

PRESENTATION NOTES:

Let’s discuss shapes first.
When scientists see circles on the surface of a planet, moon or small body, it often means that there is a crater.
What is a crater? What might cause one? A crater is formed when something impacts a planetary body. (Note: Students may not be aware that craters are found on Earth as well as the Moon, etc.)
When an object like a meteor, asteroid or comet hits the surface of a planet, it leaves a mark typically in the shape of the circle.

It also kicks up a lot of debris which is thrown onto the surface around the crater. This is called an ejecta blanket.
This is a beautiful picture of a crater on Mars.

SCIENCE NOTES:

This crater on northern Elysium Planitia is a little more than twice the diameter of the famous Meteor Crater in Arizona. It was formed by the impact and subsequent explosion of a meteorite. The image was taken by the Mars Orbiter Camera aboard the Mars Global Surveyor in July, 1998. http://pds.nasa.gov/planets/captions/mars/crater.htm

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MARS CRATERS

CREDIT: NASA/JPL/University of Arizona or Malin Space Science Systems

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Blobs – Volcanoes (or Lakes)

SHAPE

CREDIT: NASA/JPL

OLYMPUS MONS

Mars volcano

PRESENTATION NOTES:

We have talked about circular shapes meaning craters, now let’s explore organic shapes, or blobs.
When scientists see organic shapes (or blobs) on the surface of a planetary body, it often means they are looking at a volcano.
Recently, that assumption has been expanded by some exciting new discoveries, but we will get to those later.
This is an image of a giant volcano on Mars called Olympus Mons and it is roughly the size of Arizona, or 3 times the size of Mt. Everest.

SCIENCE NOTES:

The largest of the volcanoes in the Tharsis Montes region on Mars, as well as all known volcanoes in the solar system, is Olympus Mons. Olympus Mons is a shield volcano 624 km (374 mi) in diameter (approximately the same size as the state of Arizona), 25 km (16 mi) high, and is rimmed by a 6 km (4 mi) high scarp. A caldera 80 km (50 mi) wide is located at the summit of Olympus Mons. To compare, the largest volcano on Earth is Mauna Loa. Mauna Loa is a shield volcano 10 km (6.3 mi) high and 120 km (75 mi) across. The volume of Olympus Mons is about 100 times larger than that of Mauna Loa. In fact, the entire chain of Hawaiian islands (from Kauai to Hawaii) would fit inside Olympus Mons!

http://marsprogram.jpl.nasa.gov/gallery/atlas/olympus-mons.html

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MARS: Volcanoes & Lakes!

CREDIT: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Univ. of Arizona

CREDIT: ESA/DLR/FU

https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/images/pia00300-olympus-mons

PRESENTATION NOTES:

Mars has some of the largest volcanoes in the solar system and evidence of ancient lakes.
Scientific instruments on the spacecraft are like detectives, uncovering what happened thousands of years ago on these fascinating surfaces.

SCIENCE NOTES:

McLaughlin Crater, at left, has sedimentary rocks that contain spectroscopic evidence for minerals formed through interaction with water.
A combination of clues suggests this 2.2-kilometer (1.4-mile)-deep) crater once held a lake fed by groundwater. Part of the evidence is identification of clay and carbonate minerals within layers visible near the center.
The scene covers an area about about 550 meters (one-third of a mile) across.

http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA16710

The images on the right show two volcanoes in the Tharsis region of Mars. Ceraunius Tholus is 130 km (81 mi) across and rises 5.5 km (3.4 mi) above its surroundings. Its neighbor, Uranius Tholus, is a smaller volcano with a base diameter of 62 km (38 mi) and a height of 4.5 km (2.8 mi).
Purple indicates the lowest lying regions and grey the highest.

http://www.esa.int/spaceinimages/Images/2011/03/Elevation_of_Ceraunius_Tholus_and_Uranius_Tholus

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Straight lines - tectonic activity

LINE

CREDIT: NASA/JPL

VALLES MARINERIS

Mars canyon

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MARS: Fractures & Faults

CREDIT: NASA/JPL/University of Arizona

CREDIT: ESA/Mars Express

https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/images/pia20044-layers-and-fractures-in-ophir-chasma

PRESENTATION NOTES:

Mars has lots of straight lines and shows evidence of tectonic activity, visible in these images of fractures and faults.

