Week 16
11/27-12/1
In which we begin to breath.
Mon
11-27-2023
Stuff!
What in the heck did you do over break?!
Agenda
Quick, Photosynthesis - what?
What goes in?
What goes out?
Quick, Photosynthesis - what?
CO2
Water
O2
Glucose
Next thing…
Where do the atoms and Energy in glucose go?
Let’s demonstrate.
Everybody, breathe in and breathe out.
Failing the breathe out step
Congratulations, you demonstrated our next section!
Cellular Respiration
–Photosynthesis, but backwards–
Send someone up to grab papers and then gettem into your notebook.
First: What goes in & what comes out
6 O2 + 1 Glucose (C6H12O6) → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + heat + ATP
Input: oxygen gas, glucose
Output: carbon dioxide, water, heat, ATP
First: What goes in & what comes out
6 O2 + 1 Glucose (C6H12O6) → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + heat + ATP
Input: oxygen gas, glucose
Output: carbon dioxide, water, heat, ATP
These be Energy
First: What goes in & what comes out
6 O2 + 1 Glucose (C6H12O6) → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + heat + ATP
What changes during the rxn?
What stays the same?
First: What goes in & what comes out
6 O2 + 1 Glucose (C6H12O6) → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + heat + ATP
What changes during the rxn?
What stays the same?
First: What goes in & what comes out
6 O2 + 1 Glucose (C6H12O6) → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + heat + ATP
6 CO2 + 6 H2O + light → 6 O2 + 1 Glucose (C6H12O6)
Hey, look, photosynthesis but backwards.
respire
p.s.
First: What goes in & what comes out
6 O2 + 1 Glucose (C6H12O6) → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + heat + ATP
6 CO2 + 6 H2O + light → 6 O2 + 1 Glucose (C6H12O6)
Same elements, same molecules, but Energy is flowing in opposite directions.
respire
p.s.
Second: Where and What happens
This happens in every cell that is exposed to our oxygen-rich world.
3 steps:
Glycolysis
Krebs Cycle / TCA Cycle
Electron Transport Chain
Step 1: Glycolysis
Inputs:
Outputs:
Energy?
Location: Cytoplasm
sugar
break
Step 1: Glycolysis
Whole lotta stuff - what’s important for you?
Glucose (C6H12O6) goes in
Enzymes cut Glucose in half
Some ATP is made
Some high E e- and H are shipped away…
Location: Cytoplasm
Step 2: Krebs / TCA Cycle
Inputs:
Outputs:
Energy?
Location: Mitochondria
Step 2: Krebs / TCA Cycle
Whole lotta stuff - what’s important for you?
Pyruvate (C3H4O3) goes in.
Enzymes break high E bonds
High E e- and H are shipped away…
ATP is made
CO2 is shot out
Location: Mitochondria
Step 3: Electron Transport Chain
Inputs:
Outputs:
Energy?
Location: Mitochondria
Step 3: Electron Transport Chain
Whole lotta stuff - what’s important for you?
All those high E e- and H are collected
Electrons run through a protein circuit, generating energy
H run down a H-fall, spinning a turbine, generating ATP
Location: Mitochondria
Step 3: Electron Transport Chain
You are powered by electricity.
You take high E e-, run them through a circuit, and harvest energy
Step 3: Electron Transport Chain
Cool Enzyme: ATP Synthase
H are concentrated like water behind a dam
They run through an enzyme that spins
Spinning powers making more ATP
Third: Why it happens (Energy)
Photosynthesis was capturing the sun’s E and putting it into chemical bonds.
Respiration is taking that E out and using it for … Everything.
ATP is how we capture and store that E.
What the heck is ATP?
Adenosine Tri Phosphate - a very special nucleic acid
phosphates
sugar
N base
ATP
ATP
ATP is the universal battery of living things.
ATP
phosphates
ATP
The phosphates are negative; lots of them are together.
Do you think that’s stable?
ATP
phosphates
ATP
Nope!
There’s E in those bonds. E that can be used…
ATP
phosphates
ATP
Neet to power a reaction?
Bring ATP over and …
ATP
phosphates
ATP
ATP self-destructs, burning itself as fuel
ATP
Phosphates
lost!
ATP ←→ADP←→ AMP
Discharge
Release E
Power Reactions
Charge up
Store E
Question: Where do cells recharge most of their ATP?
Question: Where do cells recharge most of their ATP?
Question: Why don’t cells just make ATP everywhere?
Question: Why don’t cells just make ATP everywhere?
Lots of enzymes needed for respiration
Lots of infrastructure required to generate power
Fourth: When it can’t happen
Everything up above requires oxygen gas (O2).
If you don’t have O2, you can’t do this.
But even if you don’t have O2, you still need energy.
Not enough O2 what for respiration
e.g.
This is “unassisted freediving”
No oxygen tank.
Gotta hold your breath.
What happens to a diver’s Oxygen levels?
What’ll happen to the diver?
Fourth: When it can’t happen
Your cells will do “fermentation”
The same process that makes kimchi, cheese, wine…
Do you think we need the �mitochondria for this?
Fourth: When it can’t happen
Nope!
Step 2 alt: Fermentation
Inputs:
Outputs:
Energy?
Location: Cytoplasm
Tues
11-28-2023
Let’s Watch Respiration Happen
Agenda
HW - Bring pages 111-115, 119-122, 129-130 from workbook if you prefer physical pages vs digital (due Thursday)
Mini-lab
Let’s check out your body’s ability to do respiration and fermentation.
Break
Microscope use?
Important:
You break it, you buy it
Groups: watch each other, advise each other
When it doubt, ask a question
DO NOT use a microscope alone
Two kinds we’ll use (make note of this in your Lentil Lab sheet)
← Dissecting Scope
Compound Microscope →
Step 1: Prepare Slide for Dissecting ‘scope
Step 2: Prepare Slide for Compound ‘scope
And we’re going to write.
But not a CER!
Write / type as Amoeba Sisters serenade you