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Policing

“Policing PowerPoint” by Stephanie Wiley for Open Oregon Educational Resources is licensed CC BY NC SA..

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Objectives

11.1 Distinguish across the different eras of policing

11.2 Identify different levels of policing & types of jobs within agencies

11.3 Identify key Supreme Court Cases & Constitutional Amendments & their implications for society, individuals, & policing

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Policing Eras

Early days: Pre-1840

    • Kin policing

Political: 1840 – 1900

    • Political control & gain
    • Roots in slave patrols
    • Corruption

Reform: 1900 – 1980

    • August Vollmer
    • Prevent & rehabilitate: education, social work

Community: 1980 – 2001

    • Get to know community
    • Problem-oriented policing

Homeland Security: 2001 - today

    • Response to 9/11
    • Crime control
    • Communication & surveillance

1800s England: “Bobbies”

Supreme Court Cases:

  • Mapp v. Ohio (1961): Probable Cause
  • Terry v. Ohio (1963): Reasonable Suspicion
  • Miranda v. Arizona (1966)

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Levels of Policing

Roles:

  • “Regular” vs. Specialty positions
  • Commissioned
    • Sworn LE
  • Civilian
    • You & me!

Federal

State

County Sheriff

City

Tribal

International

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Recap

  1. Policing spans four major eras: Political, Reform, Community, & Homeland Security

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  • Police departments operate at the federal, state, county, city, & tribal jurisdictions
      • Positions include law enforcement & civilian jobs!

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  • Several key Supreme Court Cases happened during the Reform Era that clarified procedural laws
      • 4th Amendment: Probable cause is necessary for a search warrant
        • But…a warrant isn’t required if the police start with reasonable suspicion
      • 5th Amendment: Police are required to Mirandize people before interrogating a suspect
        • But…Miranda Rights aren’t required at the time of arrest

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