SCIENCE NOTES:

The stereo view on the top left shows fractured mounds on the southern edge of Elysium Planitia on Mars. It combines two images taken by the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) camera on NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. When seen through red-blue glasses, the view appears three dimensional.
This view spans an area about 6 kilometers (3.7 miles) wide. The mounds on the southern edge of Elysium Planitia are typically a few kilometers in diameter and about 60 meters (200 feet) tall. Evidence suggests they were pushed up from below. The mounds are probably composed of solidified lava.

http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA11446

The image on the lower right shows complex fault lines in Mars’ Phoenix Lake region that have resulted in terrain with a distinctly contrasting appearance. Nineteenth-century astronomers identified this area as a dark spot and thought it resembled a sea. Now we know that it is not a body of water but the southwestern extension of the complex Noctis Labyrinthus, the Labyrinth of Night, system, which stretches away from the giant volcanoes of Mars’s Tharsis region.

http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Science/Mars_Express/Light_and_dark_in_the_Phoenix_Lake

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Squiggly lines - erosion (liquid & wind)

LINE

CREDIT: NASA Earth Observatory

https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/resources/2445/wind-flow-on-mars/

PRESENTATION NOTES:

We’ve discussed straight lines, but scientists also see squiggly lines on the surface of planetary bodies.
Squiggly lines often indicate the presence of erosion, which is most often caused by what? Liquid or wind.
What type of liquid could cause erosion? Liquid water as on Earth and Mars, liquid methane on Titan, liquid lava rivers on Venus.
One of the most exciting and beautiful places to look for squiggly lines and erosion is our own planet Earth.
Earth is the ONLY planet in the solar system known to have liquid water on the surface.
We also have a thick, wet, windy atmosphere. There has been a lot of erosion on the surface of Earth.
This image is of the Lena River Delta in Russia, taken from space.
As a reminder, where is the only other solar system body that we know has liquid on the surface? Saturn’s moon, Titan.

https://www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/earthday/lena_delta.html

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MARS

CREDIT: NASA/JPL/JHUAPL/MSSS/Brown University

JEZERO CRATER DELTA

Mars delta

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COLOR

CREDIT: NASA/JPL

MOON

Color – true and added

PRESENTATION NOTES:

Do you think all the images we’ve looked at are in “true-color,” meaning what your eyes see? No
Scientists use color as an important tool to understand planetary surfaces.
Sometimes they use different types of light such as infrared or ultraviolet to take images.
Sometimes they use various filters or color schematics to highlight certain features.
The image on the right has been colorized to emphasize surface composition.

SCIENCE NOTES:

The false-color processing used to create this lunar image is helpful for interpreting the surface soil composition. It is a composite of 15 images taken through 3 color filters by the Galileo spacecraft. Areas appearing red generally correspond to the lunar highlands, while blue to orange shades indicate the ancient volcanic lava flow of a mare, or lunar sea. Bluer mare areas contain more titanium than do the orange regions. Mare Tranquillitatis, seen as a deep blue patch on the right, is richer in titanium than Mare Serenitatis, a slightly smaller circular area at its the upper left. Blue and orange areas covering much of the left side of the Moon in this view represent many separate lava flows in Oceanus Procellarum. The small purple areas found near the center are pyroclastic deposits formed by explosive volcanic eruptions.

http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA00132

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MARS - in IR, underground hydrothermal systems

CREDIT: NASA/JPL-Caltech/University of Arizona

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CREDIT: NASA/JPL/Space Science Institute

VALUE / ALBEDO

IAPETUS

Saturn’s moon

Value – light and dark, shade and highlight

PRESENTATION NOTES:

Can anyone give me a definition of Value? Value means the contrast between light and dark.
Scientists use a similar concept called “albedo” which is the measure of the reflectivity of a surface.
Iapetus has the most intense value contrast in the solar system.
Half of its surface is bright white while the other half is as dark as black velvet.
Things that are bright white are very reflective; this often means they are composed of ice.
Iapetus is still a mystery. Scientists are currently studying it and developing theories to explain its unusual terrain.
What else do you see in Iapetus’ southern hemisphere? A large circle/crater, meaning a large impact.

SCIENCE NOTES:

The Cassini spacecraft captured the first high-resolution view of the bright trailing hemisphere of Saturn's moon Iapetus in 2007. This image reveals the complicated transition region between the dark leading and bright trailing hemispheres.
The most prominent topographic feature is the huge impact basin seen at the bottom, one of at least nine such large basins on Iapetus.
This basin overlaps an older, similar-sized impact basin to its southeast.

http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA08384

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MARS - Wind directions

CREDIT: NASA/JPL-Caltech/University of Arizona

PRESENTATION NOTES:

This is an intriguing image of the Martian pole with dark spider-like shapes.

