Chapter 3 Colonial America 1587-1770

Lesson 1

Roanoke and Jamestown

England and Spain

• England & Spain pushed to war because of
• Trading rivalry
• Religious differences

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• King Philip II
• powerful ruler of Spain
• wanted a Catholic ruler on the throne of England

He didn’t consider Queen Elizabeth, a Protestant, the rightful ruler of England

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The Spanish Armada

• Sir Francis Drake
• English adventurer
• attacked Spanish ships and ports

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• King Philip
• wanted Elizabeth to punish Drake for his raids

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• Instead, Elizabeth
• honored Drake with Knighthood

The Spanish Armada

• Philip II
• sent the Spanish Armada to conquer England
• Failed completely

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• War continued until 1604

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• Defeat of the Armada
• marked the end of Spanish control of the seas

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• Therefore!
• the way was clear for England to start colonies in North America
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Section 1

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

Who was the ruler of England when the Spanish and English were at war in the 1500s?

A. King James

B. Queen Elizabeth

C. Queen Mary

D. King Philip II

England tries to make colonies

• Queen Elizabeth
• gave Sir Walter Raleigh the right to claim land in North America (1584)

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• Sir Walter Raleigh
• sent an expedition to find a place to settle
• His scouts said Roanoke Island (North Carolina today) was the place to settle

• Sir Walter Raleigh

• Queen Gina

(Ms. Patton’s Cat)

Roanoke Island

• 1585 – Raleigh sent 100 men to explore Roanoke
• Including John White
• artist & mapmaker

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• John White
• explored the area
• drew pictures of what he saw

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• In a book illustrated by White, another colonist described the Native American towns the settlers encountered:

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• “Their towns are small… a village may contain but ten or twelve houses- some… as many as twenty.”

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• Difficult winter
• Returned to England

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Roanoke Island

• 1587- Raleigh sent 91 men, 17 women, and 9 children to settle Roanoke

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• John White
• returned to Roanoke
• led the new group

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• Shortly after arriving, White’s daughter gave birth
• Virginia Dare was the first English child born in North America

More of Roanoke Island

• John White
• returned to England 9 days after granddaughter was born
• Needed supplies
• Hoped to return within a few months

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• However…
• The war with Spain delayed his return for nearly 3 years

More of Roanoke Island

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• When he returned (after 3 years), he found Roanoke deserted

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• Found the word Croatoan carved on a gatepost

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• White believed they had gone to Croatoan Island, about 50 miles to the south

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• Bad weather kept White from investigating

The Roanoke colonists were never seen again

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Question

Why did the English decide to settle in Roanoke?

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The Result of the Failed Roanoke Colony

• Discouraged others from planning English colonies in North America (for a time)

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• The idea emerged again in 1606
• England had new king, James I
• wanted to renew England’s quest for a colony in North America

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• Groups of merchants sought charters
• documents granting the right to organize settlements in an area

The Virginia Company of London

• Virginia Company
• received a charter

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• Virginia Company was a joint-stock company
• investors bought stock, or part ownership, in the company in return for a share of its future profits

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• Settlers in America were to
• search for gold
• establish trade in fish and furs

Virginia Company Sends Settlers

• December 1606
• The Virgina Company sent 144 settlers in three ships to build a new colony
• April 1607
• The ships arrived, entering the Chesapeake Bay and then up a river flowing into the bay
• Colonists named the river the James
• And their new settlement Jamestown in honor of King James I

Jamestown Hardships

• Jamestown settlers faced hardships of disease and hunger

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• The colony survived its first two years because of: Captain John Smith
• an experienced explorer
• forced the settlers to work
• explored the area
• built ties & sought food from the local Native Americans led by Chief Powhatan

Question

What was the smartest or most important thing that John Smith did to secure the colonists’ well-being?

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Why?

Jamestown Hardships

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• Captain John Smith injured & returned to England (1609)
• Jamestown lacked strong leadership

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• Winter of 1609-1610 became known as “the starving time”
• Powhatan people stopped providing food for settlers

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• Fighting also broke out with the Native Americans

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• Somehow Jamestown survived this terrible time
• more colonists arrived to replace those who had died

Jamestown Colonists Make Money

• Colonists found a way to make money for the investors
• Growing tobacco using seeds from the West Indies

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• Soon planters all along the James River were raising tobacco

Colony of Virginia Prospers

• Colonist, John Rolfe, married Pocahontas (Matoaka, “Playful One”)
• Daughter of Chief Powhatan
• Marriage restored peace between colonists and Powhatans

• Pocahontas had helped feed the colonists before tensions and fighting began among the colonists and Powhatans

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Colony of Virginia Prospers

• The Virginia Company gave a headright (land grant)
• a land grant of 50 acres to settlers who paid their own way to the colony

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• The Virginia Company gave colonists the right to their own government
• The House of Burgesses first met in 1619
• For land-owning males
• Burgesses were representatives of the colony’s towns
• They would make local laws for the colony

More about Jamestown

• By the 1620s, the Virginia Company faced financial troubles
• Jamestown was returning little profit

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• In 1624, King James cancelled the company’s charter and made Jamestown England’s first royal colony in America
• directly under control of government of England

Question

Why was the House of Burgesses important?

What cleared the way for England to start colonies in North America?

1. Drake's raids on Spain
2. Drake's knighthood
3. defeat of the Spanish Armada
4. England declared war on Spain.

Which of the following is an example of a joint-stock company?

1. the Roanoke Company
2. the England Company
3. the Drake Company
4. the Virginia Company

The Jamestown colonists called the winter of 1609–1610

1. the lavish time.
2. the starving time.
3. the good time.
4. the friendly time.

Which crop saved Jamestown by making money for investors?

1. tobacco
2. corn
3. rice
4. indigo

The first English child born in the American colonies was

1. James Yeardley.
2. Francis Drake.
3. Virginia Dare.
4. John White.