SCIENCE NOTES:

Mars' seasonal cap of carbon dioxide ice has eroded many beautiful terrains as it sublimates (goes directly from ice to vapor) every spring. In the region where the HiRISE camera on NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter took this image, we see troughs that form a starburst pattern. In other areas these radial troughs have been referred to as spiders because of their shape. In this region the pattern looks more dendritic as channels branch out numerous times as they get further from the center.
The troughs are believed to be formed by gas flowing beneath the seasonal ice to openings where the gas escapes, carrying along dust from the surface below. The dust falls to the surface of the ice in fan-shaped deposits.

http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA11858

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TEXTURE

Texture – the quality of the surface

CREDIT: NASA/JPL-Caltech/University of Arizona

TRITON

Neptune’s

moon

PRESENTATION NOTES:

Looking at the texture of a planetary surface can give scientists clues as to its geologic story. This unusual texture is on Triton, a small icy moon of Neptune.
What does Triton remind you of? A cantaloupe.
Scientists figured something this far from the Sun and so cold would not have a lot of geologic activity.
This weird terrain, combined with a lack of craters, suggests that Triton was geologically active. And indeed, scientists have found evidence of geysers and cryo-volcanoes -- ice volcanoes!

SCIENCE NOTES:

The surface of Triton is very rugged, scarred by rising blobs of ice, faults and volcanic pits and lava flows composed of water and other ices. The surface is also extremely young and sparsely cratered, and could still be geologically active. http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA12186
Triton is one of only three objects in the solar system known to have a nitrogen-dominated atmosphere (the others are Earth and Saturn's giant moon, Titan). Triton has the coldest surface known anywhere in the solar system (about -391º F); it is so cold that most of Triton's nitrogen is condensed as frost, making it the only satellite in the solar system known to have a surface made mainly of nitrogen ice.

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MARS - Thermal expansion

CREDIT: NASA/JPL-Caltech/University of Arizona

PRESENTATION NOTES:

Look at this unusual texture and the curious polygon shapes.
The polygons in this "patterned ground" are easy to see because their edges are bound by ridges covered with bright frost in contrast with their darker, frost-free interiors.

SCIENCE NOTES:

From a distance, the floor of this crater looks like a giant honeycomb or spider web. The intersecting shapes, or polygons, commonly occur in the northern lowlands of Mars.
Patterned ground on Mars is thought to form as the result of cyclic thermal contraction cracking in the permanently frozen ground.
Scientists study these polygons to help us understand the recent and past distribution of ice (frozen water) in the shallow subsurface. These features also provide clues about climate conditions.

http://www.uahirise.org/ESP_016641_2500

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Credit: @CaptainHanyuu

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Adrianna Allen

Nada Abdelhaleem

Consuelo Pecchenino

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Credit: Dr. Laurie Leshin

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Life on the

Red Planet?

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Photograph by Alan D. Wilson.

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Photo credit: US Fish and Wildlife Service.

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Photo credit: US Fish and Wildlife Service.

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Photograph taken by Frank Vassen.

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Photo credit: US Fish and Wildlife Service.

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Image courtesy of: Sheila Nielsen

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Photo credit: Angela Rowe

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Credit: Tsunemi Kubodera of the National Museum of Nature and Science of Japan/AP

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Photo Credit: Tagide deCarvalho

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Credit: John Severnjc

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Credit: NOAA

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Credis: NOAA Fisheries

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astrobiology

What is Life?

How would YOU define Life?

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How does Life adapt to survive?

What do you see that helps creatures live in their habitats?

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What does Life need?

What do you imagine creatures need to stay alive?

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energy

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Credit: CHRIS GERMAN, WHOI/NASA, NSF/ROV JASON/WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION.

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liquid water

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Photo courtesy National Park Service

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Credit: Lawrence Hall of Science

https://informal.jpl.nasa.gov/museum/content/space-art

Astrobiology concepts from Kepler systems by Danielle Fustelaar, courtesy of Alan Gould, Lawrence Hall of Science. (Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License).

Depictions of aliens for the Lawrence Hall of Science planetarium show Life on Other Planets. Left to right:

Gigantipede

Lives on Kepler-62f which is a bit bigger than Earth, with higher gravity, cold, may have a lot of ice. The antenna are used mostly in social interactions with other gigantipedes. The big eyes allow it to see clearly in darker places under shrubs where it must go to digs up roots which are its main diet. Opposable thumb on the front paris of appendages indicate that it may be able to handle tools.

Dweller Octopod

Lives on Kepler-22b which is large, has high gravity, and is hot, possibly an ocean planet. This enormous sea creature has extra eyes on top of his head to look above where most of his prey is. There are also a few eyes to look in front. The prey is mostly whales and sharks, which are an indication of just how large the deep dweller octopod actually is. His teeth are sharp to chew down the fish and he has serrated claws to also grip/tear his food with.

Gliding Hopperoo

Lives on a moon of Kepler-90h which is a bit smaller than Earth, with low gravity, and quite hot. Low gravity make relatively thin legs reasonable, but they are powerful enough to take high jumps and glide through air to a new place. The wings are rich in blood vessels that help cool it when gliding, especially through the shade of tall forest trees. It has a double set of eyes so it can look to the ground, up, and all around at the same time. Opposable thumb on the appendages indicate that it may be able to handle tools.

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Credit: Lawrence Hall of Science

https://informal.jpl.nasa.gov/museum/content/space-art

Astrobiology concepts from Kepler systems by Danielle Fustelaar, courtesy of Alan Gould, Lawrence Hall of Science. (Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License).

Depictions of aliens for the Lawrence Hall of Science planetarium show Life on Other Planets. Left to right:

Gigantipede

Lives on Kepler-62f which is a bit bigger than Earth, with higher gravity, cold, may have a lot of ice. The antenna are used mostly in social interactions with other gigantipedes. The big eyes allow it to see clearly in darker places under shrubs where it must go to digs up roots which are its main diet. Opposable thumb on the front paris of appendages indicate that it may be able to handle tools.

Dweller Octopod

Lives on Kepler-22b which is large, has high gravity, and is hot, possibly an ocean planet. This enormous sea creature has extra eyes on top of his head to look above where most of his prey is. There are also a few eyes to look in front. The prey is mostly whales and sharks, which are an indication of just how large the deep dweller octopod actually is. His teeth are sharp to chew down the fish and he has serrated claws to also grip/tear his food with.

Gliding Hopperoo

Lives on a moon of Kepler-90h which is a bit smaller than Earth, with low gravity, and quite hot. Low gravity make relatively thin legs reasonable, but they are powerful enough to take high jumps and glide through air to a new place. The wings are rich in blood vessels that help cool it when gliding, especially through the shade of tall forest trees. It has a double set of eyes so it can look to the ground, up, and all around at the same time. Opposable thumb on the appendages indicate that it may be able to handle tools.

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Credit: Lawrence Hall of Science

https://informal.jpl.nasa.gov/museum/content/space-art

Astrobiology concepts from Kepler systems by Danielle Fustelaar, courtesy of Alan Gould, Lawrence Hall of Science. (Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License).

Depictions of aliens for the Lawrence Hall of Science planetarium show Life on Other Planets. Left to right:

Gigantipede

Lives on Kepler-62f which is a bit bigger than Earth, with higher gravity, cold, may have a lot of ice. The antenna are used mostly in social interactions with other gigantipedes. The big eyes allow it to see clearly in darker places under shrubs where it must go to digs up roots which are its main diet. Opposable thumb on the front paris of appendages indicate that it may be able to handle tools.

Dweller Octopod

Lives on Kepler-22b which is large, has high gravity, and is hot, possibly an ocean planet. This enormous sea creature has extra eyes on top of his head to look above where most of his prey is. There are also a few eyes to look in front. The prey is mostly whales and sharks, which are an indication of just how large the deep dweller octopod actually is. His teeth are sharp to chew down the fish and he has serrated claws to also grip/tear his food with.

Gliding Hopperoo

Lives on a moon of Kepler-90h which is a bit smaller than Earth, with low gravity, and quite hot. Low gravity make relatively thin legs reasonable, but they are powerful enough to take high jumps and glide through air to a new place. The wings are rich in blood vessels that help cool it when gliding, especially through the shade of tall forest trees. It has a double set of eyes so it can look to the ground, up, and all around at the same time. Opposable thumb on the appendages indicate that it may be able to handle tools.

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Credit: Lawrence Hall of Science

https://informal.jpl.nasa.gov/museum/content/space-art

Astrobiology concepts from Kepler systems by Danielle Fustelaar, courtesy of Alan Gould, Lawrence Hall of Science. (Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License).

Depictions of aliens for the Lawrence Hall of Science planetarium show Life on Other Planets. Left to right:

Gigantipede

Lives on Kepler-62f which is a bit bigger than Earth, with higher gravity, cold, may have a lot of ice. The antenna are used mostly in social interactions with other gigantipedes. The big eyes allow it to see clearly in darker places under shrubs where it must go to digs up roots which are its main diet. Opposable thumb on the front paris of appendages indicate that it may be able to handle tools.

Dweller Octopod

Lives on Kepler-22b which is large, has high gravity, and is hot, possibly an ocean planet. This enormous sea creature has extra eyes on top of his head to look above where most of his prey is. There are also a few eyes to look in front. The prey is mostly whales and sharks, which are an indication of just how large the deep dweller octopod actually is. His teeth are sharp to chew down the fish and he has serrated claws to also grip/tear his food with.

Gliding Hopperoo

Lives on a moon of Kepler-90h which is a bit smaller than Earth, with low gravity, and quite hot. Low gravity make relatively thin legs reasonable, but they are powerful enough to take high jumps and glide through air to a new place. The wings are rich in blood vessels that help cool it when gliding, especially through the shade of tall forest trees. It has a double set of eyes so it can look to the ground, up, and all around at the same time. Opposable thumb on the appendages indicate that it may be able to handle tools.

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Credit: Lawrence Hall of Science

https://informal.jpl.nasa.gov/museum/content/space-art

Astrobiology concepts from Kepler systems by Danielle Fustelaar, courtesy of Alan Gould, Lawrence Hall of Science. (Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License).

Depictions of aliens for the Lawrence Hall of Science planetarium show Life on Other Planets. Left to right:

Gigantipede

Lives on Kepler-62f which is a bit bigger than Earth, with higher gravity, cold, may have a lot of ice. The antenna are used mostly in social interactions with other gigantipedes. The big eyes allow it to see clearly in darker places under shrubs where it must go to digs up roots which are its main diet. Opposable thumb on the front paris of appendages indicate that it may be able to handle tools.

Dweller Octopod

Lives on Kepler-22b which is large, has high gravity, and is hot, possibly an ocean planet. This enormous sea creature has extra eyes on top of his head to look above where most of his prey is. There are also a few eyes to look in front. The prey is mostly whales and sharks, which are an indication of just how large the deep dweller octopod actually is. His teeth are sharp to chew down the fish and he has serrated claws to also grip/tear his food with.

Gliding Hopperoo

Lives on a moon of Kepler-90h which is a bit smaller than Earth, with low gravity, and quite hot. Low gravity make relatively thin legs reasonable, but they are powerful enough to take high jumps and glide through air to a new place. The wings are rich in blood vessels that help cool it when gliding, especially through the shade of tall forest trees. It has a double set of eyes so it can look to the ground, up, and all around at the same time. Opposable thumb on the appendages indicate that it may be able to handle tools.

117 of 129

Credit: Lawrence Hall of Science

https://informal.jpl.nasa.gov/museum/content/space-art

Astrobiology concepts from Kepler systems by Danielle Fustelaar, courtesy of Alan Gould, Lawrence Hall of Science. (Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License).

Depictions of aliens for the Lawrence Hall of Science planetarium show Life on Other Planets. Left to right:

Gigantipede

Lives on Kepler-62f which is a bit bigger than Earth, with higher gravity, cold, may have a lot of ice. The antenna are used mostly in social interactions with other gigantipedes. The big eyes allow it to see clearly in darker places under shrubs where it must go to digs up roots which are its main diet. Opposable thumb on the front paris of appendages indicate that it may be able to handle tools.

Dweller Octopod

Lives on Kepler-22b which is large, has high gravity, and is hot, possibly an ocean planet. This enormous sea creature has extra eyes on top of his head to look above where most of his prey is. There are also a few eyes to look in front. The prey is mostly whales and sharks, which are an indication of just how large the deep dweller octopod actually is. His teeth are sharp to chew down the fish and he has serrated claws to also grip/tear his food with.

Gliding Hopperoo

Lives on a moon of Kepler-90h which is a bit smaller than Earth, with low gravity, and quite hot. Low gravity make relatively thin legs reasonable, but they are powerful enough to take high jumps and glide through air to a new place. The wings are rich in blood vessels that help cool it when gliding, especially through the shade of tall forest trees. It has a double set of eyes so it can look to the ground, up, and all around at the same time. Opposable thumb on the appendages indicate that it may be able to handle tools.

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Credit: Lawrence Hall of Science

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Credit: Lawrence Hall of Science

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Credit: Lawrence Hall of Science

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MARS

CREDIT: NASA/JPL/JHUAPL/MSSS/Brown University

Colorized